U.S. patent number 3,734,112 [Application Number 05/122,986] was granted by the patent office on 1973-05-22 for method of tapping a hole in a main through a fitting.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Mueller Co.. Invention is credited to Robert R. Finney, Gerry E. Kissell, Lawrence F. Luckenbill.
United States Patent |
3,734,112 |
Finney , et al. |
May 22, 1973 |
METHOD OF TAPPING A HOLE IN A MAIN THROUGH A FITTING
Abstract
A method for opening a flow-way in a main when a main is to be
connected to a secondary main or service line. In opening the
flow-way in the main, a perforator or tapping tool is utilized,
which will progressively form the hole or aperture in the main by
upsetting the material of the main outwardly of the same into the
through bore of a fitting attached to the main, the upset material
acting as a mechanical fastening means for increasing the
resistance of a fitting to twist about the axis or center line of
the main.
Inventors: |
Finney; Robert R. (Decatur,
IL), Luckenbill; Lawrence F. (Decatur, IL), Kissell;
Gerry E. (Charleston, IL) |
Assignee: |
Mueller Co. (Decatur,
IL)
|
Family
ID: |
22406060 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/122,986 |
Filed: |
March 10, 1971 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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868040 |
Oct 21, 1969 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
137/15.13;
137/318 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F16L
41/06 (20130101); Y10T 137/6123 (20150401); Y10T
137/0463 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
F16L
41/00 (20060101); F16L 41/06 (20060101); B23b
041/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;137/15,318 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Cohan; Alan
Parent Case Text
This application is a division of our copending application Ser.
No. 868,040 filed Oct. 21, 1969, and is entitled to the filing date
thereof.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method of tapping a hole in a main through a through bore in a
fitting at least temporarily secured to the main, the fitting
having a tapping tool with a threaded tapered portion for
progressively forming the hole, the steps comprising: advancing and
rotating the tapping tool toward and into engagement with the
advancement per each revolution of the same being controlled to be
less than the lead of the thread on the threaded tapered portion,
causing the material around the hole being formed in the main to be
swaged outwardly of the main into the through bore of the fitting
to thereby eliminate obstruction within the main and to thereby
provide a mechanical fastening between the main and the fitting to
increase resistance of the fitting from twisting about the axis of
the main.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 including swaging the material
upset by the threaded portion of the tool in a generally radial
outward direction into engagement with the wall of the through bore
in the fitting.
3. A method as claimed in claim 2, including the step of
preliminarily cutting a hole in the main of a smaller diameter than
a predetermined desired diameter, and then upsetting the material
around the hole in the main to enlarge the hole to the
predetermined diameter, the material being upset radially outwardly
of the axis of the main into the through bore of the fitting.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3, including reinforcing the
interior of the upset material defining the finished hole.
Description
The present invention relates to improvements in a method and for
tapping a main when setting up a flow-way from the main to a
secondary main or service line.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Self-tapping fittings, such as service Tees, nipples, or the like,
have been heretofore utilized in connecting a secondary main or
service line to a main without the escape of fluid from the main to
atmosphere. Such prior arrangements have utilized drilling machines
connected to the fittings through which shell cutters or other
drills were advanced through a valve and through the fitting to
form the hole in a main. Additionally, some fittings have been
provided with a through bore that is threaded interiorly, the
through bore threadedly receiving the tapping tool which may be
advanced by rotation. Such tapping tools had annular cutters for
removing the coupon from the main or piercing members for punching
a hole through the main. Typical prior art arrangements may be
found in the following U.S. patents:
Number Name Date 2,736,335 Webber Feb. 28, 1956 2,839,075 Mueller
June 17, 1958 2,852,967 Mueller et al. Sept. 23, 1958 2,895,352
Mueller July 21, 1959 2,950,637 Merrill et al. Aug. 30, 1960
3,264,907 Mueller et al. Aug. 9, 1966 3,302,493 Hulslander et al.
