U.S. patent number 3,733,862 [Application Number 05/155,573] was granted by the patent office on 1973-05-22 for combined mechanical and photoelectric lock.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Michael J. Kardas, Jr., Elsie Marie Mears, Thomas G. Welsh. Invention is credited to William S. Killmeyer.
United States Patent |
3,733,862 |
Killmeyer |
May 22, 1973 |
COMBINED MECHANICAL AND PHOTOELECTRIC LOCK
Abstract
A combined mechanical and photoelectric lock. The mechanical
lock is a conventional key operated tumbler lock. One portion of
the key is provided either with a series of small holes or with an
insert having a pattern of light and dark areas. A light beam is
directed through the holes or the insert and is focused by an
optical system on a photodetector which determines whether the
projected pattern is valid or invalid.
Inventors: |
Killmeyer; William S.
(Youngstown, OH) |
Assignee: |
Mears; Elsie Marie (Youngstown,
OH)
Welsh; Thomas G. (Youngstown, OH)
Kardas, Jr.; Michael J. (Youngstown, OH)
|
Family
ID: |
22555971 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/155,573 |
Filed: |
June 22, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
70/277;
70/DIG.51; 250/215; 250/556; 250/566; 340/542; 340/5.67 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G07F
7/02 (20130101); E05B 49/006 (20130101); Y10T
70/7062 (20150401); Y10S 70/51 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G07F
7/00 (20060101); G07F 7/02 (20060101); E05B
49/00 (20060101); E05h 047/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;70/277,278,DIG.51
;250/215,219D ;340/274 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin; Chase et al.; 1968-12; Vol. 11,
No. 738, 739, 70-278 .
IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin; Arrabito et al.; 1970-02; Vol.
12, No. 9; pp 1473, 1474; 70-277.
|
Primary Examiner: McGlynn; Joseph H.
Claims
I claim:
1. A combined mechanical and photoelectric lock comprising:
a key operated mechanical lock;
a key for operating the mechanical lock, the key having an opening
extending therethrough;
an insert secured to the key, covering the opening, and having a
plurality of light transmitting areas;
a light source projecting a beam of light onto the insert when the
key is inserted into the lock to project an image of the light
transmitting areas;
a photoelectric detector for receiving the projected image; and
circuit means responsive to the detector for determining if the
projected image corresponds to a predetermined image.
2. The lock according to claim 1 further including a lens for
focusing the image onto the detector.
3. The lock according to claim 1 wherein the insert is a piece of
microfilm having transparent and opaque areas.
4. The lock according to claim 1 wherein the light source and the
detector are so located that the key intersects the light beam so
as to produce the image when the key is in its unlocked position in
the mechanical lock.
5. The lock according to claim 1 wherein the light source and the
detector are so located that the key intersects the light beam so
as to produce the image when the key is in its locked position in
the mechanical lock.
6. The lock according to claim 1 wherein the mechanical lock is a
tumbler type lock.
7. A two criteria lock, comprising:
a key operated mechanical lock;
a key for operating the mechanical lock, the key having at least
one hole extending therethrough;
an insert carried by the key and covering the hole, the insert
having an identifying pattern of opaque and translucent areas;
means for projecting a beam of light onto the insert; and
photoelectric detector means located on the opposite side of the
key from the light projecting means for receiving the portion of
the light beam which passes through the insert, the detector means
including means for comparing the projected portion of the light
beam with a predetermined pattern to determine the authenticity of
the projected portion.
8. The lock according to claim 7 wherein the key has a recess
surrounding the hole, the insert being received within the
recess.
9. The lock according to claim 8 wherein the insert is a piece of
microfilm.
Description
The present invention relates to a lock arrangement in which two
distinct criteria must be met before the lock can be operated.
More particularly, the invention relates to a lock which has a
first mechanically operated locking element and a second
photoelectrically operated locking element.
