U.S. patent number 3,734,388 [Application Number 05/232,751] was granted by the patent office on 1973-05-22 for opening means for tetrahedral container.
Invention is credited to Arthur W. Hopkins.
United States Patent |
3,734,388 |
Hopkins |
May 22, 1973 |
OPENING MEANS FOR TETRAHEDRAL CONTAINER
Abstract
A tetrahedral shaped container is provided with a pair of tabs
at one end. By pulling apart the tabs, an opening is formed at one
end. The end seal at the tab end of the container is critically
shaped so as to provide for the combination of ease of opening,
strong seal which will not prematurely open or leak, and which will
not distort the configuration of the container. The seal shape must
deviate from a straight line normal to the longitudinal axis of the
container by an extent great enough to permit the opening force to
be applied to only a small region of the seal, but by an extent
small enough to minimize distorts in the container.
Inventors: |
Hopkins; Arthur W. (Cornwall,
NY) |
Family
ID: |
22874407 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/232,751 |
Filed: |
March 8, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
383/210; 229/116;
156/461 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
75/5855 (20130101); B65D 75/50 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
75/52 (20060101); B65D 75/50 (20060101); B65D
75/58 (20060101); B65D 75/00 (20060101); B65d
083/00 (); B65d 017/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;229/21,66,22,17,7
;222/107 ;206/65T ;156/461 ;93/82 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Moorhead; Davis T.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A hollow container comprising:
a cylindical body portion having a pair of transversely sealed
ends, each of said ends of said cylindrical body portion lying
substantially in a plane, the plane of one of the ends of said
cylindrical body portion being at a right angle to the plane of the
other end of said cylindrical body,
one of said sealed ends having unsealed tab sections extending
beyond the end seal, said seal deviating from a straight line by an
extent such that the ratio of the maximum deviation from a straight
line the length of the transverse dimension of said container is in
the range from 1:4 to 1:8.
2. A hollow container having a cylindrical body portion and a pair
of sealed ends,
each of said end seals being transverse to the longitudinal axis of
said container and substantially offset with respect to the plane
of the other of said seals, thereby causing said cylindrical body
portion to be non-circular in cross-section,
one of said seals having at least a region which deviates from a
straight line from the intersection of one of the seal and the edge
of the container and the intersection of the other end of the seal
and the other end of the container, the deviation being equal to
less than one fourth of the length of said straight line but at
least equal to one eighth of the length of said straight line,
and
a tab region, said tab region being unsealed free ends of said
container adjacent to said one of said seals.
3. The structure of claim 2, wherein said cylindrical body portion
is in the form of a tetrahedron.
4. The structure of claim 2, wherein the planes of said seals are
at right angles to each other.
5. The structure of claim 2, wherein said one of said seals is
formed by two lines having an intersection angle in the range from
125.degree. to 170.degree..
6. The structure of claim 2, wherein said one of said seals
includes a region having a pair of lines intersecting at an angle
in the range from 125.degree. to 170.degree..
7. The structure of claim 2, wherein said one of said seals is in
the form of a curved line.
8. The structure of claim 5, wherein said cylindrical body portion
is in the form of a hexahedron.
9. The structure of claim 2, wherein said one of said seals has a
pair of sealed sections which extend into the tab region.
10. The structure of claim 2, wherein a supplemental seal is
provided in the region of maximum deviation from a straight line
and substantially along only a portion of said straight line.
11. A hollow container having a cylindrical body portion and a pair
of sealed ends, each of said sealed ends having end seals
transverse to the longitudinal axis of said container and lying
substantially in a plane, the plane of one of said seals being
substantially offset with respect to the plane of the other of said
seals, thereby causing said cylindrical body portion to be
non-circular in cross-section,
one of said seals having at least a region which deviates from a
straight line between the opposite ends of the seal, and
a tab region, said tab region being unsealed free ends of said
container adjacent to said one of said seals, and a supplemental
seal provided in the region of maximum deviation from a straight
line and substantially along a portion of said straight line.