Feb. 7, 1967 3,349,792 Larkin Oct. 31, 1967
In the above-mentioned prior art devices, the perforating of the
main was accomplished by either removing a coupon from the main,
the coupon being retained in the cutter as the cutter was withdrawn
from the hole, or by piercing or swaging a hole inwardly of the
main when utilizing a solely piercing member. Oftentimes the
tapping tool was utilized as a valve means to plug the hole in the
main until such time that service is needed.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention involves a method in which a hole or aperture
is formed in a main through a bore in a fitting,at least
preliminarily secured to the main,by upsetting the material of the
main in a generally radial and outward direction into the bore of
the fitting. The upset material surrounding the formed hole
functions as a mechanical or secondary fastening means between the
main and the fitting as it limits the amount the fitting will twist
about the center line or axis of the main. In situations where the
upset material is substantially in contact with the wall of the
through bore, there is no slippage and an immediate lock. On the
other hand, in situations where the upset material has a slight
clearance with the wall of the through bore, there is a slight
slippage before locking would be effected.
Further, the invention contemplates swagging the upset material
into tight engagement with the walls of the bore of the fitting so
as to assist in locking the fitting to the main against removal in
not only a circumferential sense but also in a radial sense. This
mechanical locking of the fitting to the main reduces the
dependence of clamping straps and minimizes loosing which might
take place due to corrosion under the straps.
By utilizing a perforating tool, which has a tapered portion with a
thread thereon for swagging and/or cutting the hole, and by
controlling the advancement and rotation of the perforating tool,
which relation to the lead of the thread on tapered portion, the
material being displaced during the progressive forming of the hole
can be controlled so as to be upset outwardly of the main into the
fitting and against the wall of the bore of the fitting. By
upsetting the material outwardly of the main, the material does not
extend inwardly of the main so as to interfere with normal flow
through the main or restrict the inside diameter of the main.
Additionally, the smooth upsetting of the material outwardly of the
main into the through bore of the fitting results in a smooth,
well-rounded opening, thereby maintaining a minimum pressure drop
across the same.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a preliminary
undersize hole or aperture in the main by cutting a coupon
therefrom and then further forming the hole to a predetermined size
by upsetting the material around the undersized hole outwardly of
the main into the bore of the particular fitting used. This latter
mentioned arrangement would be utilized especially where it is
desired to provide a relatively large hole in a main, and thus the
necessity of cutting an undersized hole first and retaining this
coupon and then subsequently progressively increasing the size of
the undersize hole by upsetting the material around the undersize
hole by swaging such material into the bore of the fitting attached
to the main.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the assembly of the
present invention, taken through a main, the assembly utilizing a
saddle service Tee type of fitting.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view illustrating the
main of FIG. 1 having been perforated with the material from the
hole being swaged or upset outwardly of the main into the through
bore of the fitting.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the perforating or
tapping tool of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view similar to FIG. 1, but
illustrating a plastic service Tee and a plastic pipe with a
modified perforating or tapping tool.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the tapping tool
of FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical sectional view
illustrating the tapping of a hole in a main by the tool shown in
FIGS. 4 and 5.
FIG. 7 is a schematic drawing of a typical drilling machine
attached to a fitting on a main, the fitting and the main being
shown in vertical section with the main having been perforated, or
tapped.
FIG. 8 illustrates a further modification of the present invention
utilized with a shell cutter for the drilling machine of FIG. 7,
the shell cutter functioning to cut a coupon when forming the
undersized hole.
FIG. 9 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view showing the main
with the hole formed therein and with the coupon initially removed
by the shell cutter of FIG. 8.
