U.S. patent number 3,734,184 [Application Number 05/154,371] was granted by the patent office on 1973-05-22 for method of in situ coal gasification.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Cities Service Oil Company. Invention is credited to J. O. Scott.
United States Patent |
3,734,184 |
Scott |
May 22, 1973 |
METHOD OF IN SITU COAL GASIFICATION
Abstract
A method for distilling coal in situ through gasification to
recover hydrocarbons and a calorific value gas by treating a
rubblized bed of coal underground. A rubblized bed of coal is
produced from the surface through wells or shafts sealed to convey
fluids under high pressure to or from the coal bed. Superheated
steam is injected into the chamber while volatized hydrocarbons and
gaseous reaction products are simultaneously withdrawn. Subsequent
to the removal of the volatile hydrocarbons, air is injected so as
to initiate combustion of the remaining char and increase the
chamber temperature to from about 1200.degree.F. to about
2000.degree.F. Air injection is then suspended with water or low
temperature steam being introduced into the hot char in order to
form superheated steam which is withdrawn and injected into a new
rubblized chamber of coal to repeat the process.
Inventors: |
Scott; J. O. (Tulsa, OK) |
Assignee: |
Cities Service Oil Company
(Tulsa, OK)
|
Family
ID: |
22551097 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/154,371 |
Filed: |
June 18, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
166/259; 166/261;
48/DIG.6; 166/247; 48/210 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E21B
43/243 (20130101); E21B 43/247 (20130101); Y10S
48/06 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E21B
43/243 (20060101); E21B 43/16 (20060101); E21B
43/247 (20060101); E21b 043/24 (); E21b
043/26 () |
Field of
Search: |
;48/202,197R,210,DIG.6
;166/261,259,256,247,271,272 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Novosad; Stephen J.
Claims
Therefore, I claim:
1. A process for the in situ recovery of volatile hydrocarbons and
a synthetic gas having a high calorific energy value from a
subterranean coal deposit, which comprises:
a. completing one or more wells within the coal deposit;
b. rubblizing the coal deposit about one of said wells;
c. introducing superheated steam into the rubblized coal deposit
through one of said wells;
d. producing volatized hydrocarbons and a synthetized gas, having a
high calorific energy value, from the rubblized coal deposit
through one of said wells;
e. burning the rubblized coal deposit through air introduction via
one of said wells subsequent to depletion of the hydrocarbons;
and
f. introducing water via one of said wells into the burned coal
deposit in order to form superheated steam.
2. The process of claim 1 in which:
a. the superheated steam has a temperature of from about
1200.degree.F. to about 2000.degree.F.; and
b. the rubblized coal deposit is burned to raise the temperature
therein to from about 1200.degree.F. to about 2000.degree.F.
3. The process of claim 2 in which at least two wells are completed
within the coal deposit, one or more wells being utilized as
injection wells and one or more wells being utilized as production
wells.
4. The process of claim 3 further comprising the continued
introduction of air and water and the production of steam until the
coal deposit is consumed.
5. The process of claim 1 further comprising repeating steps (c)
through (f) until no further hydrocarbon or synthetic gas
production is achieved.
6. The process of claim 1 further comprising recovering through one
of said wells the superheated steam produced in step (f) and
injecting it into another rubblized coal deposit.
7. The process of claim 6 in which:
a. the superheated steam has a temperature of from about
1200.degree.F. to about 2000.degree.F.; and
b. the rubblized coal deposit is burned to raise the temperature
therein to from about 1200.degree.F. to about 2000.degree.F.
8. The process of claim 7 in which at least two wells are completed
within the coal deposit, one or more wells being utilized as
injection wells and one or more wells being utilized as production
wells.
9. The process of claim 8 further comprising the continued
introduction of air and water, and the production of steam until
the coal deposit is consumed.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to the in situ combustion of a coal seam for
the recovery of volatile hydrocarbons and a synthetic-calorific
value gas. More particularly, the present invention is a method for
producing volatile hydrocarbons from a rubblized zone of coal
through the initial injection of a steam stream, with subsequent
combustion of the coal zone, introduction of water in the burned
zone and subsequent production of steam for the sustenance of the
steam production for continued volatile hydrocarbon removal.
The production of coal energy by the use of wells through
underground mining has been a continual subject of interest in the
field of energy production. Coal gasification by use of above
ground retorting is an old art, one of the better known methods
being the Lurgi process developed in Germany prior to World War II.
By this method, oxygen and steam are simultaneously injected into a
field retort and upon combustion, an energy content gas, having
values sufficient for commercial usage, and coal tar liquids are
produced.