The invention consists, essentially of the combination of a key
operated mechanical lock and a photoelectric lock with the key
including means to filter a light beam into a particular, unique
pattern which may be recognized by a photodetector. The lock may be
employed either as a two criteria security lock where both the
mechanical and photoelectric combinations must be met
simultaneously before the lock can be operated or, alternatively,
as a two stage lock where the mechanical lock can be operated
regardless of whether or not the photoelectric conditions are met,
but where the photoelectric lock can operate only after the
mechanical lock has operated. The reverse arrangement where meeting
of the photoelectric lock criteria must be achieved prior to
operation of the mechanical lock is also possible. The latter two
arrangements may be used, for example, to provide different
personal with different levels of access or freedom of operation.
For example, the mechanical lock may permit access to a particular
room while the photoelectric lock must be released before certain
equipment within the room can be operated. In such a situation, a
person having a key which operates the mechanical but not the
photoelectric lock would be permitted to enter the room but not to
operate the controlled equipment. Numerous other uses of the lock
combination of the present invention are, of course, possible.
For a more complete understanding of my invention and the objects
and advantages thereof reference should be had to the following
detailed description and the accompanying drawing wherein there is
shown a preferred embodiment of the invention.
In the drawing:
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a key having an identifying
insert for use with the lock of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a transverse sectional view taken along the line II--II
of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged elevational view of the identifying
insert;
FIG. 4 is a schematic showing the mechanical and photoelectric lock
of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along the line V--V of
FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a side elevational view of a second embodiment of the key
used with the lock of the present invention; and
FIG. 7 is a schematic showing of a second detector circuit.
The invention comprises, essentially, a key which is notched in the
conventional manner to operate the tumblers of a mechanical lock
and which includes an insert having a unique pattern which, when
the key is inserted into the lock, intersects a light beam to
produce an identifying pattern. The light beam is projected onto a
photosensitive target and suitable detection circuitry reads the
projected image pattern to determine its authenticity.
Referring now to FIGS. 1-3, there is shown one embodiment of the
key used in the lock of the present invention. The key, designated
generally by the reference number 10, has a shank portion 12
provided with guiding grooves 14 notched along one edge, as
indicated at 16, all in the conventional manner. The key is
intended to co-operate with a tumbler type lock and the notches and
intervening projections operate the tumblers of the lock. A
recessed area 18 is provided on the shank portion 12 of the key 10
and a hole 20 extends through the key, with the hole 20 being
centered with the recessed portion 18. Received within the recess
18 is an insert 22, which is shown on an enlarged scale in FIG. 3.
The insert 22 has a body portion 24 which is, preferably, of the
same configuration and dimensions as the recess 18 so as to have a
tight fit and proper alignment within the recess. Holes 26 may be
provided in the insert 22 for engaging small aligning pins 32 in
the key, if desired. The center portion 30 of the insert which
overlies the hole 20 through the key shank has a transparent region
or regions 32 and an opaque region or regions 34. The regions 32
and 34 are arranged to provide a unique pattern serving to provide
identifying data.
The manner in which the transparent regions 32 and the opaque
regions 34 are formed on the insert 22 will depend upon the
material from which the insert is formed. The invention
contemplates that the insert 22 may be microfilm, in which event
the regions 32 are transparent portions of the film while the
regions 34 are opaque portions of the film. However, it is also
possible to make the insert of an opaque material, in which case
the regions 32 would consist of openings cut through the material.
With this arrangement, of course, there is the limitation that the
regions 32 must be so arranged so as to leave no isolated opaque
regions 34.
As will be seen from FIG. 4, when the key 10 is inserted into a
tumbler lock 36, the insert 22 intersects the path of a light beam
38 originating from a suitable source 40. The system includes a
lens 42 for focusing the light beam 38 on a photoelectric sensitive
target 44. A recognition circuit 46 compares the signal produced by
the target 44 in response to the light beam 38 with a known signal
to determine if the signal corresponding to the identifying pattern
of the insert 22 is an authentic identifying signal. The output of
the recognition system 46 may be used to control any action or
device desired. Recognition circuits of the type employed here are
well known in the art.