FIG. 10 is a still further modification of the present invention,
the view being partially schematic and partially in vertical
section and illustrating a different type of hand-operated drilling
machine; and
FIG. 11 is a vertical sectional view of the modified form of
drilling machine shown in FIG. 10, the view illustrating the
drilling machine inserting a completion plug into the fitting or
service Tee after the hole has been drilled.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring now to the drawings wherein like reference or character
numerals represent like or similar parts, there is disclosed in
FIGS. 1-3 one embodiment of the present invention for opening a
flow way from a main to a service line or pipe. In more detail,
there is disclosed a service fitting generally designated at 10
equipped with a tapping tool 11, the service fitting being utilized
to connect a main 12 of a fluid pressure system, such as a gas
system or the like, to a service line 14, extending to a point of
use, such as a dwelling or the like. The main 12 and/or service
line 14, as disclosed in this particular environment of the
invention, is made of metal but, as will be described later in the
specification, the main and the service line may be plastic.
In the particular embodiment disclosed in FIG. 1, the service
fitting 10 is shown as a saddle clamp type of fitting having a
unitary body member 16 made as a malleable iron casting or as a
steel forging, the body member 16 being provided with an integral
saddle part 18 having an arcuate surface 20 of a curvature
complementary to the curvature of a portion of the external surface
of the main 12. Clamping means generally designated at 22 form part
of the service fitting 10 and clamp the body member 16 in fluid
type connection to the main 12. The clamping means 22 include an
arcuate strap-like member 24 with an eye 26 at one end thereof for
fitting over a hook portion 30 on the body member 16 and a lug
member 32 at the other end thereof, the lug member being provided
with an aperture through which bolt means 34 extend. The body
member 16 is provided with a similar lug 36, and it will be
understood that by tightening the bolt means 34, the service
fitting is positioned on the main 12.
While the service fitting 10 is disclosed as a saddle clamp type of
service fitting, it will be appreciated such service fitting may be
a conventional service Tee welded directly to the main, or
otherwise suitably secured thereto, or other types of fittings,
some of which are shown in the drawing and which will be described
later in the specification.
The body member 16 is provided with a through bore 38 opening to
the arcuate surface 20 at its inner end and extending therefrom
outwardly. The through bore 38 in the particular arrangement shown
in FIGS. 1 and 2 is interiorly threaded at 40, along its entire
length for the functions to be described later in the
specification. Body member 16 is also provided with a lateral bore
41 opening at the through bore at its inner end, the lateral bore
being arranged to communicate with the service line 14 suitably
connected to the fitting.
The tapping tool 11 for forming a hole or flow way 43 in the main
12 is shown in FIG. 1 in a retracted position in the through bore
38, after the hole 43 has been formed. In more detail, and also
referring to FIG. 3, the tapping tool 11 is provided with a
plug-like body member 42, having a first body portion 44 with
exterior threads 46 thereon that may be received in the interior
threads 40 of the body member 16 of service fitting 10. At the
terminal end of the first body portion 44 of tapping tool 11, there
is provided a non-circular socket or recess 48, for receiving an
Allen wrench or other tool which can rotate the tapping tool on its
longitudinal axis A and either advance or retract the same in the
threaded through bore 38 of the service fitting 10, depending on
the direction of rotation. The body member 42 of the tapping tool
is also provided with an intermediate body portion 50, which is
frusto-conical and tapers inwardly at an angle of 10.degree. with
respect to the longitudinal axis A of the tapping tool. Further,
body member 42 is provided with a tapered or conical third body
portion 52, which has an external thread 54 of the same hand as the
thread 46. The largest diameter of the tapered body portion 54 at
the line B is slightly greater than the smallest diameter of the
intermediate body portion 50 at the line C, the purpose of which
will be described in detail later in the specification.
Additionally, the included angle D of the tapered body portion 52
defining the penetrating end of the tapping tool 11 is preferably
30.degree..
It will be noted that the thread 54 on the tapered body portion 52
starts at a slight distance from the point P, as the point P
functions as a centering means and keeps the tip P aligned when the
hole 43 is started and the thread 54 begins its work. The thread 54
terminates at its upper end, as viewed in FIG. 3, in a buttress
thread 56 for the last helix thereof, the purpose of providing such
a buttress thread being to make the tapping tool stronger at this
area where there could be damage to the thread by the material of
the main 12 being upset. Preferably the thread 54, other than where
the buttress helix 56 is provided, has a blunt root, as indicated
at 58, and a sharp crest as indicated at 60, so that it somewhat
resembles the thread of a sheet metal screw. By having a blunt root
at 58, rather than a sharp root as in a conventional thread, stress
rises, due to the upsetting of material from the main, are reduced
and the thread can fully function to swage or move the material
when the hole 43 is being formed.