The idea of underground gasification is not new, however, many
technological advances have been proposed. Efforts were primarily
confined to the advancement of theory until substantial work and
testing was done in Russia. Most of the Russian work involved
considerable underground mining and construction in an effort to
provide a passageway of air through the coal. Some efforts involved
breaking up the coal underground to provide adequate air passage.
The amount of evacuation encountered in this process is tremendous.
Eventually, the art progresses to the drilling of holes into coal
seams and charging the hole with dynamite. As the burning front
progresses through the stratuum, the charges are automatically set
off in an effort to break up and crush the coal and render the
segment of the bed more permeable. This results in irregularities
too great to sustain continued gas flow, with the gas produced
containing large amounts of air, which considerably lowers the
heating value of the produced gas. As this process is far too
expensive and limited in scope, a shaft and borehole mining
combination was devised for employment with steeply sloping seams
near outcrops. In addition to being limited exclusively to deeply
pitched beds, this process also required a large amount of
excavation and mining.
Therefore, what is required is a method for gasification of coal
for recovery of volatile hydrocarbons and gaseous
synthetic-calorific value gases from subterranean coal
deposits.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for
the combustion of underground coal beds.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a method
by which a rubblized zone of coal may be formed for subsequent
steam injection for the recovery of volatile hydrocarbons and a
synthetic calorific value gas.
It is still a further object of the present invention to provide a
method by which volatile hydrocarbons and a synthetic-calorific
value gas are obtained through the introduction of steam into a
rubblized coal zone with subsequent combustion of the rubblized
coal zone and further production of steam therefrom.
With these and other objects in mind, the present invention may be
more fully understood through referral to the accompanying drawing
and following description.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The objects of the present invention are accomplished through
utilization of a process for the in situ recovery of volatile
hydrocarbons and a synthetic gas having a high calorific energy
value from a subterranean coal deposit. The process comprises
completing one or more wells within a coal deposit and rubblizing
the coal deposit about the well. Subsequent to rubblization,
superheated steam is introduced into the rubblized coal deposit
through the well with subsequent production of volatized
hydrocarbons and a synthetic gas, having a high calorific energy
value, from the rubblized coal deposit, through the well.
Subsequent to hydrocarbon production, the rubblized coal deposit is
burned and water introduced into the burned rubblized coal deposit
in order to form a superheated steam.
It is preferred that the superheated steam have a temperature of
from about 1200.degree.F. to about 2000.degree.F. with the
rubblized coal deposit being burned to raise the temperature
therein from about 1200.degree.F. to about 2000.degree.F.
Generally, it is preferred that at least two wells are completed
within the coal deposit, with one well being utilized as an
injection well and the other being utilized as a production well.
The process of production of volatile hydrocarbons, burning, and
introduction of water to form superheated steam may be repeated
until no further depletion of hydrocarbon or synthetized gas
production is achieved. It is a further preferred embodiment of the
present invention that the superheated steam produced from the
burned rubblized coal deposit be produced and injected into another
rubblized coal deposit from which volatile hydrocarbons and
synthetic gas may be produced.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The present invention may be more readily understood by referral to
the accompanying drawing in which a subterranean coal deposit is
depicted with the process of the present invention practiced
therein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Disclosed herein is a method for distilling coal in situ to recover
hydrocarbons and a synthetic gas having a high calorific energy
content. The resulting residual char remaining after the volatile
hydrocarbons and synthetic gas are removed is utilized to produce
steam for the sustenance of the process of the present invention.
The initial step in the process of the present invention is to
create a rubblized bed of coal underground through one or more
completed wells drilled within the coal deposit. The initial step
may be accomplished by any fracturing technique, for example by
drilling a hole to a position below the coal seam and detonating a
nuclear explosive, or drilling a hole or shaft below a coal seam,
enlarging it to a chamber under the coal seam and fragmenting the
overlying coal by detonation of conventional explosives. The
rubblized bed is connected to the surface through one or more wells
or shafts sealed to permit high pressure fluids to pass between the
surface and the coal bed. As the chamber of rubblized coal is
formed, superheated steam, having a temperature of from about
1200.degree.F. to about 2000.degree.F., is injected into the
chamber with the volatized hydrocarbons and gaseous reaction
products withdrawn. Generally, the synthetic gas formed is a
water-gas shift reaction product as described in the following
chemical equations:
C + H.sub.2 O.fwdarw. H.sub.2 + CO; and
2C + 2H.sub.2 O.fwdarw. CH.sub.4 + CO.sub.2.
A separate conduit may be provided to withdraw condensed steam. The
withdrawn hydrocarbons and gaseous products of methane, hydrogen,
carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide may be combined to produce
pipeline gas by further conventional synthesis reactors at the
surface.
