U.S. patent number 3,731,849 [Application Number 05/165,566] was granted by the patent office on 1973-05-08 for container and cap combination to indicate tampering.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Teledyne Mid-American Corporation. Invention is credited to Frederick J. Burrows.
United States Patent |
3,731,849 |
Burrows |
May 8, 1973 |
CONTAINER AND CAP COMBINATION TO INDICATE TAMPERING
Abstract
A container and cap combination which indicates tampering if the
cap is removed from the container, and then restored to its initial
position on the container. The container has a tip which is adapted
to be used to discharge its contents and which may be externally
threaded. The tip connects with the shoulder on the forward end of
the container and the shoulder connects with the side wall of the
container, which, at least in the case of a collapsible tube, is
initially open at the lower end but is subsequently filled with
contents and closed. From the shoulder there extends a flange in
the same direction as the tip and around the tip. The cap, which
may be made of pliable plastic such as polyethylene, polypropylene
or the like or of other materials such as metals, has an end wall
adapted to close the opening of the tip, side walls connected to
the end wall which may have internal threads to engage threads on
the tip, and an outwardly extending flange which is smaller in
diameter than and within the flange on the container, the flange on
the container being inwardly flared over the outer edge of the
flange on the cap. In removing the cap, the cap may outwardly
deform the flange on the container and thus when the cap is
restored indicate that the tube has been subjected to tampering.
Instead, the cap may be so pliable that it will spring from under
the flange on the container and be impossible to restore beneath
the flange on the container, thus indicating that the container has
been subject to tampering. In another variation the cap or the
container flange may be frangible and may separate into two parts
if an effort is made to remove the cap, thus indicating tampering.
The flange on the container is preferably continuous, but it may
consist of a plurality of lugs, projections, scallops or the like.
While in smaller containers the flange on the container will
preferably be of the same diameter as the side wall, in larger
containers the flange on the container will preferably be of a
smaller diameter than the side wall of the container. In the
preferred embodiment the flange on the cap is provided with a
sloping diagonal edge at its outer corner adjacent the shoulder of
the container, to aid it in deforming any bent portion of the
flange on the container outwardly in inserting the cap.
Inventors: |
Burrows; Frederick J. (Aston,
PA) |
Assignee: |
Teledyne Mid-American
Corporation (Chester, PA)
|
Family
ID: |
22599463 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/165,566 |
Filed: |
July 23, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
222/153.06 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
55/02 (20130101); B65D 41/34 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
41/34 (20060101); B65D 55/02 (20060101); B67b
003/26 () |
Field of
Search: |
;222/153,551,562,546,541,182,107 ;215/43 ;220/39B,85P |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Tollberg; Stanley H.
Claims
Having thus described my invention what I claim as new and desire
to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. A container and cap combination which indicates tampering after
the cap has once been removed from the container, comprising a
container having a threaded tip adapted to discharge the contents,
a shoulder extending outwardly from the tip, a side wall extending
from the shoulder in a direction opposite to the tip and a
continuous container flange integral with and extending from the
shoulder in the same direction as the tip and around the tip, and a
cap having an end wall adapted to close the tip, threaded side
walls connected to the end wall cooperating with the threads on the
tip and having engagement with the tip and an outward cap
continuous flange extending within the flange on the container and
in contact with it, the flange on the container being inwardly
flared over the outer edge of the flange on the cap, the flange on
the cap projecting into the area between the inwardly flared edge
of the flange on the container and the shoulder of the container so
that the top of the cap extends out of the area which is free of
the inwardly flared edge of the flange on the container, the
container flange or the cap flange being of a material which must
be distorted to remove the cap, the cap and container combination
in case the cap is once removed indicating tampering.
2. The invention of claim 1, in which on removal of the cap the
flange on the cap is adapted to force the flange on the container
into a different shape.
