U.S. patent number 3,732,868 [Application Number 05/120,629] was granted by the patent office on 1973-05-15 for device for the audible reproduction of a cardiogram with speech-like sounds.
This patent grant is currently assigned to U.S. Philips Corporation. Invention is credited to Benjamin Lopes Cardozo, Joseph Jacobus Marie Neelen, Leonardus Franciscus Willems.
United States Patent |
3,732,868 |
Willems , et al. |
May 15, 1973 |
DEVICE FOR THE AUDIBLE REPRODUCTION OF A CARDIOGRAM WITH
SPEECH-LIKE SOUNDS
Abstract
A device for the audible reproduction of electrophysiological
signals, which includes a serially connected sine wave generator
and pulse shaper in which these signals are reproduced in the form
of speech-like sound signals, and a pair of band pass filters of
which one is frequency tunable to vary the monotonic signals from
the pulse shaper in response to deviations in the
electrophysiological signals so that the deviations are reproduced
as speech-like deviations in these sound signals.
Inventors: |
Willems; Leonardus Franciscus
(Emmasingel, Eindhoven, NL), Neelen; Joseph Jacobus
Marie (Emmasingel, Eindhoven, NL), Cardozo; Benjamin
Lopes (Emmasingel, Eindhoven, NL) |
Assignee: |
U.S. Philips Corporation (New
York, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
19809683 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/120,629 |
Filed: |
March 3, 1971 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Mar 25, 1970 [NL] |
|
|
7004341 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
600/514;
704/E13.008; 62/293; 623/24; 704/268; 381/67 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B
5/332 (20210101); A61B 7/00 (20130101); G10L
13/00 (20130101); A61B 5/7415 (20130101); A61F
2/20 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61F
2/20 (20060101); A61B 5/0404 (20060101); A61B
5/0402 (20060101); A61B 7/00 (20060101); G10L
13/00 (20060101); G10L 13/04 (20060101); A61b
005/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/2.6R,2.1A,2.6G
;179/1SA,1AL |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Kamm; William E.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A device for the audible reproduction of electrophysiological
signals comprising first means for producing said
electrophysiological signals from the action of the heart, second
means for converting said electrophysiological signals to
speechlike sounds including means for converting deviations of said
electrophysiological signals into corresponding speech sounding
deviations whereby said electrophysiological signal is reproduced
as a speech-like sound with deviations in said electrophysiological
signal reproduced as deviations in said speech-like sound so that
the human ear being more sensitive to tonal differences in a speech
sound will quickly detect the slightest deviation of said action of
the heart.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein said second means converts said
electrophysiological signals to sounds having a frequency of about
200 hertz.
3. The device of claim 1 wherein said means for converting
deviations comprises means for producing a tonal pitch swing to
said speech-like sounds which tonal pitch swing rises at the
beginning and drops at the end of a vowel to be reproduced whereby
said deviations in said electrophysiological signal are reproduced
in accordance with natural articulations.
4. The device of claim 1 wherein said second means comprises a
voltage controlled sine wave generator for producing a
monotonically variable frequency signal corresponding to said
electrophysiological signal and a pulse generator for receiving
said sine wave generator signal and producing pulse signals having
a maximum pulse duration of approximately 1 millisecond.
5. The device of claim 4 wherein said second means further includes
a first and second band pass filter means to simulate the mouth
cavity function of acting as an acoustic filter for the sounds
produced by the larynx, said filter means receiving the signal
produced by said pulse generator and said second band pass filter
means being electrically tunable and receiving the signal produced
by said first means which signal tunes said second band pass
filter.
6. The device of claim 5 which includes transducer means for
converting electrical signals to audible signals, said means
receiving the output of said first and second band pass filter
means.
7. The device of claim 6 which further includes envelope means
adapted to enclose said first and second means and is shaped in the
form of a T with a plurality of slots therein for the audible
transmission of audible signals from the means of claim 6 and a
plurality of contact arms mounted on said envelope means, said
contact arms being resilient for contact with portions of the human
body and wherein said means for producing physiological signals are
disposed in said contact arms.
Description
The invention relates to a device for the audible reproduction of
electrophysiological signals such as, for example, electrical
signals produced by the action of the heart.
Such a device is known from U. S. Pat. No. 3,650,264 dated Mar. 21,
1972. The device described therein modulates an audio-frequency
carrier wave both in frequency and in amplitude, in accordance with
an applied electrical signal. Variations in a signal to be detected
appear as variations of the pitch and as variations of the volume
of the sound.
The invention has for its object to reproduce said electrical
signal in a more directly appealing audible signal, in particular
by reproducing a cardiogram in a speech-like sound. A device of the
kind set forth is characterized according to the invention in that
electronic means are provided to convert electrophysiological
signals into speech-like sounds.