In order to move or swage the material in a predetermined direction
from around the hole 43 being formed, the lead or pitch of the
helices of the thread 54 on the tapered body portion 52 of the
tapping tool 11, differs from the lead or pitch of the helices of
the thread 46 on the first body portion 44. In this respect, the
thread 54 has a greater lead than the thread 46, and consequently
when the tapping tool 11 is positively advanced in the through bore
38 of the service fitting 10 and the tapered body portion 52 begins
and is penetrating the wall of the main 12, the material of the
main 12 will be swaged or upset outwardly of the main, as indicated
at 62 in FIG. 2 up into the through bore 38. In order to obtain the
desired movement of the material being upset and swaged from the
main 12, it has been found that the ratio between the helices
driving thread 46 and the helices of the perforating or swaging
thread 54, should be in the order of five to four. In other words,
the number of helices per inch of the thread 54 should be 80
percent of the number of helices per inch of the thread 46.
If the tapping tool 11 of FIG. 3 is provided with its tapered body
portion 52 and its tapered intermediate portion 50 considerably
smaller than its body portion 44, then the upset material will not
be swagged radially outwardly into engagement with the wall of
through bore 38. However, this arrangement still provides a
mechanical lock after there has been slight slippage between the
fitting 10 and main 12.
The tapping tool 11 is preferably made of fully hardened steel, at
least when it is being used to form a hole in steel or iron pipe.
In this respect, it has been found that the tapping tool 11 should
be at least 15 Rockwell "C" points harder than the material of the
main to be perforated or tapped and with respect to certain steel
mains, such tapping tools 11 have been made with a 50 Rockwell "C"
hardness number throughout. By providing a fully hardened or for
that matter, a case hardened, tapping tool 11, extensive galling of
the threads 46 and 54 is prevented during operation.
The operation of the assembly heretofore described is as follows:
First, the service fitting 10 is assembled on the main 12 at a
location where it is desired to tap the hole 43 into the main for
the purpose of connecting the main to the service line 14. Usually
the service fitting 10 is provided with a groove 13 on the surface
20 surrounding the lower opening of the through bore 38. An O-ring
15 is provided in the groove 13, the O-ring sealing against the
exterior of the main around the location where the hole 43 is to be
made. The service line 14 is then connected to the service fitting
10 and the main is ready to be tapped. By use of an Allen wrench or
other tool, the tapping tool 11 is rotated in the threads 40 of the
through bore 38 in such a manner as to advance the tapered end
portion 52 of the tapping tool toward the main. The point P will
begin penetration of the main and then the tapered thread 54 begins
its work to progressively form the hole 43. In this respect, for
each revolution of the tapping tool 11, it is positively advanced a
predetermined distance, dependent upon the lead or pitch of the
driving thread 46. Since the lead or pitch of the thread 54 is
greater than the lead or pitch of the thread 46, the material being
displaced by the thread 54 will be directed outwardly of the main
12 and upwardly into the lower end of the through bore 38. The
ultimate size of the hole in the main 12 is determined by the
maximum diameter B of the tapered thread 54 on the tapered portion
52 of the body member 42.
As soon as the last buttress helix 56 has performed its work there
is a relief provided between the tool and the material upset from
the hole 43, due to the reduced diameter C of the tapered
intermediate portion 50 directly above the buttress helix.