3. The invention of claim 1, in which the flange on the cap is
pliable, and on removal of the cap the flange on the cap springs
from under the inwardly flared portion of the flange on the
container and on restoring the cap the flange on the cap remains
above the flange on the container.
4. The invention of claim 1, in which the cap has a frangible
portion and on removal of the cap the flange on the cap breaks off
at the frangible portion.
5. The invention of claim 1, in which the flange on the container
is frangible and on removal of the cap the flange on the container
breaks.
6. The invention of claim 1, in which the flange on the cap has an
outward corner adjoining the shoulder which is relieved and adapted
to force any inwardly bent portions of the flange on the container
outwardly when the flange of the cap is first applied to the
container before the flange on the container has been inwardly
flared.
Description
The invention relates to a combination of a container and a cap.
The container of the invention will preferably be a collapsible
tube, although it may be a bottle, can or other container. When a
collapsible tube is referred to in describing a specific
embodiment, it will be understood that this description is
exemplary.
The container has a tip provided with an opening which will
eventually discharge the contents of the container when the
container is filled, and this tip may be externally threaded. The
tip connects with the shoulder on the forward end of the container
which extends outwardly from the tip. The container has a side wall
which extends from the shoulder in the direction opposite to the
tip, and in the case of a collapsible tube this side wall will
preferably be open at the bottom for insertion of the contents at
the time of manufacture of the tube and cap. The container has a
flange extending from the shoulder in the same direction as the tip
and extending around the tip. On this tip is a cap having an end
wall which is adapted to close the discharge opening in the tip and
having side walls connected to the end wall. These side walls
engage the tip either by a frictional engagement or by internal
threads which engage external threads on the tip. At the end of the
side wall of the cap nearest the shoulder the cap has an outward
flange suitably inclined following the shoulder of the container,
and permissibly having a sloping wall adjoining the corner nearest
to the shoulder. The flange on the container is inwardly flared as
by hot or cold forming, such as deforming, staking or otherwise
over the outer edge of the flange on the cap.
In case the cap is removed after filling the container, this
combination is adapted to indicate tampering by removal of the
cap.
In one embodiment the cap material is relatively stiff, though it
may be of a plastic, and even of a thermoplastic such as
polyethylene, polyvinylchloride or the like, which as known in the
art is so "dense" that in case of removal of the cap it distorts
the flared portion of the flange on the container, and in case the
cap is restored, the upstanding portion of the flange on the
container indicates that the container has been tampered with.
In another embodiment the cap is of a pliable material, preferably
a thermoplastic plastic such as polyethylene, polypropylene or
polyvinylchloride of low density or stiffness, so that the flange
on the cap bends or separates inwardly over the inwardly flared
portion of the flange on the container, and in case of subsequent
restoring of the cap to the container, the flange on the container
is deformed and indicates that the tube has been tampered with.
In another embodiment, the cap has a frangible portion, suitably a
frangible flange or a portion of the side wall adjoining the
flange, so that the cap breaks apart and leaves a portion of the
cap under the flared portion of the flange on the container in case
of removal of the cap, thus indicating that the container has been
tampered with.
In another embodiment of the invention the flange on the container
is frangible and breaks apart when the cap is removed and the
presence of this break indicates that tampering has occurred.
It will be evident that combinations of these designs are
permitted, as for example where the cap partially distorts the
flared portion of the flange on the container and partially springs
from under the flared portion of the flange on the container in
removal, and does not permit restoration of the exact appearance of
the container and cap combination, thus indicating tampering.
In many cases it is preferable to make the flange on the container
non-continuous rather than continuous, in which case it will be a
series of lugs, projections, scallops or the like, which are
effectively a flange.
If the container is of small diameter, the flange on the container
preferably has the same diameter as the side wall of the container,
but in larger containers the flange on the container is preferably
of smaller diameter.
In the drawings several embodiments are shown to indicate different
applications of the principles of the invention, choosing the forms
from the standpoints of simplicity of illustration, satisfactory
operation and clear demonstration of the principles involved.