12. The structure of claim 11, wherein said cylindrical body is in
the form of a tetrahedron.
13. The structure of claim 11, wherein the planes of said seals are
at right angles to each other.
14. The structure of claim 11, wherein said one of said seals is
formed by two lines having an intersection angle in the range from
125.degree. to 170.degree..
15. The structure of claim 11, wherein one of said seals is in the
form of a curved line.
16. The structure of claim 11, wherein said one of said seals has a
pair of seal sections which extend into said tab region.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a tetrahedral shaped container, and more
particularly to a dispensing structure for tetrahedral
containers.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The low cost, rapid, continuous manufacture of tetrahedral shaped
containers, of the type disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,404,988,
3,244,274 and 2,919,800, coupled with low filling costs and low
construction material costs, has contributed to the low per unit
cost of tetrahedral containers.
There has been a persistent problem, however, with tetrahedral
containers which are used for dispensing liquids. Typically, the
container is provided with a dispensing hole which is covered with
a tab. The tab is pulled away from the container, thereby
uncovering the hole and permitting the discharge of the liquid from
the container. It is necessary however, to hold the container body
during the opening operation. Because of the pressure thus applied
to the container and because of the unpredictability of the
direction of exit of the liquid from the container, the user in too
many instances is squirted with the liquid.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The objects of the invention will be evident and the invention will
be more fully understood when the specification is read in
conjunction with the following drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a container with opening means in
accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a modification of the container of FIG.
1;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a further modification of a container of
the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a side view, taken along lines 4--4, of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a side view of the container of FIG. 4, shown in a flexed
position;
FIG. 6 is a side view of a container showing another modification
of an end seal;
FIG. 7 is a side view of a container showing a further modification
of an end seal;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a further modification of a
container and end seal; and
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of apparatus for forming
containers of the instant invention, and
FIG. 9a is a continuation of FIG. 9.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It has now been found that the problems normally encountered in
opening of tetrahedron containers can be overcome through the use
of a novel seal configuration and end tabs which facilitate the
opening of the container.
In accordance with the present invention, a tetrahedron shaped
container is provided with seal ends, the ends lying at
substantially right angles to each other. One sealed end is
provided with a seal which extends transverse to the longitudinal
axis of the container but deviates from a straight line. The seal
can be in the form of two or more lines or a semi-circle, but the
deviation from the straight line should not be such that the ratio
of the maximum deviation from a straight line to the length of the
transverse dimension of the container is in the range from 1:4 to
1:8.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As shown in FIG. 1, a tetrahedral shaped container, indicated
generally as 10, is provided with two sealed ends 12 and 14. The
longitudinal seam 16 has no particular consequence in the instant
invention, and is shown only for the purpose of completness. The
sealed ends 12 and 14 line in planes which are at right angles to
each other. The container has a region 18 which extends beyond the
seal 14.
The longitudinal axis of the container is represented by the line
LA, in FIG. 2. The seal 24 lies transverse or normal to the
longitudinal axis of the container 10. It can be seen that the seal
deviates slightly from the straight line NL which lies normal to
the line LA. The point of maximum deviation from the normal line
NL, is represented by DNL and the extent of the deviation is
represented by NA.
As shown in FIG. 3, the end seal 34 may be formed in two parts
which form an angle X. As will become evident from the following
description, it is essential that the angle as great as possible,
preferably as close as possible to 180.degree. on the order of from
125.degree. to 170.degree.. More acute angles can be used in those
cases where the apex of the angle is offset from the longitudinal
axis, than in those cases where the apex falls on the longitudinal
axis.
As seen in FIG. 4, the region 18, provides two tabs 40 and 42 which
can conviently be held without holding the body of the container
10.