Consequently, the operator, when turning the tapping tool 11, will
notice a momentary reduction in torque followed by an increase in
torque and will be aware that only a few number of turns of the
tapping tool 11 need now be made to complete the operation. The
tapered intermediate portion 50 will now function as a further
swaging surface, as its maximum diameter, as indicated at E, is
greater than the maximum diameter of the buttress helix 56 of
thread 54. The purpose of the tapered intermediate portion 50 is to
force the upset material 62 around the hole 43 radially outwardly
of the hole, so that it fills the lowermost helices of the thread
40 of the through bore 38. This positively locks the upset portion
62 to the service fitting 10, so that the upset portion now
functions to not only prevent the body member 16 from turning on
the axis of the main 10, but also functions to prevent the body
member 16 from being easily removed even when the strap-like member
24 of the clamping means 22 is released.
Instead of running the thread 40 all the way to the opening of the
through bore 38, with the interior 20 of the saddle 18, recesses,
knurling, or grooves may be provided in the lower end of the
through bore 38 for receiving the upset material 62 to anchor the
same, as is shown in the drawings of other modifications of the
invention.
The tapping tool 11 may be coated with a dry film lubricant L such
as disclosed in the common assignee's U.S. Pat. No. 3,264,907,
issued Aug. 9, 1966 on all of its surfaces, except the swaging
surface of the smooth, tapered intermediate portion 50. By leaving
the dry film lubricant L off of the intermediate portion 50, the
operation of the tapping tool is enhanced as it gives the operator
a greater feel when he has completed the penetration portion of the
forming of the hole 43, as there is a significant increase in
torque when the upset portion 62 is swaged radially outwardly by
the surface of the tapered portion 50. Additionally, such an
operation is accompanied by a squealing noise giving another clue
to the completion of the operation.
Referring now in particular to FIGS. 4-6 inclusive, there is
disclosed a modification of the assembly of the present invention
which may be utilized for connecting a plastic main 12' to a
plastic service line 14'. In this embodiment of the invention, a
plastic service fitting or Tee 10' is utilized, the same being
somewhat similar to the common assignee's U.S. Pat. No. 2,839,075,
issued June 17, 1958, or to the common assignee's U.S. Pat. No.
3,460,553, issued Aug. 12, 1969. In more detail, the plastic
service fitting 10' includes a body portion 16' having at its lower
end a saddle part 18' provided with an arcuate shaped surface 20'
complementary to the exterior surface of the plastic main 12'. A
lateral outlet 21 provided with a lateral bore 41' opens to an
interiorly threaded through bore 38'. The lateral outlet 21 is
arranged to receive the plastic service line 14'. A groove 13'
surrounding the opening of the through bore 38' to the surface 20'
is provided for receiving an O-ring 15'.
Clamping means 22', such as a pair of hose clamps 24', are arranged
to extend about the main 12' and the exterior of the saddle part
18' so as to clamp the service fitting 10' at least temporarily on
the plastic main 12'. Sufficient pressure is applied through the
hose clamps 24' to enable the O-ring 15' to make fluid type contact
between the saddle part 18' and the plastic main 12' during the
forming of a solvent weld between the saddle part 18' and the main
12', if such is used.
The through bore 38' is provided with an interior thread 40' which
extends from at least adjacent its upper end to a point spaced
slightly from its lower end. At its lower end, the through bore 38'
is provided with an annular groove, or recess, 45, which functions
similarly to the lower helices of the thread 40 in the embodiment
of FIGS. 1-3, inclusive. In other words, the groove 45 is arranged
to receive the upset material 62', when such material is caused to
flow or move radially outwardly of the formed hole or flow way 43'
to thereby provide a positive lock or anchor between the main and
the service fitting.
A tapping tool 11' somewhat similar to the tapping tool 11 is
provided for forming the hole 43'. In more detail, and referring to
FIG. 5, the tapping tool 11' in provided with a plug-like body 42'
having a first body portion 44' provided with an exterior driving
thread 46', which is received in the interior thread 40' of the
through bore 38'. The first body portion 44' has a non-circular
socket 48' in its outer end, in which an Allen wrench or other tool
may be inserted for rotating the tapping tool 11' to advance or
retract the same in the bore 38'.
