U.S. patent number 3,734,181 [Application Number 05/127,921] was granted by the patent office on 1973-05-22 for corrosion reducing apparatus for a producing oil well or the like.
Invention is credited to Donald U. Shaffer.
United States Patent |
3,734,181 |
Shaffer |
May 22, 1973 |
CORROSION REDUCING APPARATUS FOR A PRODUCING OIL WELL OR THE
LIKE
Abstract
The corrosion reducing apparatus for a producing oil well has
the positive terminals of three substantially discharged batteries
connected respectively to the pump rod, the casing head, and the
casing of the oil well; and has the negative terminals of the
batteries connected to a rod driven into the ground. The pump rod
is provided with a split zinc jacket around the short tube between
pup joints, and a latch-on bow spring around the jacket to secure
the jacket to the rod for insertion into a tube in the well
whereupon the bow spring engages the tube to electrically connect
the rod to the tube.
Inventors: |
Shaffer; Donald U. (Whittier,
CA) |
Family
ID: |
22432640 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/127,921 |
Filed: |
March 25, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
166/65.1;
166/902 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F04B
47/00 (20130101); E21B 41/02 (20130101); Y10S
166/902 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E21B
41/02 (20060101); F04B 47/00 (20060101); E21B
41/00 (20060101); E16 () |
Field of
Search: |
;166/65,244C |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Leppink; James A.
Claims
I claim:
1. A corrosion reducing apparatus for reducing the corrosion of a
producing oil well or the like, having well casing, tubing and rod
member extending into the ground and exposed to ground water
therein, due to eddy currents caused by the motion of the
associated oil well pumping apparatus, comprising
at least a pair of elements, the first of which is of a material
having a high oxidation potential and the second of which is of a
material having a lower oxidation potential,
an electrolytic solution,
means for mounting the elements in the electrolytic solution,
means for electrically connecting the first element to at least one
of the oil well casing, tubing and rod members, and
means electrically connecting the second element to ground.
2. The apparatus as in claim 1 wherein a generally discharged
battery, having positive and negative terminals, provides the
elements, the electrolytic solution, and the mounting means, the
positive terminal of the battery being electrically connected to
one of the oil well casing, tubing and rod members and the negative
terminal being grounded.
3. The apparatus as in claim 1 wherein the first element is
provided as a jacket about and in both physical and electrical
contact with one of said casing tubing and rod members.
4. A corrosion reducing apparatus for reducing the corrosion of a
producing oil well or the like, extending into the ground and
exposed to ground water therein, due to eddy currents caused by the
motion of the associated oil well pumping apparatus, wherein the
oil well includes a tube extending into the ground and exposed to
ground water, and the pumping apparatus of the oil well includes a
pumping rod centrally located in the tubing and reciprocating
therein to pump the oil, comprising
at least a pair of elements, the first of which is of a material
having a high oxidation potential and the second of which is of a
material having a lower oxidation potential, wherein the first
element is a jacket surrounding the rod in electrical contact
therewith; wherein the second element surrounds the jacket in
electrical contact with the tubing;
an electrolytic solution provided by the ground water in the oil in
the tubing,
means mounting the elements in the electrolytic solution,
means electrically connecting the first element to a portion of the
oil well, and
means electrically connecting the second element to ground.
5. The apparatus as in claim 4 wherein the jacket is split to mount
around the rod, and wherein the second element is a spring which
mounts around the split jacket to secure the jacket to the rod,
said spring extending outwardly into engagement with the
tubing.
6. A method of reducing corrosion of an operating oil well having
well casing tubing and rod members extending into the ground and
being exposed to ground water therein, comprising the steps of:
providing a pair of elements in an electrolytic solution, the first
of said elements being made of a material having a higher oxidation
potential than the material of the second of said elements;
electrically connecting the first of said elements to at least one
of the oil well casing, tubing and rod members; and
electrically connecting the second of said elements to ground.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the step of providing a pair of
elements in an electrolytic solution includes the step of providing
a generally discharged battery including a positive and a negative
terminal, and wherein the step of electrically connecting the first
element includes the step of connecting at least one wire between
the oil well casing, tubing or rod member and the positive terminal
of the battery and the step of electrically connecting the second
element includes the step of connecting a wire between the negative
terminal and the ground.