The container walls 46 and 48 have a tendency to collapse or
fold-over, along the line which extends from the point at which the
end seal 34 meets the edges 36 and 38 of the container 10.
As disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,404,988 to Rausing the container
material typically comprises an outer plastic or wax layer and a
plastic layer facing the interior of the container. The plastic
layer is relatively more expensive than the relatively rigid layer
of paper or cardboard and therefore is made as thin as possible.
The mechanical stability of the package is produced by the paper or
cardboard layer in combination with the structural characteristics
of the tetrahedron.
The plastic inner layer must be inert to the substance to be
packaged, strong and durable. It is preferably heat sealable,
although pressure or heat sensitive adhesives can be used. Typical
plastics which can be used are polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl
acetate, vinyl copolymers, polypropylene, polystyrene, cellulose
acetate and cellulose acetate butgrate. For packaging dairy
products polyethylene is particularly desirable.
It is well recognized that it is critical that the container
material be free of kinks, as explained in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,482,491
and 3,577,301 to Gustafson. The kinks tend to cause breaks in the
inner plastic layer and break down the structural rigidity of the
container. This is particularly true where fluid seeps through
cracks in the inner plastic layer and impregnates the paper layer
causing the paper to soften and increasing the possibility of
leakage and bacteria buildup in the paper.
It is thus seen that any tendency of the container to flex from the
position shown in FIG. 4, to the position shown in FIG. 5, is
extremely undesirable because the flexing tends to create kinks in
the container material.
The criticality of the aforenoted problem prevents the "tear-open"
technology as it relates to flat containers, from being directly
applied to tetrahedral containers.
The tendency of the container to flex can be minimized or
eliminated by means of controlling several dimensions.
The tendency to flex decreases directly with decreases in the
distance from the point of maximum deviation DNL to the transverse
line NL which includes the intersection of the end seal 24 with
edge 26 or the edge 28. In the event of an asymetric configuration
such as shown in FIG. 2, the distance NA which represents the
longitudinal distance from the intersection of end seal 24 with
container edge 26 to the point DNL is the critical dimension, since
this distance is greater than the distance to the end seal 24 --
edge 28 intersection. In an asymetric arrangement, the flexing may
not occur along a line normal to the longitudinal axis, but rather,
may occur along a line from the end seal 24 -- edge 26 intersection
to the end seal 24 -- edge 28 intersection. The longitudinal
distance of the connecting line CL to the point DNL is represented
as CA in FIG. 2.
The ratio of CA to TL (the transverse dimension of the container)
or NA to TL should be less than about 1 to 4 and preferably less
than 1 to 8.
The longitudinal length LL of the container need not be narrowly
controlled because the ability of the container to absorb kinks or
distortions is affected less by its longitudinal dimension than by
its transverse dimension.
The minimum length of CA or NA is controlled by the need to apply
the initial opening force to a restricted region of the seal rather
than to the entire seal. A straight, longitudinal seal along the
line NL, for example, would be at best, extremely difficult to
open.
As shown in FIG. 6, an end seal indicated generally as 64, can be
in the form of two intersecting lines, thus providing two primary
seals 62 and 63, and two secondary seals 65 and 66.
The secondary seals 65 and 66 serve several functions, including
protection of the primary seals 62 and 63, tends to cause stresses
which open the flaps or tabs 67 and 68, inform the user of the
power or effort required to open the seal and provide a smoother
more gradual opening action.
The users of the containers typically may not have sufficiently
frequent use to develope significant experience in opening of the
container. Thus, the secondary seals provide a chance to practice
before the main seal is opened.
The flaps may be provided with a non-straight outer edge, as seen
in FIG. 3 and FIG. 6. In the modification of FIG. 3, the outer
edges 31 and 39 extend away from the line NL which is normal to the
longitudinal axis of the container 10. Again, as seen in FIG. 6,
the outer edges 61 and 63 extend outwardly from the center line and
away from the line NL. The butterfly configuration of FIGS. 3 and 6
tends to contribute to holding the container is a tetrahedral
configuration.