An intermediate body portion 50', which is frusto-conical and
tapers inwardly from the first body portion 44' at an angle in the
order of 30.degree. with respect to the longitudinal axis A' to a
point where it is provided with a short cylindrical portion, is
provided for swagging or moving the upset material 62' radially
outwardly into the groove 45. The body member 42' is further
provided with a tapered frusto-conical third body portion 52', the
third body portion tapering inwardly from the lower end of the
cylindrical portion of intermediate body portion 50', as viewed in
FIG. 5. An external cutting or swaging thread 54' is provided on
the exterior of body portion 52'. The included angle of the
frusto-conical third body portion 54' is in the order of
30.degree., whereas the thread 54' is coarser than the driving
thread 46'. With regard to the threads 46' and 54', the ratio
between the helices of the driving thread 46' and the swaging
thread 54' is in the order of five to four, so that the lead of the
thread 54' which progressively forms the hole 43' is greater than
the lead or pitch of the thread 46', and thus will upset material
outwardly of the main 12'.
The end of the tapping tool 11' is provided with an annular cutting
edge 57 and a longitudinally extending closed bottom bore or recess
59. When the tapping tool 11' initially engages the main 12', the
cutting edge 57 cuts from the main 12' a coupon or slug S and forms
a preliminary hole in the main 12'. Further, rotation with positive
advancement of the tapping tool 11' in the through bore 38' will
result in the threads 54' progressively forming the hole 43' and
since the lead of the thread 54' is greater than the lead of the
thread 46', the material being removed from around the hole will be
progressively moved and upset outwardly of the main 12' into the
through bore 38' until the last helix of the thread 54' has
performed its work.
Plastic material used in plastic mains, as distinguished from metal
used in mains, usually has a greater elastic memory. However, it is
known that plastic material can be flowed past its elastic memory
and this occurs when the hole 43' is being progressively formed by
the tapered thread 54' and the material is being upset at 62'.
However, in some instances, when the material of the plastic main
12' is moved or swaged radially outwardly by the swaging surface of
intermediate body portion 52' into the groove 45, it may have a
slight tendency to contract when the tapping tool 11' is withdrawn
from the hole 43'. In order to eliminate any such tendency and
further, in order to materially increase the resistance of the
upset material 62' to shear, a reinforcing metallic ring 61, having
an interior shape complementary to the shape of the intermediate
portion 50', is loosely fit onto the tapping tool 11' prior to
formation of the hole. When the hole 43' has been formed by the
thread 54' and the tapping tool 11' is further advanced so that the
upset portion 62' can be radially expanded into the groove 45, the
material of the upset portion is forced outwardly by the
reinforcing ring or sleeve 61 into the groove. When the tapping
tool 11' is withdrawn, the ring 61, which has a loose fit on the
tool, will remain embedded in the upset material 62' and will form
the wall of the hole 43', thus reinforcing the upset material and
increasing the amount of force necessary to produce failure from
shear. Preferably, the overall longitudinal length of the ring 61
is approximately equal to the wall thickness of the main 12', plus
the overall height of the upset material 62'.
As will now be apparent from the above-detailed description of the
modification disclosed in FIGS. 4-6, the operation of the assembly
is substantially similar to that described with respect to the
assembly of FIGS. 1-3, with the exception that a coupon S is first
cut from the main 12'. The tapping tool 11' is advanced a
predetermined distance for each rotation of the same, and since
this advancement differs from the lead of the tapered hole forming
thread 54', the material removed will flow upwardly into the bore
38' of the service fitting.
While the cutting tool 11' has been illustrated and described in
the use with a plastic service fitting for connecting a plastic
main to a plastic service line, it will be understood that such a
tool may be used in forming large diameter holes in metal mains. Of
course, as previously mentioned, the tapping tool must be harder
than the material of the main being perforated and the same is true
of the tapping tool 11' regardless of whether it is utilized for
perforating a plastic or a metal main.
Referring now in particular to FIGS. 7-9, there is disclosed a
further modification of the present invention utilizing the same
with a shell cutter operated by a drilling machine, the shell
cutter being used in situations where a relatively large hole is to
be provided in a relatively large main.