Subsequent to the initial steaming of the rubblized coal deposit,
air is injected so as to initiate combustion of the remaining char
and increase chamber temperatures to within the range of about
1200.degree.F. to about 2000.degree.F. Air injection is then ceased
and water or low temperature steam is injected so as to produce
superheated steam by contacting the hot char and other solids in
the chamber. The superheated steam produced may be utilized to
further produce volatile hydrocarbons and synthetic gas from the
rubblized coal chamber or may be withdrawn from the rubblized
chamber or coal bed deposit to repeat the process within a freshly
rubblized coal zone. Combustion air injection may be continuously
alternated with water injection to maintain the chamber at the
desired steam generation temperature until all char is
consumed.
The present invention may be more fully understood by referral to
the accompanying FIGURE in which a subterranean coal deposit 13 is
being depleted of its hydrocarbon and calorific value through
utilization of the process of the present invention. An injection
well 30 is completed from the earth's surface 11 through overburden
rock 12 into the coal deposit 13 by the cement completion 15 of a
liner 14 having perforations 16 completed in the coal deposit 13.
Injection well 30 is outfitted with a wellhead 17 having multiple
injection means comprising an air injection system in which air 21
may be compressed by pump 20 with controlled air introduction
through air line 18 into wellhead 17, for example by air valve 19.
In conjunction with the air injection means are means for injecting
steam and water comprising a water injection line 22 having a steam
head 24 connected thereto with a steam control valve 23 through
which steam 25 may be introduced upon demand. The water injection
line 22 also contains a liquid water line 27 controlled through
liquid water valve 26 connected to a water tank 28 having liquid
water 29 contained therein.
Extending into the rubblized coal deposit 13 is a production well
31 comprising a liner 32 completed by cement 33 from the earth's
surface 11, through overburden rock 12 and into the rubblized coal
deposit 13. The liner 32 has perforations 34 completed within the
rubblized coal deposit 13. The production well 31 is completed with
wellhead 35, having gas-liquid separator 36 connected thereto such
that gaseous overhead products 37 and liquid reformate 38 are
produced.
In the normal utilization of the process of the present invention
for the in situ recovery of volatile hydrocarbons and gas having a
high calorific energy value from the subterranean coal deposit,
generally, the injection wells 30 and 31 are completed within the
coal deposit 13. The coal deposit is rubblized about the well by
hydraulic fracturing, nuclear stimulation, explosive stimulation or
other means so that superheated steam 25 may be introduced into the
rubblized coal deposit through steam valve 23, steam line 24, water
line 22, injection wellhead 17, injection well 30 and into the coal
deposit 13. As the steam contacts the rubblized coal 13, volatile
hydrocarbons and a synthetized gas formed through a water-gas shift
reaction are produced through perforation 34 and the production
well 31 so that volatilized hydrocarbons and synthetized gas are
produced through the wellhead 35 and separated in a gas-liquid
separator 36 into liquid hydrocarbons and synthetized gas.
Subsequent to depletion of the hydrocarbons and synthetized gas
through steam injection, air is introduced into the rubblized coal
deposit 13 through pump 20, control valve 19, air line 18, wellhead
17, injection well 30, and perforations 16. It is preferred that
the temperature be raised from about 1200.degree.F. to about
2000.degree.F. in order to provide an activated char into which
water 29 is injected. Superheated steam is formed from water
contact with the burned char produced through perforations 34 and
wellhead 35 of production well 31 and separated into a superheated
steam stream and water separated as a liquid stream.
The process of the present invention may further comprise repeating
the steps of introduction of superheated steam, the burning of the
coal deposit and the introduction of water and production of steam
therefrom for further production of volatile hydrocarbons and
synthetized gas from the coal deposit and for the complete
depletion of the coal deposit. The process may also comprise the
production of the super-heated steam and its reintroduction into a
rubblized coal zone of another injection well pattern. Generally,
it is preferred that the superheated steam be utilized in a cyclic
reintroduction into other rubblized coal deposits and have a
temperature fraom about 1200.degree.F. to about 2000.degree.F. in
order to adequately rubblize the hydrocarbons and cause the
water-gas shift reaction to occur within the rubblized zone. In the
preferred embodiment of the present invention, the simultaneous
introduction of air into the rubblized coal may be utilized; in
order to both burn, char and simultaneously form superheated steam
until the coal deposit is consumed.
Therefore, the present invention as it applies to the art of in
situ combustion of coal deposits provides a significant process for
the total depletion of hydrocarbon content and energy value from a
coal deposit in order that greater coal consumption and energy
derivation may be obtained. The invention enhances the art of in
situ combustion of coal deposits by presenting an economic method
for the combustion and reclamation of energy from these
deposits.
While the invention has been described above with respect to
certain embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled
in the art that various changes and modifications may be made
without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set
forth herein.
* * * * *