U.S. patent number 3,734,135 [Application Number 05/177,640] was granted by the patent office on 1973-05-22 for heat exchanger with internal turbulator.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Modine Manufacturing Company. Invention is credited to James A. Mosier.
United States Patent |
3,734,135 |
Mosier |
May 22, 1973 |
HEAT EXCHANGER WITH INTERNAL TURBULATOR
Abstract
A tubular heat exchanger having a fluid flow tube with
transverse minor and major dimensions and an elongated agitator fin
turbulator in the tube also having minor and major dimensions in
which the minor dimension of the turbulator spans the minor
dimension of the tube and the major dimension of the turbulator is
less than the major dimension of the tube but with the turbulator
in its major dimension contacting opposite sides of the interior of
the tube in its major dimension at contact areas spaced from each
other along the length of the turbulator. In one preferred form the
turbulator is bowed with the two ends of the turbulator in contact
with one side of the tube relative to the major dimension, an
intermediate point of the turbulator contacting the other side of
the tube and the thickness or minor dimension of the turbulator
extending across the minor dimension of the tube.
Inventors: |
Mosier; James A. (Racine,
WI) |
Assignee: |
Modine Manufacturing Company
(Racine, WI)
|
Family
ID: |
22649376 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/177,640 |
Filed: |
September 3, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
138/38;
165/134.1; 165/149; 165/177 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F28F
13/12 (20130101); F28F 1/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F28F
13/12 (20060101); F28F 1/02 (20060101); F28F
13/00 (20060101); F15d 001/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;138/38,37
;165/177,179,149 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Ross; Herbert F.
Claims
I claim:
1. A tubular heat exchanger with a turbulator therein offering low
resistance to internal fluid flow, comprising: a fluid flow tube
having inside surfaces and transverse minor and major dimensions;
and an elongated internal agitator fin turbulator in said tube also
having transverse minor and major dimensions and substantially
completely spanning said tube interior in the minor dimension and
only partially spanning said tube interior in the major dimension,
said turbulator contacting said inside surfaces on opposite sides
of said tube in said major dimension only at contact areas spaced
from each other along the length of said turbulator, the turbulator
being otherwise substantially out of contact with said inside
surfaces of said tube in said major dimension.
2. The heat exchanger of claim 1 wherein said turbulator in said
major dimension is about 50-75 percent of the corresponding major
dimension of said tube.
3. The heat exchanger of claim 1 wherein said contact areas
comprise a pair of said areas on one side of said turbulator and an
intermediate area on the other side of said turbulator.
4. The heat exchanger of claim 3 wherein said turbulator is bowed
between said pair of areas to include said intermediate area.
5. The heat exchanger of claim 3 wherein said intermediate area is
substantially equally spaced between said pair of areas.
6. The heat exchanger of claim 5 wherein said pair of areas are
located at opposite ends of said turbulator.
7. The heat exchanger of claim 6 wherein said turbulator is bowed
between said pair of areas to include said intermediate area.
8. The heat exchanger of claim 1 wherein said turbulator comprises
a metal sheet with spaced integral strips extending laterally of
the sheet in the minor dimension and contacting said tube.
9. A tubular heat exchanger with a turbulator therein offering low
resistance to internal fluid flow, comprising: a fluid flow tube
having inside surfaces and transverse minor and major dimensions;
and an elongated internal agitator fin turbulator in said tube also
having transverse minor and major dimensions and substantially
completely spanning said tube interior in the minor dimension and
only partially spanning said tube interior in the major dimension,
said turbulator contacting said inside surfaces on opposite sides
of said tube in said major dimension at contact areas spaced from
each other along the length of said turbulator, the turbulator
being otherwise substantially out of contact with said inside
surfaces of said tube in said major dimension, said contact areas
comprising a pair of said areas on one side of said turbulator and
an intermediate area on the other side of said turbulator and said
turbulator is bowed between said pair of areas to include said
intermediate area and said intermediate area is substantially
equally spaced between said pair of areas.
10. The heat exchanger of claim 9 wherein said pair of areas are
located at opposite ends of said turbulator.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The field of the invention is in fluid heat exchangers in which a
liquid is conducted through one or more tubes with each having a
fin turbulator or agitator therein for improving heat transfer and
with a fluid, either gas or liquid, being in contact with the outer
surface of the tube for heat transfer through the wall of the tube
or tubes. In general, the internal turbulators increase the flow
resistance of the liquid through the tube so that the fluid flow
characteristics are sacrificed to a certain extent for improved
heat transfer performance. The heat exchanger of this invention
with its internal turbulator achieves improved heat transfer
performance with relatively minor restriction to flow of the liquid
through the tube and the turbulator. Thus the heat exchanger of
this invention improves heat transfer performance without
materially affecting the liquid flow characteristics through the
tube and in addition reduces the amount of material used to make
the turbulator.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
A prior U.S. Pat. is Reissue No. 20,016 which discloses a
refrigerating coil heat exchanger having tubes with major and minor
transverse dimensions and an internal turbulator with major and
minor dimensions. Here, however, the arrangement of the turbulator
with respect to the tube is just opposite to that of the present
invention in that the turbulator spans the tube in the major
dimension rather than the minor and contacts opposite sides of the
tube in the minor dimension rather than the major dimension of the
present invention. In this prior patent therefore the restriction
to flow is more pronounced than in the present invention. In
addition, in the present invention a preferred type of turbulator
is much more effective than the perforated metal sheet type of
turbulator of this reference.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a flat tube heat exchanger
embodying the invention and with the elongated internal agitator
fin turbulator being shown in broken lines.
