U.S. patent number 3,735,022 [Application Number 05/182,740] was granted by the patent office on 1973-05-22 for interference controlled communications cable. Invention is credited to Alton W. Estep.
United States Patent | 3,735,022 |
Estep | May 22, 1973 |
A communication cable having a plurality of pairs or triplets of parallel conductors, wherein each pair or triplets of conductors are imbedded in a first insulation material to form a core, and a plurality of cores are imbedded in a second insulation material, or jacket. The conductors extend in planar form through an axial cross-section of the cable. The first and second insulations are of different dielectrics. FIELD OF THE INVENTION Electrical communication cables of the type having a plurality of paired conductors whereby a number of electrical signals can be transmitted simultaneously. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART Signal cables generally are formed of twisted pairs. To communicate more data faster, it is necessary to use faster rise time pulses and higher frequencies. Under these circumstances twisted pairs and triplets start to become inadequate, mainly because crosstalk between signals grows excessive. Presently the industry, in a highly costly effort involving the multitude of combinations of the length and lay of the twists, is trying to establish adequate control. The new cable of the invention solves the crosstalk problem of the twisted pairs. In twisted pairs, the electromagnetic field is not confined within the boundaries of the solid insulation material; rather a large segment of it extends into the surrounding air. It is this phenomenon which causes crosstalk. The problem is inherent in the basic design features of the twisted pairs. The characteristic impedance of a two wire signal transmission line depends basically on the relationship between the centerdistance of the two wires and the diameter of the wires. In twisted pairs, the centerdistance is determined by the outer diameter of the insulation because the wires are twisted together; therefore, the uniformity of the characteristic impedance also will depend on this. With a multitude of lengths and lays of the twists, it is difficult to maintain a uniform centerdistance. Additionally, the problem of crosstalk in twisted pairs is compounded to a great extent by the air effect between the circular shaped insulators. In order to eliminate this air, the whole structure of twisted pairs must be changed. SUMMARY OF PRESENT INVENTION A pair of parallel wires are imbedded together in a body of first insulation material to form a core. The insulation has a rectangular or ellipsoid or circular cross-section; the width of the insulation is about twice the centerdistance of the wires. The height of the insulation is greater than, but not necessarily more than twice, the centerdistance. The insulation has a low dielectric constant possibly not higher than 2.4 or less and a low dissipation factor in the range of magnitude of 10.sup..sup.-4. A core of a pair of wires with such a cross-section will include the majority of the electromagnetic field and particularly in the area where the density of this field is the greatest, namely, between the two wires. A multitude of such cores are imbedded in a second insulation, or jacket, material having a dielectric different from the first insulation, extending in cross-section in planar form. Every individual pair is completely surrounded by this jacket material. The jacket material has a higher dielectric constant than the first insulation material, of the core, immediately surrounding the wires. It is believed that the substantial reduction in crosstalk is achieved in the present cable for the following reasons: Electrical wavelength in an insulated transmission line is shorter by the square root of the dielectric constant of the insulation than in air, both in the direction of the longitudinal axis, as well as in cross-section of the line. A low loss dielectric material with the correct geometry surrounding the conductors confines a high percentage of the electro-magnetic field. The lossy dielectric material of a higher dielectric constant with the correct geometry surrounds the pair imbedded in the first dielectric material and reduces the electromagnetic interference effect to or from any adjacent pairs. For space, weight and material saving, the thickness of the low loss material can be smaller but not smaller than D and still include more than 80 percent of the electromagnetic field in the low loss basic insulation material. The small but far extending part of the electromagnetic field will be confined by propagating in the higher dielectric constant and higher dissipation factor material and will keep the crosstalk below critical levels. The characteristic impedance of such design may be expressed by the formula: Z.sub.d = Z.sub.0 1.sqroot..sup.-1 z.sub.o = 120 cosh.sup..sup.-1 D/d where Z.sub.d characteristic impedance in cable Z.sub.o characteristic impedance in air dielectric .epsilon. relative dielectric constant D centerdistance of wires d wire diameter.
Inventors: | Estep; Alton W. (North Wales, PA) |
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Family ID: | 22669809 |
Appl. No.: | 05/182,740 |
Filed: | September 22, 1971 |
Current U.S. Class: | 174/117F; 174/110PM; 174/113R; 174/110V; 333/243 |
Current CPC Class: | H01B 7/0823 (20130101); H01B 11/1091 (20130101) |
Current International Class: | H01B 11/02 (20060101); H01B 11/00 (20060101); H01B 7/08 (20060101); H01B 11/04 (20060101); H01b 007/02 () |
Field of Search: | ;174/36,27,107,113R,115,117R,117F,117FF,12R,11PM,11F,11V ;333/84M,12,99R |
3439111 | April 1969 | Miracle et al. |
2471752 | May 1949 | Ingmanson |
3179904 | April 1965 | Paulsen |
3459879 | August 1969 | Gerpheide |
3576723 | April 1971 | Angele et al. |
flat Cable, The Modern Cable System for Electronic Applications, Tech. Bulletin, Tape Cable Corp., Type S-1023, October, 1969.. |
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