In all of FIGS. 1-14 and 17 the parts shown are symmetrical around
the circumference and all cross sections on the axis are the
same.
FIGS. 1-5 indicate a sequence of manufacture and use of the
preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 1 indicates a container, suitably a collapsible tube as
extruded, the view showing the tube in fragmentary axial
section.
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary axial section of the tube of FIG. 1 after
producing the threads on the tip and trimming around the
orifice.
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary axial section of the tube of FIG. 2 after
capping.
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary axial section of the tube of FIG. 3 after
the flange on the tube has been formed over the flange on the
cap.
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary axial section of the tube and cap of FIG. 4
after removal and replacement of the cap.
FIGS. 6 and 7 indicate a variation in which the cap flange is
sufficiently elastic to spring from under the flange on the
container.
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary axial section corresponding to FIG. 4 of
the container and cap as modified after forming of the flange on
the container over the flange on the cap.
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary axial section of the tube and cap of FIG. 6
after removal and replacement of the cap, indicating tampering.
FIGS. 8-10 show a modification in which the cap has a frangible
flange.
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary axial section corresponding to FIG. 3,
showing the cap in place on the container before forming the flange
on the container over the flange on the cap.
FIG. 9 is a fragmentary axial section of FIG. 8 after forming the
flange on the container over the flange on the cap.
FIG. 10 is a fragmentary axial section of the cap partially removed
and showing the breaking of the flange from the tip away from the
rest of the cap to indicate tampering.
FIGS. 11-14 show a modification of the invention using a frangible
flange on the container.
FIG. 11 is a fragmentary axial section corresponding to FIG. 2
showing the container tip ready for insertion of the cap, with a
modified flange on the container.
FIG. 12 is a fragmentary axial section like FIG. 11 after a cap has
been put on the tip of the container.
FIG. 13 is a fragmentary axial section like FIG. 12 after the
flange on the container has been formed over the flange on the
cap.
FIG. 14 shows partial removal of the cap in the container-cap
combination of FIG. 13, showing breaking of the flange on the
container to indicate tampering.
FIG. 15 is a fragmentary side elevation of a container fitted with
a cap according to the invention in which the flange on the
container consists of a plurality of symmetrical scallops.
FIG. 16 is a fragmentary side elevation of a container and cap
according to the invention in which the flange on the container
consists of a plurality of symmetrical lugs.
FIG. 17 is a fragmentary axial section corresponding to FIG. 4,
showing a modified tip and cap construction according to the
invention.
In modern packaging using collapsible tubes, bottles, cans and the
like, great emphasis is placed on freedom from particles which may
contaminate the content. While this development in part stems from
packaging of ophthalmic preparations and other pharmaceutical
preparations in which the presence of particles in the content is
counterindicated, it is considered very important to avoid the
possibility of any foreign matter in any preparation dispensed by
means of a collapsible tube, bottle, can or the like.
The prior practice of closing the discharge opening in the tip by a
membrane of metal when the container is initially sold, and of
having the user break this metal membrane as by screwing down on
the cap, is therefore now frowned upon since the metal membrane may
itself contaminate the contents or separate into particles which
will contaminate the contents.
Also, many containers, especially collapsible tubes, are coated
with a protecting layer, and any opening of the tip which involves
unprotected material of the container (such as aluminum alloy, tin
alloy or lead alloy) is deemed unsatisfactory.
Accordingly, one of the purposes of the invention is to indicate
that the container has been tampered with by removing its cap, even
if none of the contents has been removed. This is particularly
important to indicate loss of microbiological sterility or purity
by exposure to organisms.
In the invention an effort is made to make as little change as
possible in the practice of manufacturing and capping containers
and distributing such capped containers to be filled with contents
dispensed by the container.