8. A method of reducing corrosion of an operating oil well
extending into the ground and being exposed to ground water
therein, due to eddy currents caused by the motion of the oil well
pumping apparatus, comprising the steps of:
providing a pair of elements in an electrolytic solution, the first
of said elements being made of a material having a higher oxidation
potential than the material of the second of said elements;
electrically connecting the first of said elements to the oil well;
and
electrically connecting the second of said elements to ground,
wherein the step of providing a pair of elements includes the step
of locating a jacket of the high oxidation potential material about
a reciprocating rod from the pumping apparatus, and locating a
spring of the low oxidation potential material in electrical
contact with a tubing.
9. The method of claim 9 wherein the step of locating the jacket
about a reciprocating rod includes the step of spliting the jacket
into two halves, and placing these halves around the rod, and
wherein the step of locating the spring includes the steps of
mounting the spring about the halves of the jacket to secure the
jacket to the rod and inserting the rod, with the jacket and spring
thereon, into the tube whereupon the spring engages the tube in
electrical contact therewith while the jacket is in electrical
contact with the rod, said electrolytic solution being the ground
water in the tubing.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to wells, and more particularly to a
corrosion reducing apparatus and method for wells.
All wells have corrosion problems because they have corrodable
metal parts and a corroding agent, usually ground water, to attack
the metal parts. The corrosion problem is particularly acute in a
producing oil well, because such wells not only have metal parts
exposed to ground water, but also because such wells have a pump
rod which reciprocates relative to the tubing of the casing,
producing static electricity which initiates and aids the corrosion
process.
The corrosion that causes most problems in a producing oil well is
corrosion on the pump rod itself. The pump rod, as it reciprocates
in the casing tube to operate the pump, is surrounded by an oil and
water mixture which aided by static electricity attacks the surface
of the rod. After a period of time, this corrosion sufficiently
weakens the rod, so that it must be replaced. Even before the
corrosion requires replacement of the rod, the corrosion gouges the
surface of the rod to in turn chew the sealing surfaces of the oil
well packing around the rod. After a sufficient length of time, the
packing also must be replaced. Of course, while the rod and packing
are being replaced, the well is not producing, and thus the
corrosion causes not only the cost of the replacement parts, but
also the cost of down time of the well. These two costs make the
corrosion of the pump rod a very expensive problem.
Likewise, corrosion attacks the tube into which the rod extends.
This corrosion will eventually eat through the tube and allow some
of the oil pumped therein to escape into the casing. When the
corrosion openings become large, too much of the oil being pumped
escapes into the casing and the tube must be either repaired or
replaced. Either course of action is expensive. Additionally many
other parts of the oil well are subject to corrosion, and so must
be replaced periodically adding to the expense caused by
corrosion.
I have found that the corrosion occurring in a producing oil well
can be reduced by the corrosion reducing apparatus, which is
disclosed in this patent application. This corrosion reducing
apparatus therefore substantially reduces the cost of pumping oil
by reducing the down time and parts replacement due to
corrosion.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Therefore it is the principal object of this invention to provide a
novel corrosion apparatus and method for use in a producing oil
well or the like.
Other and additional objects of this invention are to provide such
an apparatus which can operate internally and/or externally of the
well, to provide such an apparatus which is inexpensive to make and
which utilizes an existing product as the primary component part,
to provide such an apparatus which is easily installed on the oil
well and which does not obstruct with the pumping operations of the
oil well, and to provide such an apparatus which is effective to
reduce corrosion and thereby decrease the expense of producing oil
in an operating oil well.
Generally, the corrosion reducing apparatus according to this
invention for reducing the corrosion of a producing oil well
includes, at least a pair of elements, the first of which is of a
material having a high oxidation potential, and the second of which
is of a material having a lower oxidation potential, an
electrolytic solution, means mounting the elements in the
electrolytic solution, means electrically connecting the first
element to the oil well, and means electrically connecting the
second element to ground to provide a path to ground for the eddy
currents caused by the motion of the associated oil well pumping
mechanism. A generally discharged battery having positive and
negative terminals may provide the elements, the electrolytic
solution and the mounting means with the positive terminal being
electrically connected to the oil well, and the negative terminal
being connected to ground. A split zinc jacket may be provided
about the rod of the pumping mechanism in electrical contact
therewith with an aluminum spring surrounding the jacket to secure
the jacket to the rod while the arms of the spring extend to
electrically contact the tube of the casing.