Such a device offers the advantage that a normal cardiogram is
reproduced as a readily recognizable speech-like sound and that
deviations in the cardiograms result in deviations in the
reproduced speech-like sound which correspond with speech sounds.
The human ear is very sensitive to tone differences in a speech
sound, so that slight deviations in a cardiogram will also be
quickly noticed. The response of the cardiogram thus obtained is
particularly suitable for verbal transfer. By choosing, for
example, the sound produced by a generally known physical
phenomenon as a standard sound, the sound signal can be defined by
standardizing all relevant circumstances.
In order that the invention may be readily carried into effect, one
embodiment thereof will now be described in detail, by way of
example, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawing,
in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic circuit arrangement of a device according
to the invention, and
FIG. 2 is an embodiment of a device according to the invention in
the form of a portable cardiogram recording apparatus.
With the aid of, for example, three input electrodes 1, 2 and 3,
electrical signals produced by the action of the heart are recorded
and supplied, via a preamplifier 4, to a voltage-controlled
sinewave generator 5 on the one hand, and to a frequency filter 6
on the other hand. As an input signal an electrocardiogram recorded
directly on a patient may be used, which recording may also be made
with more or less than three electrodes. As an input signal may
also be used a cardiogram signal recorded elsewhere, for example, a
voltage signal supplied by a recorder, in which case the
preamplifier 4 is superfluous. Signals to be supplied by the
voltage-controlled sinewave generator, the frequency of which
varies monotonously with the cardiogram voltage, are supplied to a
pulse generator 7. A maximum pulse duration thereof is, for
example, 0.1 ms. This pulse duration is not critical and may be
arbitrarily chosen with a maximum duration of about 1 ms within
given limits. The repetition frequency of the pulse generator 7
determines the pitch of the sound to be produced. A choice has to
be made for the average repetition frequency. For this frequency,
for example, 200 Hz may be chosen. The sound then lies at the level
of a high male voice (tenor) and a low female voice (alto),
respectively. In order to make the sound to be produced ultimately
resemble speech-like sounds, it is desirable to give the signal a
tone pitch swing. The choice therefore is rather arbitrary. In a
preferred embodiment attempts have been made to avoid a
machine-like sound as much as possible. Consequently, a tone pitch
swing of approximately 50 percent is introduced for conditions
producing maximum deflection in the cardiogram. For the device of
the pitch swing, a pitch rise is chosen at the beginning and a
pitch drop at the end of the vowel to be reproduced, which is again
in accordance with natural articulations. The voltage-controlled
generator 5 and the pulse generator 7 together act as an artificial
larynx. A mouth cavity acts as an acoustic filter and the
corresponding filter 6 acts as a simulation thereof. This filter is
composed of a first filter 8 and a second filter 9. In the mouth
cavity two low-pass bands or formant regions act as band-pass
filters for the reproduction of vowels. These two formants are
simulated by the two band-pass filters 8 and 9. These filters have
a Q-value of, for example, approximately 10 to 15. The filter 8
preferably has a permanently adjusted frequency which may lie, for
example, between approximately 200 Hz and 1,000 Hz, corresponding
to the intermediate frequency of the last formant. The filter 9 is
electrically tunable, the frequency at the low-frequency side
having about the value of the band-pass frequency of the filter 8,
and extending at the high-frequency side to, for example,
approximately 3,000 Hz. The tuning frequency varies monotonically
between these values with the cardiogram signal which is supplied
to the frequency filter via the conductor 10. A frequency of
approximately 1,200 Hz is chosen as the basic adjustment of the
frequency filter 9, this choice being arbitrary and giving the best
possible adaptation to speech-like sounds. By such an adjustment,
the condition representing maximum deflection in the cardiogram is
reproduced by a fast sound transition, for example, as a j-like
sound. The signals to be supplied by the filter are supplied via an
amplifier 11 to a loudspeaker 12 or to another device for the
conversion of electrical signals into sound signals, for example,
to a stetoscope.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 the various components are
accommodated in an envelope 13 of a suitable synthetic resin, the
design of which is slightly adapted to the manner in which the
apparatus is used. In order to provide a satisfactory electrical
contact between the electrodes 1, 2 and 3, and a physical surface,
such as the thorax in the case of an examination of the heart,
contact arms 14, 15 and 16 are provided on the envelope 13. These
arms may be mounted on the envelope 13 in a movable and/or
resilient manner.
The envelope is furthermore provided with a toggle switch 17 by
means of which the apparatus can be switched on and off. The volume
of the sound departing, for example, through slots 19 can be
controlled with the aid of a sliding knob 18.
* * * * *