The invention lends itself to extruding containers such as
collapsible tubes with a very slight modification in their
construction, producing caps which are slightly different from
standard caps, and capping the containers either by hand or by
machine in much the normal way, the only marked deviation from
usual practice being the flaring of the flange of the cap by
rolling, deforming, staking or otherwise.
In accordance with the invention the container as extruded has a
tip provided with a discharge opening through which the contents of
the container will be dispensed. The discharge opening may be
wholly open or later to be opened, although as discussed above it
is not preferred to have the discharge opening closed by a membrane
when the container is sold. The tip may or may not have external
threads which will cooperate with internal threads on the cap. The
container extends outwardly from the base of the tip in a shoulder,
usually diagonal or inclined to the axis of the container, and the
shoulder joins to a side wall which extends to the bottom of the
container. The container as extruded and sold normally has a round
open bottom which will subsequently be used to insert the contents
and then closed as in normal practice.
Unlike most containers, however, the container of the invention has
a flange which extends upwardly or in the direction around the tip
from the shoulder. This flange may be of the same outside diameter
as the side wall or of a smaller diameter than the side wall, as
preferred in larger containers. This flange on the container is to
cooperate with the cap in indicating that there has been tampering
if the cap is removed before the container reaches the ultimate
user. The removal of the cap during the process of shipment or sale
may not be for the purpose of pilfering (theft) but may be the
result of curiosity or mischief. Nevertheless, it may do great harm
as removal of the cap violates microbiological sterility and may
cause infectious organisms to come into a supposedly sterile
pharmaceutical preparation or the like.
The cap of the invention surrounds the tip and has an end wall
which is adapted to close the discharge opening on the container.
The cap also has side walls connected to the end wall which extend
around the tip and may or may not have internal threads cooperating
with external threads if present on the tip. The distinctive
feature of the invention is the presence of a flange at the end of
the cap adjoining the shoulder, preferably sloping into conformity
with the shoulder, and fitting inside a flange on the
container.
Once the cap is seated on the tip, the flange on the container is
inwardly flared over the flange on the cap as by deforming, staking
or the like.
There are several ways as previously set forth above in which after
removal of the cap the fact of tampering may be indicated. In one
embodiment which applies to a cap of stiff material such as metal,
thermosetting plastic or stiff thermoplastic plastic, the removal
of the cap may distort the flange on the container outwardly around
the cap, so that in restoring the cap to its initial position it
will be difficult or impossible for a person who has tampered with
the container to restore the flange on the cap to its initial
inwardly flared shape and the presence of an upstanding flange will
indicate that the container has been tampered with.
In another embodiment of the invention, using a pliable cap,
preferably of pliable thermoplastic such as polyethylene,
polypropylene or polyvinylchloride, the flange on the cap may
spring inwardly over the inwardly flared flange on the container,
and thus escape from the flange on the container without initially
changing the position of the flange on the container. In case the
tamperer desired to restore the cap, however, he cannot get it down
again under the flange on the container and he may in trying to do
so additionally distort the flange on the container, thus
disclosing that the tube has been tampered with. As thermoplastic
such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polyvinylchloride are
commonly prepared in various densities and stiffnesses, it will be
evident that the pliability of the flange on the cap can be assured
by a combination of thinness and density of the plastic.
In some embodiments the cap is made frangible, so that the flange
on the cap or the lower part of the side wall of the cap will be
broken in removal of the cap, indicating tampering.
In another embodiment of the invention the flange on the container
is made frangible so that it is broken off in removal of the cap,
thus indicating tampering.
It is evident that the correct functioning of the flange on the cap
and the flange on the container can be worked out by achieving the
stiffness or pliability of the material of the cap, the thickness
of the flange on the cap, the stiffness of the material on the
container and the thickness of the flange on the container. The
invention can be applied to containers made of metal, such as
aluminum alloy, lead alloy, tin alloy, steel or the like and also
made of plastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene,
polyvinylchloride and the like. The cap on the container can also
be made of metal, such as aluminum alloy, lead alloy or tin alloy
or the like or of plastic such as phenolformaldehyde,
ureaformaldehyde, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylchloride or
the like.