Generally stated, the method of reducing corrosion in a producing
oil well according to this invention includes the steps of:
providing a pair of elements in an electrolytic solution, the first
of the elements being made of material having a higher oxidation
potential than the material of the second of said elements;
electrically connecting the first element to the oil well and
electrically connecting the second element to ground, The step of
providing a pair of elements in electrolytic solution may include
the step of providing a generally discharged battery and the step
of electrically connecting the first element may include the step
connecting a wire between the oil well and the positive battery
terminal, and the step of electrically connecting the second
element may include the step of electrically connecting the second
element may include the stp of connecting the wire between the
negative terminal and ground. The step of providing a pair of
elements may include the steps of locating a split jacket of a
material of high oxidation potential around the moving rod of the
pumping mechanism and locating a spring of a material of low
oxidation potential around the jacket to secure the jacket to the
rod, inserting the rod with the jacket and spring thereon into the
tube, whereupon the spring arms electrically engage the tube to
provide a path to ground
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary side elevational view of a producing oil
well having a corrosion preventing apparatus, according to this
invention, installed thereon.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged side elevational view of a portion of FIG.
1.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the plane
III--III of FIG. 1, and
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the plane IV--IV of
FIG. 3.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to the figures, and particularly to FIG. 1, an
operating oil well is generally denoted by the numeral 10. The
illustrative operating oil well 10 is located on the surface of
ground 11 for pumping oil 12 from an oil well 10 deep underground.
Many times, the underground oil pool 12 is located on the surface
of a ground water pool 13, and always the ground 11 over the oil
pool 12 contains ground water 13 so that a producing oil well 10
pumps a mixture of oil 12 and water 13, which remain heterogeneous
though mixed. The heterogeneous character of the mixture aids the
corrosive action of the ground water 13 to corrode the oil well
apparatus 10. The apparatus of the producing oil well 10 is
composed of two main types, a casing assembly 15 and a pumping
assembly 30.
The casing assembly 15 of the producing oil well 10 is typical and
includes a generally vertical casing 16 sunk into the well hole in
the ground 11. The casing 16 is provided with two horizontal casing
pipes 17 to provide pressure relief, if needed. The upper end of
the casing 16 is closed by a "Christmas tree," typically a casing
head 18 having a tube hanger flange 19 thereover. Tubing 20 depends
from the flange 19 and a T-joint 21 rises from the flange 19. The
laterally opening juncture of the T-joint has a production line 22
therein for conducting the oil raised by the pumping apparatus 30
into storage tanks and the upwardly opening juncture of the T-joint
21 has a stuffing box 23 mounted thereon.
The pumping assembly 30 of the producing oil well 10 typically
includes a concrete base 31 on which an engine or motor 32 is
mounted. The base 31 also mounts supporting structure 33. for a
walking beam 34. One end of the walking beam 34 has a driving arm
35 extending therefrom to the engine or motor 32 and the other end
of the walking beam has a head 36. The head 36 has one end of a
pair of cables 37 secured thereto with the other end of the cables
37 extending downward to receive a sucker rod elevator 38 which is
secured thereto by clamps 39. The sucker rod elevator 38 has a
pumping rod 40 extending through a central hole, with a rod clamp
41 securing the pumping rod 40 to the sucker rod elevator 38. The
pumping rod 40 is made up of a series of individual rods, joined
together by pup joints 42 and short takes 43 between the pup joints
42.
The pumping rod 40 of the oil well pumping assembly 30 extends
through the stuffing box 23 and into the tubing 20 of the casing
assembly 15 until reaching the oil pool at the bottom of the well
where a pump (not shown) is attached thereto. The pump is located
in the oil, and lifts an oil and water mixture up the tubing 20 in
response to vertical reciprocal motion of the rod 40, caused by the
walking beam 34 driven by the motor 32. As the rod 40 reciprocates
vertically in the tubing 20, static electricity is produced on the
surfaces of the tubing 20 and the rod 40 which causes eddy
currents. These eddy currents, aid the mixture of oil and water to
corrode the surfaces of both the rod 40 and the tubing 20 until one
or both need to be replaced.
