U.S. patent number 3,733,710 [Application Number 05/162,186] was granted by the patent office on 1973-05-22 for method for drying metal parts.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Detrex Chemical Industries, Inc.. Invention is credited to George F. Bieber, Thomas J. Kearney.
United States Patent |
3,733,710 |
Kearney , et al. |
May 22, 1973 |
METHOD FOR DRYING METAL PARTS
Abstract
A method for removing water from metal parts, wherein the parts
are introduced into a bath of a solvent which displaces the water
from the parts, the parts then being conveyed upward on a spiral
conveyor through saturated vapors of the solvent. The articles are
then conveyed out of the vapor zone and are heated to completely
dry them of all traces of the solvent.
Inventors: |
Kearney; Thomas J. (Detroit,
MI), Bieber; George F. (Arlington Heights, IL) |
Assignee: |
Detrex Chemical Industries,
Inc. (Detroit, MI)
|
Family
ID: |
22584534 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/162,186 |
Filed: |
July 13, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
34/358; 134/11;
134/40; 134/31 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F26B
15/26 (20130101); C23G 5/04 (20130101); F26B
17/266 (20130101); F26B 5/005 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
C23G
5/00 (20060101); F26B 15/26 (20060101); F26B
15/00 (20060101); F26B 17/00 (20060101); F26B
5/00 (20060101); F26B 17/26 (20060101); C23G
5/04 (20060101); B01d 012/00 (); B08b 003/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;134/11,40,132,31
;34/9 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wolk; Morris O.
Assistant Examiner: Millman; D. G.
Claims
We claim:
1. A method for treating metal articles covered at least partially
with a thin film of water, comprising:
a. immersing said articles in a bath of water-immiscible
halogenated solvent having a specific gravity greater than that of
water such that said solvent displaces the water from said
articles;
b. maintaining said solvent bath in a heated state below its
boiling temperature, and continuously introducing solvent into said
bath and overflowing water and solvent from said bath;
c. maintaining a vapor zone containing vapor of the same type of
solvent as maintained in said bath said vapor being generated in a
separate chamber containing substantially water-free solvent;
d. vibrating said articles out of said solvent bath and through
said vapor zone;
e. back-washing said articles with the same type of solvent as
maintained in said bath while said articles are being vibrated
through a portion of said vapor zone; and
f. heating said articles after said back-washing to a temperature
above the boiling point of said solvent to ensure complete
evaporation of said solvent from said articles.
2. The method as described in claim 1, wherein the solvent is
perchloroethylene, and said solvent bath is maintained at a
temperature in the range of 180.degree.F to 220.degree.F.
3. The method as described in claim 1, wherein said articles are
heated to a temperature above the boiling point of said solvent
both while said articles are being vibrated through the upper
portion of said vapor zone and also after said articles have been
vibrated through said vapor zone.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention lies in the field of method and apparatus for spot
free drying of metal articles and, particularly, a method of spot
free drying of metal articles by displacing the water with a
halogenated solvent having a specific gravity greater than that of
water.
2. Description of the Prior Art
There are many industrial applications wherein metal parts are
processed through operations where water is present, resulting in
the parts being wet at the end of such processes. For example,
finishings such as deburring, burnishing, and decoppering of metal
articles in the presence of an aqueous solution results in wet
metal parts. To prepare such parts, or articles, for further
finishing, such as lacquering, it is essential that the parts be
dried completely "spot free". Normal evaporative drying results in
spots, which are totally unacceptable on such articles, where
appearance is a primary factor. Complete "spot free" drying
requires complete displacement of all water on the articles, and
must be done without any evaporation of the moisture or water.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to provide a novel and efficient
means and method for accomplishing spot free drying of metal
objects.
It is a further object of this invention to provide spot free
drying of wet metal objects by conveying such objects through a
halogenated solvent having a specific gravity greater than that of
water, and through a vapor of such solvent.
Accordingly, the method of this invention comprises spot free
drying of wet metal objects by immersing such objects in a bath of
a halogenated solvent having a specific gravity greater than that
of water, which solvent displaces the water which rises to the top
of the bath where it is removed. The articles are then transmitted
through a solvent vapor area where the articles are surrounded by
hot solvent vapors, at a temperature and for a sufficient time such
that when the articles are brought out of the vapor area they are
warm and dry. The articles are introduced onto a vibrating conveyor
which conveys the articles from a bottom pan where they are
immersed in the solvent up through and out of a vapor zone and
subsequently to a discharge point. The displaced water is separated
away from the solvent and discharged from the system.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view, partly in block diagram form,
showing the apparatus of this invention, indicating the flow of
articles through such apparatus and the means for achieving the
desired solvent cycle.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a typical article drying cycle for
the apparatus of this invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
A vibrating spiral elevator, as shown generally at 15, is mounted
within a generally cylindrical tank, or housing 10, having a
removable head 11 at the top thereof. The conveyor structure is of
the helical type such as shown in the U.S. Pat. to White, No.
2,853,180, issued Sept. 23, 1958. The elevator is driven by dual
vibratory motors 16, mounted to the hood through rubber drive
mounts 17. Applicants make no claim herein covering the specific
structure of such vibratory conveyor apparatus.
The wet metal articles, or objects, which are covered, either
partially or entirely, with a thin film of water, are introduced
into load chute 20, through which they are dropped into a bottom
pan of the conveyor, which contains a halogenated water immiscible
solvent having a specific gravity greater than that of water. The
solvent also must have a viscosity less than that of water, in
order to accomplish efficient displacement of the water. Typical
solvents which are suitable for use in the method of this invention
are perchloroethylene, trichlorotriflouroethane, and
trichloroethylene. Perchloroethylene is the generally preferred
solvent.