As disclosed in FIG. 7, an existing main 12", in which it is
desired to provide a lateral opening for connecting the same to a
new supply main or service line (not shown) is provided at the area
where the opening is made with a service fitting 10". In this
particular instance, the service fitting 10" is a tapping sleeve
which includes an upper body member 70 and a lower body member 72
bolted together about the main 12". The upper body member 70 has a
branch 71 with a through bore 38" therein and a flange 74 at the
upper end of the branch. A flanged end 76 of a conventional gate
valve 78 is secured to the flange 74. A shell cutter 80 (FIG. 8)
actuated by a drilling machine 84 may pass through the gate valve
to cut the opening or hole 43" in the main 12". The gate valve 78
is provided with a body 70 having a flange 82, to which a bonnet 83
for valve is secured.
The drilling machine which is represented diagrammatically at 84 is
connected to a flange 90 of the gate valve 78 in the usual manner,
the drilling machine having the usual boring bar 86 (FIG. 8).
Further, the drilling machine 84, which is of the conventional
type, for example the type shown in the common assignee's U.S. Pat.
Nos. 2,833,167, issued May 6, 1958; 2,884,808, issued May 5, 1959;
and 2,907,229, issued Oct. 6, 1959, is provided with means for
either manually or automatically rotating the boring bar 86 and
advancing the same a predetermined distance for each revolution.
Consequently, a detailed description of the drilling machine 84
will not be given.
The shell cutter 80 is attached to the lower end of the boring bar
86 and in this embodiment of the invention, such cutter defines the
tapping tool. Usually a pilot drill 92 extends axially of the shell
cutter 80 and projects beyond the cutting teeth 94 of the same. As
is well known in the art relating to shell cutters, the shell
cutter 80 is rotated and advanced at a predetermined rate by the
drilling machine. Its pilot drill is first to engage and bore a
hole in the main. Once the hole has been bored in the main and the
shell cutter 80 continues to rotate and advance, the teeth 94 of
the shell cutter will then cut a coupon S from the main with the
coupon being retained on the pilot drill by locking means (not
shown). However, in this particular embodiment of the invention,
the shell cutter is provided with an outwardly tapered portion 96
above its lower cylindrical portion 98, the tapered portion 96
being provided with an external swaging thread 97 for enlarging the
hole preliminarily cut. By providing the swaging thread 97 with a
lead or pitch which is greater than the axial travel per revolution
of the shell cutter, as determined by the boring bar 86, the
tapered thread 97 will progressively pull and upset the material
from around the hole into the through bore 38" of the tapping
sleeve 70.
A cylindrical swaging surface 100 is provided on the shell cutter
80 immediately above the last and largest helix of the thread 97,
this surface having a diameter at least as great as the diameter of
the largest helix of the thread 97 so that the material upset, as
indicated at 62", is swaged radially outwardly in a similar manner
to the previous embodiments. As clearly shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the
through bore 38" of the tapping sleeve is provided at its lower
end, when viewing these Figures, with a plurality of annular
grooves or recesses 45", which receive the material from the upset
portion 62" when the same is swaged radially outwardly of the axis
of the hole or opening 43". This mechanically locks the main 12" to
the tapping sleeve of the service fitting in a similar manner to
that described with the previous embodiments of the invention.
Referring now to FIGS. 10 and 11, there is disclosed a still
further modification of the present invention wherein a manually
operable drilling machine is utilized to take the place of the
driving thread on the tapping tool 11 of the modifications of FIGS.
1-6, inclusive.
In this particular embodiment of the invention, the service fitting
10'" is a saddle clamp type of fitting substantially similar to the
service fitting 10, except that the through bore 38"' is not
provided with threads for advancing the tapping tool 11'". As
clearly shown in FIG. 10, the service fitting 10"' has its body
member 16"' exteriorly threaded at 110 for threadedly receiving one
end of a gate valve diagrammatically shown at 112. The bore 38"' is
interiorly threaded as indicated at 114 adjacent its upper end for
reception of a completion plug 116, whereas its lower end of this
bore is provided with annular recesses or grooves 45"' capable of
receiving material of the upset portion 62'" of hole 43'" formed in
main 12'".