The corrosion reducing apparatus 50, according to this invention is
for reducing the above-described corrosion in the producing oil
well 10. Generally, the apparatus 50 includes a high oxidation
potential element 51, a low oxidation potential element 60, an
electrolytic solution 70, mounting means 80 for mounting the
elements 51 and 60 in the electrolytic solution 70, and electrical
connecting means 90 for electrically connecting the elements 51 and
60 to the oil well apparatus 15 and 30 and the ground 11
respectively. The corrosion reducing apparatus 50 thereby provides
a path to ground for the static electricity and eddy currents
produced by the motion of the oil well pumping apparatus 30.
Basically, the corrosion reducing apparatus 50 according to this
invention is shown in two illustrative forms. The external form is
illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, and an internal form is illustrated
in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4.
Referring now to FIG. 1, the external form of the corrosion
reducing apparatus 50 includes the provision of substantially
discharged batteries. In such a battery, the high oxidation
potential element 51 is a plurality of zinc plates 52, and the low
oxidation potential element 60 is a like plurality of lead plates
61. The electrolytic solution 70 is battery acid 71 and mounting
means 80 is the battery case 81. The battery case 81 mounts the
zinc plates 52 in interdigitating relationship with the lead plates
61 in the battery acid 71, as is well known.
The electrical connecting means 90 of the external form of the
corrosion reducing apparatus 50 includes a positive terminal 91 of
the battery which is connected to the zinc plates 52, and a
negative terminal 92 of the battery which is connected to the lead
plates 61. The electrical connecting means 90 also includes a wire
93 having a battery terminal end 94, and a clip end 95. As seen in
FIGS. 1 and 2, a wire 93 extends from the positive terminal 91 of
three batteries in a battery rack respectively to the rod 40, to
the tubing hanger flange 19, and to the tubing 20 to electrically
connect the positive terminal 91 to the batteries to the producing
oil well 10. Another wire 93 extends from the negative terminal 92
to a rod 96 driven into the ground 11, to complete the external
form of the corrosion reducing apparatus 50. Any eddy currents
produced by relative motion between the rod 40 and the tubing 20
are conducted through the battery and into the ground where they
are dissipated.
The internal form of the corrosion reducing apparatus 50 is best
seen in FIGS. 3 and 4. The internal form of the corrosion reducing
apparatus 50 illustratively includes a zinc jacket 53 as the high
oxidation potential element 51. The zinc jacket 53 is generally
cylindrical with a cylindrical bore 54, and upper and lower
external annular grooves 55. The jacket 53 is split at 56 into the
two halves enabling the jacket 53 to be mounted around the short
take 43 without separating the pup joints 42.
The low oxidation potential element 60 of the internal form of
corrosion reducing apparatus 50 is a spring 62 having upper and
lower rings 63 between which bowed arms 64 extend. The rings 63 are
split and so sized as to snap into the angular grooves 55 of the
jacket 53 to secure the two halves of the jacket 53 around the
short take 43 between the pup joints 42, and additionally to secure
the spring 62 thereto.
After the spring 62 and the jacket 53 are secured to the rod 40, it
is inserted into the tubing 20. The bowed arm 54 of the spring 62
engage the sides of the tubing 20 for electrical contact therewith.
The jacket 53 is in electrical contact with the rod 40 to provide
an electrical path between the tubing 20 and the rod 40 to ground.
During pumping, the mixture of oil and ground water being lifted up
the tubing 20 acts as the electrolytic solution between the spring
62 and the jacket 53 to pass the static electricity and eddy
currents to ground where they are dissipated, as before.
It should be noted that the element 50 could be secured to the rod
40 and the element 60 could be secured to the tubing 20, with
spring arms extending between the elements 50 and 60 to provide the
electrical contact therebetween, but such assembly would be harder
to accomplish than the illustrated assembly.
Thus, the corrosion reducing apparatus 50, according to this
invention, provides a path to ground for the eddy currents and
static electricity produced by the reciprocal motion of a producing
oil well to reduce the corrosion on the oil well apparatus,
especially on the pumping rod 40 and on the tubing 20.
* * * * *