U.S. patent number 3,732,594 [Application Number 05/172,999] was granted by the patent office on 1973-05-15 for closer hardware for sliding sash and the like.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Dorex Products, Inc.. Invention is credited to Roy Mills.
United States Patent |
3,732,594 |
Mills |
May 15, 1973 |
CLOSER HARDWARE FOR SLIDING SASH AND THE LIKE
Abstract
Horizontal movement of a part is achieved by a spring-actuated
slide vertically movable in a guide connected with one such part, a
link being pivotally attached at one end to said slide and having
its other end pivotally attached to another part. The link is
nearly, but not quite, on dead center in each of nearly horizontal
and nearly vertical positions in which the said parts are
relatively open and closed, the final movement of the actuated part
toward either extreme position being gentle and substantially free
of impact. It is broadly immaterial whether the part to which one
end of the link is pivoted is a sash or a frame, or whether bias is
provided by a compression spring, a tension spring, or an
elastomeric spring.
Inventors: |
Mills; Roy (Rossville, IN) |
Assignee: |
Dorex Products, Inc.
(Arlington, TX)
|
Family
ID: |
22630079 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/172,999 |
Filed: |
August 19, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
16/72; 16/200;
16/49 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E05F
1/16 (20130101); Y10T 16/593 (20150115); Y10T
16/643 (20150115); Y10T 16/27 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
E05F
1/08 (20060101); E05F 1/00 (20060101); E05f
001/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;16/49,65,71,80,72,76,85,197,199,200
;49/360,361,363,386,404,414,421,445 ;292/262,388 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: McCall; James T.
Assistant Examiner: Aschenbrenner; Peter A.
Claims
I claim:
1. Hardware for biasing a sliding part toward one of two extreme
positions thereof and with reference to another part, said hardware
comprising a pintle-fitting for mounting on one of said parts, a
slide housing for mounting on another of said parts, a slide
reciprocable in the housing, a link connected with the
pintle-fitting and with the slide, and biasing means having an
anchorage on the housing and having a thrust bearing on the slide,
the geometry of the slide housing and link and pintle fitting being
such that the action of the biasing means upon the slide is
substantially at right angles to the direction of movement of the
pintle fitting effected by said link.
2. Hardware according to claim 1 in which said housing has a slot
through which said link is connected to said slide, said slide
having a bearing on said housing, the housing having means for
mounting it upon one of said parts, and the pintle-fitting having
means for mounting it on another of said parts.
3. Hardware according to claim 2 in which the biasing means
comprises a spring within the housing, the housing being elongated
as for connection with the margin of a sash.
4. The combination of a pair of relatively movable parts at least
one of which comprises a sash, means providing a guideway in which
said sash is reciprocable in a generally horizontal direction, a
pintle in connection with one of said parts, an elongated guide
connected with the other of said parts and disposed substantially
at right angles to the direction of relative movement between said
parts, a slide reciprocable along said guide between first and
second positions, said first position being close to the level of
the pintle, a link connected with said pintle and pivotally
connected to said carrier and disposed approximately normal to the
path of movement of the slide between the first and second
positions thereof, the link having a pivotal connection with the
slide in a position slightly elevated above the level of the pintle
in the said first position of the carrier, and means for biasing
said slide toward said first position.
5. A combination according to claim 4 in which the last mentioned
means comprises a compression spring provided with a seat on said
slide.
6. A combination according to claim 4 in which said last means
comprises a tension spring of such length as to maintain the slide
under only slight tension when the slide is in said first
position.
7. A combination according to claim 4 in which the slide has means
guiding it for reciprocation in a generally up and down direction,
the guide comprising a tube having a slot and the slide having
means projecting from the slot and connected with said spring.
8. A combination according to claim 4 in which the other of said
parts comprises another sash, the bias of said spring acting
through the slide and said link to bias both of said parts in a
direction to effect relative separation thereof, the movement of
either of said parts in a direction to move the parts closer
together and opposite to said bias being adapted to increase the
bias in a part-separating direction.