The halogenated solvent is continuously introduced into a well, or
shed pan 21, which encompasses the bottom pan of the conveyor,
through piping indicated at 46. As the metal articles are immersed
into the solvent, the water is displaced from same and carried to
the top of the solvent bath, due to its lower specific gravity. The
solvent overflow from pan 21, indicated generally at 19, drops into
a collecting pan 22 from which it drains through outlet 23. This
solvent, carrying the displaced water, is passed through
conventional water separator 28, and reintroduced through inlet 29
into the boil chamber 25 located at the bottom of the tank. The
solvent in boil chamber 25 is raised to boiling temperature by
steam coils 27, and is maintained at a level 26 below the location
of collecting pan 22. The vapors which rise from the boil chamber
pass upwardly through holes 30 around the periphery of collecting
pan 22, and thence upward past the shed pan 21 and into the vapor
zone indicated generally at 60. The vapor zone is bounded on top by
water-cooled condenser coils 35 which cause formation of vapor
condensate which drips into the slopped collecting trough 36 and
then runs outward through trough outlet 37. Since some water may be
displaced from the articles after they have left the bottom pan, a
water separator 40 is provided to separate out any water which was
condensed along with the vapor condensate. The purified solvent is
then passed through heat exchanger 41 which raises the temperature
of the cooled solvent condensate to the preferred temperature which
is desired in the bottom pan. For perchloroethylene, for example,
the temperature range is 180.degree.F to 220.degree.F. The heated
solvent is returned through bottom pan inlet 45 and piping as
indicated at 46, to the well, or shed pan 21. Suitable pumping
means, not shown, may be utilized in the return path.
As an alternate embodiment, some of the heated solvent condensate
may be introduced through upper inlet 47 and carried by suitable
piping to a point on the conveyor above the bottom pan, where the
solvent is introduced to provide a wash-back rinse of the articles.
The counterflow of the clean solvent, along with the vibration of
the vibratory conveyor, provides continuous agitation of the parts
for complete removal of any water film which had not been displaced
at the time the articles were immersed into the bottom pan.
In order to maintain the cleanliness level of the solvent used in
the process, solvent is continuously drawn out from the boil
chamber as at tank outlet 50, passed through a pump 51 and into a
still 52, where purified solvent distillate is obtained. The
purified solvent is passed through conventional heat exchanger 53
and introduced back into the system through inlet 45.
In operation, the processed metal parts which are to be spot free
dried are introduced through chute 16, and travel rapidly by
gravity down the chute into the solvent in the well 21, which is
integral with the lower portion of the spiral vibratory conveyor.
Due to the lower viscosity and higher density of the solvent, it
displaces the water film on both the surfaces of the articles, and
out of any indices of the articles, e.g., such as exist in an
assembled hinge. The displaced water rises to the top of the
solvent bath and overflows to the collecting pan 22. The overflow
is continuous, due to the continuous reintroduction of solvent
distillate through inlet 45. Thus, water which is displaced from
the metal articles is continuously carried away.
As the metal pieces progress up the spiral vibratory conveyor 15,
they are completely surrounded by solvent vapors, which vapors are
approximately at the boiling point of the solvent. During the time
that the articles are exposed to the vapor, they are brought up to
the temperature of the vapor so that, when they rise above the
vapor zone 60, they leave warm and dry.
In order to ensure complete drying of varied sizes and types of
work, auxiliary heat may be supplied to the conveyor by means of
steam jackets 65 running along the conveyor track, and supplied
through steam pipe 66. The steam jackets are operated to yield a
temperature slightly above the boiling point of the solvent used.
This additional source of heat ensures that any small quantity of
solvent that might be entrapped in or on the work piece will be
evaporated before such work piece is discharged from the unit
through discharge chute 38.
From the above, it is seen that a method and apparatus are
disclosed for efficient spot free drying of metal articles. Since
the solvent used efficiently displaces water, there is no
evaporation of water from the article, which evaporation is the
source of spots. Also, since the solvent does not leave spots when
it drys it is necessary only to provide complete drying of the
solvent from the articles, which is accomplished by passing the
articles first through the vapor zone where they are raised to high
temperature, and then through a vapor free zone where they are
dried.
A typical processing cycle for a spiral vibratory conveyor as used
in this method is illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 2. While the
articles are immersed in the solvent contained in the well 21, they
are rotated through approximately one and one-half revolutions by
the spiral conveyor. In the embodiment where a wash-back rinse is
used, the rinse is applied for approximately two revolutions.
Subsequent to that, there are four revolutions during which the
articles are solely in the vapor zone, where they are heated by the
vapor. Subsequent to that, the articles are transported upward
through approximately another five revolutions of the vibrator,
prior to unloading through chute 38.
The following example is presented to illustrate the method and
apparatus of this invention.
EXAMPLE 1
Miscellaneous hardware, including door pulls, drawer pulls, hinges,
etc., are first burnished following a copper plate and oxide
treatment. These articles are dried using the method and apparatus
of this invention, after which they are assembled and/or lacquered.
The parts are fed into the dryer apparatus very wet with water, and
are discharged dry and spot free. The solvent used is
perchloroethylene. The temperature in the boil chamber is
maintained at 250.degree.F, and the temperature of the solvent in
the bottom pan of the spiral is maintained at
200.degree.-210.degree.F. Steam requirements are 210 lb./hour at
40-50 PSIG. Solvent usage averages approximately 3/4 of a gallon
per hour, for processing 20 to 24 tote pans of articles per
hour.
* * * * *