One form of target is shown in FIG. 5. In this embodiment, the
target consists of an 8.times.8 matrix of photocells 48. For ease
of description, the horizontal rows of the matrix are designated by
numerals 1-8, respectively, and the vertical rows by letters a-h,
respectively. Thus, the individual photocells can be identified as
48-1a, 48-1b, etc. Each of the photocells 48 is connected to a
conductor 50 corresponding to the horizontal row in which the
photocell is located and to a conductor 52 corresponding to the
vertical row in which the photocell is located. With this
arrangement, sequential scanning or reading of the conductors 50-1
to 50-8 and 50-a to 50-h permits the sensing of each individual
photocell of the matrix.
When the image produced by the insert is projected onto the target
44 certain of the photocells 48 will be illuminated while others
are not. The recognition circuit 46 senses the value of each
photocell, that is the amount of illumination present at that
photocell as represented by the current output of the photocell in
question, and compares this value with a known value to determine
if the pattern projected on the matrix corresponds to an authentic
or valid pattern. The scanning and recognition circuits are well
known to those familiar with the data reading and identifying arts
and are, therefore, not described or illustrated in detail herein.
Any suitable scanning or reading circuits and recognition circuits
capable of performing the comparison of the projected image with a
known image may be employed.
FIG. 6 illustrates a second embodiment of the key of the present
invention. In this embodiment, the key 60 which has a shank 62
notched along one edge, as indicated at 64, to operate the tumblers
of a mechanical lock, is provided with a series of small diameter
holes 66 in the shank portion of the key. The holes 66 are arranged
to form a unique pattern, identifying the particular key. The key
is used in a combined mechanical photoelectric lock similar to that
shown in FIG. 4 with the holes 66 of the key intersecting the light
beam to project the identifying image to a photoelectric target.
Again the target is scanned or read to detect the projected image
and the projected image is compared to a standard image to
determine the validity of the projected image. Another form of the
detector is illustrated in FIG. 7. This detector includes a mask 70
having an opening 72 corresponding to the desired configuration of
the key insert 22. The mask 70 is located closely adjacent a
photodetector 74. A detection circuit 76, which is essentially a
threshold detector circuit, determines, from the signal produced by
the photodetector 74 in response to the projected image, the
validity of the projected image. The mask 70 is preferably movable,
as indicated by the arrow 78, so that false detection is
eliminated. For example, if a pattern other than a cross-shaped one
is projected onto a mask which has a cross-shaped opening, the
projected pattern may completely cover the opening of the mask 70
falsely indicating that a valid image has been projected. However,
if the mask is shifted, there will be a sharp decline in the output
signal of the detector 74 for a valid image but a less sharp
decline if the projected image is an invalid one.
As was pointed out above, the detection of a valid identifying
signal by the photoelectric detector may be used to control and/or
authorize any desired function. If the detector arrangement is
located so that the insert of the key intersects the light beam
only when the key has been turned in the lock to an unlocked
position, the system serves to provide two degrees of security
since both the mechanical requirements of the lock, as represented
by the notch pattern of the key, and the correct identifying
insert, as detected by the photodetector, must be present to
produce a validation signal. Conversely, with the key operating the
photodetector when in the locked position, the photoelectric
criteria must be met regardless of whether the mechanical criteria
are also met. While the two locking criteria are interdependent,
they may be used to control separate functions. Thus, the
mechanical lock may be used to control access to a particular area
while the photoelectric lock controls the operation of specific
equipment within the area.
While the outline configuration of the key may be readily
duplicated, duplication of the pattern contained on the insert is
more difficult and, as a result, the likelyhood of unauthorized
persons obtaining duplicates of the keys is substantially reduced.
Also, the insert may be readily changed and the stored pattern in
the recognition circuit also changed when desired. This is of
particular value where the key is used to operate a vending machine
for purchases on credit as it permits periodic replacement of
unauthorized keys to control credit losses. It is also contemplated
that more than one insert or more than one series of holes may be
provided and that the validating action can employ either all of
the inserts to provide a larger number of possible combinations or
a selected one of the inserts, making the duplication of the key
more difficult. In the latter arrangement it is possible, by moving
the light source and the photodetector, to use different ones of
the insert at different times for validation.
It should be understood that while only the best known embodiments
of the invention have been described and illustrated in detail
herein, the invention is not so limited. Reference should therefore
be had to the appended claims in determining the true scope of the
invention.
* * * * *