9. In a slidable sash unit having relatively slidable parts at
least one of which comprises a relatively slidable sash, a frame
for said sash, means comprising a link for controlling relative
movement between two relatively slidable parts of said unit said
link being rotatably connected near one end of said link to a first
said relatively slidable part, the other end of said link being
vertically movably connected to a second said relatively slidable
part, and resilient means adapted to apply a force to said
vertically movable end of said link in the plane of the connection,
said link being displacable substantially through a right angle
during relative movement of said parts from one extreme of movement
to the other.
10. The device of claim 9, the first and second relatively slidable
parts comprising two relatively slidable sash.
11. The device of claim 9, the first and second said relatively
slidable parts comprising said sash and said frame.
Description
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
There has long been an unsatisfied demand for a simple,
inexpensive, and easily applicable door closer which will operate a
single sash or either of two sash and will be attractive in
use.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
Fundamentally, a link has an anchor fitting pivoted to one of its
ends for accommodating link movement between a generally horizontal
position and an elevated position and has at its other end a
pivotal connection to a slide provided with a guide along which the
slide is movable upwardly and downwardly, the slide being subject
to bias in one of said directions, whereby the generally vertical
movement of the slide effects generally horizontal relative
movement between the guide and the fulcrum to which the link is
attached. Assuming that the objective is to control the movement of
one or two sash with respect to each other or their frame, it will
become apparent that a fulcrum for the first mentioned end of the
link may be mounted selectively either on the frame or on one of
the sash, the guide in which the slide is reciprocable being
mounted on another sash or on the frame.
The desired arrangement is one in which the link does not quite
approach dead center in either of its extreme positions. Thus, as
it approaches either extreme, the relative movement of the sash
controlled by the link is inherently retarded gradually so that the
controlled sash slows with substantially no impact to a stop at its
ultimate position. In fact, it tends to remain static in either
extreme position until manually displaced for movement in the
direction of, or opposite to, the bias to which it is subject.
The slide may be biased by compression or tension springs or by
other elastomeric means. It is mounted for reciprocation in a
guideway normal to the path of movement of the sash upon which the
link acts. If there are two sash relatively slideable, the pintle
fitting to which one end of the link is pivoted may be attached to
either of the sash and the guide for the slide may be attached to
the other. Either one may then be closed by the spring-biased
movement of the slide as communicated by the sash by the link.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a view in front elevation of a pair of sliding sash
exemplifying a use for the hardware herein disclosed.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged detail view in longitudinal section through a
tubular guide member and a slide, and a compression spring usable
in the assembly of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 showing a modified embodiment
employing tension spring means for actuating the slide in the guide
housing.
FIG. 4 is a view taken in transverse section on the line 4--4 of
FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a further enlarged fragmentary detail view showing in
mutually separated positions component parts of the hardware.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
A primary function of the invention herein disclosed is to actuate
one or a pair of sliding sash but the invention has other utility.
In this connection, it should be observed also that the term "sash"
is intended to be interpreted broadly to include, for example, a
sliding door which does not necessarily include an element other
than a sheet of glass. Whether the actuated part is literally a
door or a sash, and regardless of the material of which it is made,
it is generally desirable that the closing mechanism shall function
to effect positive, tight closure without substantial impact.
Because the instant device transmits bias to the sliding door or
other part through a link which has a range of nearly 90 degrees of
pivotal movement, the energy of the closing device becomes
practically completely ineffective at each extreme of that
movement.
In the organization shown in FIG. 1, there is a door frame 10
having conventional ways in which sliding sash or doors 12 and 14
are horizontally reciprocable. On the sash 12 there is mounted the
pintle fitting 16 (separately illustrated in FIG. 5). This fitting
comprises a plate 18 screwed to the lower corner of sash 12 and
supporting a projecting pintle 20 on which is pivoted one end of
link 22. Desirably, a split retainer 24 engages a groove 26 in
pintle 20 to hold the link 22 in place.
The end of link 22 opposite the bearing aperture 28 for the pintle
20 is recessed as shown at 30 to receive a thrust roller 32 near
the end 36 of the slide 34. A cross pin 38 passes through the
bifurcated end 36 of slide 34 and through the recess 30 of link 22
to maintain the parts in assembly while accommodating rolling
movement of the roller 32 in the guide housing. The housing 40 in
this particular assembly is mounted on the vertical margin of
sliding sash 14 and its recess 30. The roller 32 projects from the
link 22 as best shown in FIG. 4. Additional rollers 35 are
preferably pivoted on the upper end of the "slide" 34 to roll on
the interior surface of the tube 40 for guidance of the "slide."