In FIG. 1 a container, suitably a collapsible tube, has a tip 30
with a discharge opening 31, a closed end 32, a downwardly
diagonally sloping shoulder 33 and a side wall 34. Additionally,
this tube has an upwardly extending flange 35 in prolongation of
the side wall. The container of FIG. 1 is preferably produced by
impact extrusion. In FIG. 2 the end of the tip has been trimmed to
produce an open end 36 and external threads 37 have been formed on
the outside of the tip near the shoulder.
FIG. 3 shows a cap 38 applied to the tip having an end wall 40
which closes the open end 36, side walls 41 which surround the tip
30 and internal threads 42 which engage the threads 37. At its
lower end the cap has an external flange 43 which preferably
conforms with the slope of the shoulder and terminates at its
corner near the shoulder in a sloping diagonal corner 44 which is
adapted to prevent the flange 35, if damaged during manufacture,
from being caught under the flange on the cap. In FIG. 4 the flange
35 on the container has been flared in over the flange 43 engaging
it. This shows the completed package. FIG. 5 shows the container of
FIG. 4 after removal and reinsertion of the cap. It will be seen
that the flange 43 on the cap is so strong and stiff that the
flange 35 on the container has been outwardly distorted in removing
the cap, and though it is possible to restore the cap as shown, the
flange 35 clearly indicates by its form that the tampering has
occurred.
FIG. 6 shows a cap which has a flange 43' which by reason of
thinness and pliability of the cap material, suitably a low density
thermoplastic, springs from under the flange 35 of the container
and in case of restoring the cap as shown in FIG. 7 the flange 43'
cannot go under the flange 35 but is distorted upwardly and at the
same time distorts the flange 35 downwardly, clearly indicating
that tampering has taken place. It will be evident that in this
form the flange 35 of the container has been thickened to make it
more substantial.
FIG. 8 shows a cap which is slightly modified to provide a
frangible portion 45 at the base of the side wall 41 and where the
cap flange 43.sup.2 begins.
While the cap of FIG. 8 is preferably of low density thermoplastic
in order that it may break easily, it may also be made of metal or
thermosetting plastic.
In FIG. 9 the flange 35 on the container has been flared over the
flange 43.sup.2 on the cap. In case of removal of the cap as shown
in FIG. 10, the flange 43.sup.2 on the cap breaks off the side wall
41 of the cap, disclosing the presence of tampering.
In FIG. 11 a container is shown having a tip and a flange 35' which
is relatively weaker than the flanges on the containers previously
discussed.
In FIG. 12 when a cap of relatively stiff and strong material is
applied and the flange 35' on the container is flared over the
flange 43 on the cap as in FIG. 13, a structure is produced in
which in case of removal of the cap as in FIG. 14, the deliberately
weakened flange 35' breaks off the container as shown, thus
indicating that tampering has taken place.
FIG. 15 shows a cap having a flange 43 and the container is varied
in that the flange on the container consists of a series of
scallops 35.sup.3 which are symmetrically placed around the
container as in the previous figures, but which are separately
flared inwardly over the flange 43 of the cap.
In FIG. 16 the flange on the container consists of a symmetrical
series of lugs 35.sup.2 which are inwardly flared over the flange
on the cap.
In the other figures an elongated container tip has been shown such
as will be used on an ophthalmic tube and the flange on the
container has been of the same diameter as the side wall of the
container. This will not necessarily be the case and in FIG. 17 a
container has been shown having a short tip or standard tip and
having a flange on the container of a smaller diameter than the
side wall on the container.
In view of my invention and disclosure, variations and
modifications to meet individual whim or particular need will
doubtless become evident to others skilled in the art to obtain all
or part of the benefits of my invention without copying the
structure shown, and I, therefore, claim all such insofar as they
fall within the reasonable spirit and scope of my claims.
* * * * *