FIG. 7, shows a container 10, which has an arcuate primary seal 74,
and an intersecting arcuate secondary seal 75, 76.
As shown in FIG. 8, a further means can be employed to prevent the
container from flexing between the configuration of FIG. 4 and FIG.
5. One or more auxillary seals 80 are employed to maintain the
container in the closed position. The seals are positioned along
the line which extends between the outer ends 82 and 83 of the
primary seals 84 and 85. The seals must not be extensive so that
liquid flow is not impeded when the container is opened.
It should be noted that the various individual features can be used
in any combination with each other. For example, the auxillary
seals 80 can be employed with the structures of FIG. 6 or FIG. 7,
and the butterfly flaps 87 and 88 of FIG. 8, could be used with the
structure of FIG. 7. The techniques used in the manufacture and
filling of the tetrahedral container are well known in the art. For
example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,299,605 relates to the making of
containers from a web of material and 3,482,491 and 3,577,301
disclose the production of tetrahedral hollow articles.
A band-like web of material 92 is continuously withdrawn from a
rotable supply roll 91, which is mounted in fixed bearings. As
previously noted, the material should possess a certain degree of
stiffness combined with a minimum tendency to crease and to tear,
because of the requirements in using the material for a container
and because of the stresses which the web of material experiences
during the forming operation. The material is therefore preferably
a paper coated with polyethylene or the like.
The web 92 travels over a horizontal guide roller 93 from which it
is drawn downwards to be formed into a tube. The material is
deflected into the form of a tube by two deflecting rods 94a and
94b and a ring 95. The two roughly horizontally and relatively
angularly disposed rods preshape the web to enable it to easily
slide through the ring 95 to from the completed tube. The
deflecting rods 94a and 94b do not make contact and as illustrated
in FIG. 9, their converging ends are extended in the form of two
relatively spaced parallel terminal sections. This arrangement
permits the rear arch formed by the material during its deflection
to freely expand without the formation of a permanent crease.
The tube is filled with a liquid such as a dairy product, through
the filling tube 96 which extends down into the region in which the
tube has been shaped into a tube. The seam must of course be
sealed, as by heat sealing, in a region above the outlet end of the
filling tube 96. The seam sealing means can be positioned in the
region between the deflecting rods 94a and 95b, and the ring
95.
The formed tube continues to travel in the direction indicated by
the arrows and at predetermined intervals the two heat sealing jaws
103 are brought together. The jaws 103 are heated, for example
electrically, and upon being brought together transfer their heat
to zones of the tube 101 trapped therebetween and thus cause
welding together of the zones to form the seams 104a and 104b.
The tube 101 continues its downward travel at a further
predetermined interval, the heat sealing jaws 105 are brought
together to form a transverse seam 106 and create a pair of
tetrahedral containers 107 and 108.
At any desired point in time, the continuous strip of tetrahedral
containers can be cut into a plurality of individual containers.
The pair of cutting jaws 110 and 111 are brought together to form a
straight cut across the seal 106. Another pair of cutting jaws (one
of which is shown) are brought together to form the cut between the
seals 104a and 104b.
The cutting jaw 112, has a complex cutting edge. The contour of the
cutting edge is determined by the type of flap edge which is
desired. The cutting blade 114 will produce a flap edge of the type
illustrated in FIG. 1. The wing like regions 115 of the cutting
blade 114 are required in order to permit the flaps to be separated
and pulled apart.
It is noted that the region between the heat seals 104a and 104b
can contain trapped liquid. The use of resilient, compressible pads
118, in the heat sealing jaws 103, tends to force liquid out of the
region between the heat seals 104a and 104b, but if required, the
region can be further cleared of residual liquid. For example, a
forced air or liquid stream can be used to both open the pair of
flaps which have been formed and to remove the residual liquid.
* * * * *