The tube 40, incidentally, may be of any desired cross section,
preferably being an extension of rectangular cross section.
The slide 34 is reciprocable vertically in housing 40 and is
subject to downward bias supplied in any desired manner. In the
embodiment of FIG. 2, a compression spring 48 has a seat at 50 at
the upper end of slide 34 and it has an adjustable seat 52 against
which a tension spring 54 bears. The spring 54 has its upper end
engaged with a seat 56 adjustably supported by means of thumbscrew
58, extending through slot 44, to control the total bias exerted on
the slide. A guide 55 may be connected to slide 34 and extend
upwardly through seat 52 and through the annular spring seat 56 for
sliding guidance therein.
In the embodiment of FIG. 3 tension means which may comprise
tension springs 63 or elastomeric cords or one such spring and one
guide rod 61 (FIG. 4) have anchorages 62 at the bottom of the
housing 42. At their upper ends they are connected to the legs 66
of slide 64 which, in this embodiment, extend much higher in the
housing in order that the tension bias may be exerted at the upper
end of the slide. The slide 64 desirably has a guide roller 65
riding in sash tube 42 as shown in FIG. 4.
As will be apparent in FIG. 1, the geometry of the device is such
that when the sash 12 and 14 are closed, the link 22 is nearly, but
not entirely, horizontal. In FIG. 1, a dotted line illustrates the
position of the link when one of the sash 12 or 14 is partly open.
It is immaterial which sash has been opened. In either case, the
movement of the one sash horizontally with respect to the other has
resulted in changing the angle of the link 22 to about sixty
degrees instead of nearly horizontal. This movement of the link has
forced the slide 34 to move up the guide housing 40 against the
bias of whatever resilient means is incorporated therein. It will
be evident that it is entirely immaterial to the invention whether
the pintle fixture 16 is located on one of two relatively movable
sash or whether it is on the frame in which a single sash is
operable. It is also immaterial to the functioning of the invention
whether the guide housing 40 is located on the frame or upon one or
the other of the two doors, if there are two. In either event, the
link 22 will be oscillated counterclockwise as viewed in FIG. 1
until, when the sash or other part is fully open, the link will
stand nearly vertical. The thrust of the biasing means will now be
almost in line with the link and hence the door will tend to stand
open by friction until closing movement is manually initiated.
In closing, the movement of the slide will accelerate as the spring
48 approaches the application of its bias at right angles to the
link 32. However, as the door approaches fully closed position, the
movement of the spring-actuated slide 34 which propels the link
will be almost at right angles to the direction of movement of the
door. Thus the geometry is such that a given increment of movement
of the slide is producing less and less movement of the door. Also,
the spring is approaching its relaxed position and has a minimum of
stored energy. For this reason, there is virtually no impact when
the door closes. The result is the same whether the spring has its
slide guided on the door that is being moved or on the relatively
stationary part consisting either of the other sash or the
frame.
Desirably some low-friction means guides the slide 34 in the
housing 40. For example, rods 61 of low friction synthetic resin
may be mounted in slide 34.
It is also possible to provide simple and convenient means for
locking a door against opening movement. By way of illustration of
one inexpensive locking device, as shown in FIG. 1, a retractable
pin 68 is mounted in the wall of housing 14. It will be apparent
that unless the pin 68 is retracted from the housing 40 the slide
34 cannot move vertically in the housing 40 and therefore the door
or doors controlled by the device cannot be operated.
The door or doors may also be locked open in like manner but this
is ordinarily unnecessary because of the fact that when the door or
doors stand open, they are sufficiently close to vertical dead
center so that the closing movement will not initiate itself. The
same would be true in the closed position of the parts were it not
for the fact that the geometry of link 22 is such as to prevent it
from reaching dead center position, the object being to permit the
parts to yield under manual pressure without requiring the person
opening the door to lean over and lift the link.
* * * * *