FIG. 2 is an end elevational view of the heat exchanger of FIG.
1.
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary plan view of a preferred turbulator.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially along line
4--4 of FIG. 3.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In the heat exchanger 10 shown in the accompanying drawings there
is an elongated fluid flow tube 11 having transverse minor and
major dimensions. In the illustrated embodiment the minor dimension
is the dimension between the side walls 12 while the major
dimension is the distance between the end or edge walls 13. As can
be seen from FIG. 2, the tube 11 is of roughly oval or elliptical
shape as is customary in the heat transfer art with the side walls
12 being substantially parallel to each other.
The heat exchanger also includes an elongated internal agitator fin
turbulator 14 also having minor and major dimensions. Thus the
major dimension is the distance between the top and bottom edges 15
and 16, respectively, while the minor dimension is the thickness of
the turbulator. Thus in FIG. 3 the major dimension is the distance
between the edges 15 and 16 while the minor dimension as shown in
FIG. 4 is the thickness between the opposite surfaces 17 and
18.
The turbulator 14 within the tube 11 spans the interior of the tube
in the minor dimension in that the surfaces 17 and 18 are in heat
transfer contact with the interior surfaces of the side walls 12.
The turbulator is shorter than the tube interior in the major
dimension which as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 is the vertical
height. The turbulator 14 contacts the opposite sides or end walls
13 of the tube in the tube major dimension at contact areas spaced
from each other along the length of the turbulator. Thus in the
embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 the turbulator 14 is in
contact with the bottom end or edge wall 13 at the opposite ends 19
of the turbulator and contacts the opposite or upper end or edge
wall 13 at an area 20 of the turbulator between the ends 19.
As can be seen from the above description the major dimension of
the turbulator 14 which is the distance between the opposite edges
15 and 16 is less at all points along the turbulator than the
corresponding major dimension of the interior of the tube which is
the distance between the end or edge walls 13. In preferred
instances this major dimension of the turbulator is about 50-75
percent of the corresponding major dimension of the tube 11. In the
preferred construction as shown the contact areas 21 on one side of
the turbulator 14 are at the opposite ends 19 of the turbulator
while the other contact area of the turbulator is the intermediate
area 20 on the other edge 15 of the turbulator. In the preferred
construction the turbulator 14 is bowed or arched between its two
ends with the intermediate contact area 20 being located about
midway between the two ends 19 and the curving or bowing being at a
constant radius.
A preferred type of turbulator is disclosed in FIGS. 3 and 4. As is
shown there, the turbulator comprises a sheet of metal 22 having
spaced integral strips 23 struck therefrom and extending in a
common direction away from the plane of the remainder of the metal
sheet 22. As is shown in FIG. 4 each strip 23 is of generally
U-shape with parallel sides and the longitudinally successive
strips in each longitudinal series is staggered back and forth.
When in position on the interior of the tube 11 the surfaces 17
that are in contact with one side wall 12 of the tube comprises the
remainder 22 of the sheet of metal while the opposite surface 18
which is in contact with the opposite side wall 12 of the tube
comprises the flat peaks of the strips 23 as shown in FIG. 4.
With the above construction the turbulator 14 is in heat transfer
contact with the internal surface areas of the tube at the minor
dimensions of the tube and the turbulator. The metal strips 23 are
arranged generally longitudinally to the direction of fluid flow
through the tube which is from one end to the other but because of
the staggered relationship of the contact areas 20 and 21 are at a
small angle to the length of the turbulator. This angular
relationship particularly of the sides 24 of the strips 23 to the
length of the turbulator increases the turbulence. Thus the flat
sides 24 of the strips extend completely across the width or minor
dimension of the tube and are angled so as to increase turbulence.
Thus with flow from right to left as indicated by the arrow 25 the
strips 24 between the end 26 and the intermediate area 20 are
angled upwardly with relation to the direction of flow 25. The
remaining strips on the other side of the intermediate area 20 are
correspondingly angled downwardly. This causes greater turbulence
than if all strips were aligned with the direction of flow 25.
Because much of the major dimension on the interior of the tube 11
is not occupied by the turbulator 14 at all points along the
turbulator and the tube the restriction to flow of the liquid
through the tube is much less than if the turbulator extended the
full length of the major dimension. Thus as shown in the drawings
the liquid 25 entering the tube has the entire space above the
turbulator 14 free of flow restrictions. Then, as flow continues
through the tube from right to left this space narrows until it is
substantially eliminated at the intermediate area 20. During this
flow the liquid has also been forced downwardly and forwardly
through the spaces between the strips 23 in the turbulator 14. This
likewise increases the turbulence and achieves a more effective
heat transfer while because so much of the tube is open or free of
turbulator at every point along its length the restriction to flow
is kept small.
* * * * *