A manually operable drilling machine generally designated at 118 is
provided with a body member 120 having a through bore 122, the
through bore 122 being provided with interior feed or drive thread,
as indicated at 124. A feed or drive sleeve 126 extends into the
through bore 122 and is provided with an exterior feed or drive
thread 128 for cooperating with the thread 124. The portion of the
feed sleeve 126 extending out of the body member 120 has a handle
130 fixed thereto, the handle 130 having a threaded bore 132
therein. Body member 120 at its lower end,as viewed in FIGS. 10 and
11, is provided with an external thread 134 arranged to be received
in the gate valve 112.
An operating bar 136 extending through the upper end and freely
slidable in the feed sleeve 126 is provided with a head 138 at its
outer end exteriorly of the feed sleeve. The head 138 has a hole
140 therethrough, through which a thumb-screw 142 can be inserted
and threaded into the bore 132 of the handle 130, so as to lock the
operating bar 136 both axially and rotatably with respect to the
feed sleeve 126. The inner end of the operating bar 136 is
externally threaded, as indicated at 144 and is arranged to
threadedly receive and support the tapping tool 11"'.
Tapping tool 11'" is identical to tapping tool 11 of FIG. 1 with
respect to the tapered body portion 52'", and the tapered thread
54'" on the exterior thereof. Additionally, the intermediate body
portion 50"' is identical to the intermediate portion 50 of the
tapping tool 11 in that it provides a recess after work is
completed by the thread 54'" and functions as a swaging
surface.
When it is desired to operate the assembly disclosed in FIG. 10,
the tapping tool 11'" is threaded onto the threaded end 144 of the
operating bar 136 and the operating bar is then moved to a position
where the tapping tool 11'" is completely retracted within the body
member 120. The body member 120 is assembled on the gate valve 112
and once this has been done, the operating bar 136, once the valve
has been opened, can be moved to the position where the tapping
tool passes through the gate valve 112 and through the bore 38'" to
a point where the head 138 is flush against the handle 130 of the
feed sleeve 126. The thumb-screw 142 is then inserted through the
head 138 and threaded into the handle 130 to lock these two
elements together. By rotating the handle 130, the feed sleeve 126
rotates and advances in the thread 124 of the body member 120. This
also causes rotation of the tapping tool 11'" and a predetermined
advancement of each revolution thereof. Since the threads 124 and
128 of the body member 120 and the feed sleeve 126, respectively,
have less of a lead than the tapered thread 54'" on the tapping
tool 11'", the hole 43'", being progressively formed, will have the
material removed therefrom upset, as indicated at 62'". Once the
thread 54'" has completed its work, then the swaging surface of the
intermediate portion 50"' will urge the upset portion radially
outwardly of the axis of the bore 38'" into the recesses or grooves
45'". When this has been accomplished, the hole 43'" is complete
and the reverse procedure is accomplished to withdraw the tapping
tool 11"' through the gate valve 112.
The gate valve 112 is then closed and the body member 120 is
removed therefrom, so that the tapping tool 11'" can be unthreaded
from the end 144 of the operating bar. After this has been
accomplished, then the completion plug 116 is inserted onto the
threaded end 144 of the operating bar 136 and the body member 120
is reassembled onto the gate valve 112, so that the insertion plug
can be advanced through the gate valve when opened and threaded
into the interiorly threaded upper end 114 of the bore 38'", as
shown in FIG. 11. After the completion plug 116 has been threaded
into the upper end of bore 38'", then the rotation of the operating
bar 136 in an opposite direction will cause it to separate from the
completion plug 116. The gate valve 112 may then be removed from
the fitting 10'" and replaced by a closure (not shown).
The terminology used throughout the specification is for the
purpose of description and not limitation, the scope of the
invention being defined in the claims.
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