U.S. patent number 3,731,412 [Application Number 05/113,311] was granted by the patent office on 1973-05-08 for display apparatus.
Invention is credited to Robert Bernard Stanish, Frank Thomas Winslow.
United States Patent |
3,731,412 |
Winslow , et al. |
May 8, 1973 |
DISPLAY APPARATUS
Abstract
Art work formed as colored translucent lines and areas on a
design pane is illuminated to provide a changing display as a
passageway panel between the design pane and a source of light
rotates with the design pane to cause liquid in the passageway
panel to flow from a passageway that is between the art work and
the source of light to another passageway in the passageway panel
where it does not block light from the art work. The art work may
be illuminated progressively in any direction and at different
speeds and locations by properly positioning the passageways. In
the alternative, the liquid may flow from the passageway behind the
art work to a separate movable container that is raised by a motor
above the passageway and then lowered beneath the passageway while
the design pane and passageway panel remain stationary.
Inventors: |
Winslow; Frank Thomas (Chicago,
IL), Stanish; Robert Bernard (Chicago, IL) |
Family
ID: |
26810913 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/113,311 |
Filed: |
February 8, 1971 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
|
865925 |
Oct 13, 1969 |
3638342 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
40/406;
40/473 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G09F
13/24 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G09F
13/00 (20060101); G09F 13/24 (20060101); G09f
013/24 () |
Field of
Search: |
;40/106.21,33 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Michell; Robert W.
Assistant Examiner: Pitrelli; John F.
Parent Case Text
This application is a continuation-in-part of the United States
patent application, Ser. No. 865,925, filed Oct. 13, 1969, for
DISPLAY APPARATUS by Frank T. Winslow and Robert B. Stanish now
U.S. Pat. No. 3,638,342.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A display apparatus comprising:
a viewing surface having a design background;
at least one continuous circuit formed of a material capable of
passing light;
said conduit being partly filled with a fluid capable of of
blocking at least some frequencies of light;
a design formed of lines and areas upon a design background;
said lines and areas being aligned with at least a portion of said
conduit;
means for changing the position of said conduit at different times
so that at one time a first portion of said conduit is above a
second portion and at another time a second portion of the conduit
is above the first portion;
a panel adjacent to the viewing surface;
a first portion of said continuous conduit being within said panel
and a second portion being external to said panel;
said means for changing the position of said conduit including
means for raising and lowering the portion of said conduit external
to said panel while said panel is stationary.
2. A display apparatus comprising:
a viewing surface having a design background;
at least one continuous conduit formed of a material capable of
passing light;
said conduit being partly filled with a fluid capable of blocking
at least some frequencies of light;
a design formed of lines and areas upon a design back-ground;
said lines and areas being aligned with at least a portion of said
conduit;
means for changing the position of said conduit at different times
so that at one time a first portion of said conduit is above a
second portion and at another time a second portion of the conduit
is above the first portion;
a panel adjacent to the viewing surface;
a first portion of said continuous conduit being within said panel
and a second portion being external to said panel;
a second panel located at an angle to said first-mentioned
panel;
said second portion of said continuous conduit being within said
second panel;
said viewing surface extending over said second panel; and
said means for changing position of said conduit including a means
for rotating said first and second panels through at least a
portion of a circle about a horizontal axis.
3. A display apparatus comprising:
a viewing surface having a design background;
at least one continuous conduit formed of a material capable of
passing light;
said conduit being partly filled with a fluid capable of blocking
at least some frequencies of light;
a design formed of lines and areas upon a design background;
said lines and areas being aligned with at least a portion of said
conduit;
means for changing the position of said conduit at different times
so that at one time a first portion of said conduit is above a
second portion and at another time a second portion of the conduit
is above the first portion;
a panel adjacent to said viewing surface;
said continuous conduit being entirely within said panel;
said means for changing the position of said conduit including
means for rotating said panel;
said panel including a center of rotation;
one of said first and second portions of said conduit being located
radially outwardly from said center of rotation from the other
portion of said conduit;
said design overlying one of said portions and the other of said
portions of the conduit being relatively large; and
there being a restricted portion between said one portion and said
other portion, whereby bubbles pass from said other portion to said
one portion as said one portion is raised above said other portion
by the rotation of said panel.
4. A display apparatus comprising:
a viewing surface having a design background;
at least one continuous conduit formed of a material capable of
passing light;
said conduit being partly filled with a fluid capable of blocking
at least some frequencies of light;
a design formed of lines and areas upon a design background;
said lines and areas being aligned with at least a portion of said
conduit;
means for changing the position of said conduit at different times
so that at one time a first portion of said conduit is above a
second portion and at another time a second portion of the conduit
is above the first portion;
a panel adjacent to said viewing surface;
said continuous conduit having first, second and third sections
within said panel;
said first section of said continuous conduit having a first end
communicating with said second section and a second end
communicating with said third section;
said second section of said conduit having a first end
communicating with said first end of said first section and having
a second end;
said third section of said conduit having a first end communicating
with said second end of said first section and having a second
end;
said second ends of said second and third sections being positioned
adjacent to and on opposite sides of said first section;
a tube extending partly outside of said panel and connecting said
second ends of said second and third sections, whereby a continuous
path in the conduit is formed that includes said tube and having at
least two loops therein;
said panel having a center of rotation;
said means for changing the position including means for rotating
said panel about said center of rotation, whereby one section of
said continuous conduit is raised above another section at
different times.
5. A display apparatus comprising:
a viewing surface having a design background;
at least one continuous conduit formed of a material capable of
passing light;
said conduit being partly filled with a fluid capable of blocking
at least some frequencies of light;
a design formed of lines and areas upon a design background;
said lines and areas being aligned with at least a portion of said
conduit;
means for changing the position of said conduit at different times
so that at one time a first portion of said conduit is above a
second portion and at another time a second portion of the conduit
is above the first portion;
a panel adjacent to said viewing surface;
said continuous conduit being entirely within said panel;
said means for changing the position of said conduit including
means for rotating said panel;
a second panel;
a second continuous conduit entirely within said second panel;
said first and second panels being attached together;
said second continuous conduit including a liquid capable of
blocking at least some frequencies of light;
said second conduit being aligned at least in one portion with said
design and said first-mentioned continuous conduit;
a design sheet having translucent and opaque portions, said design
sheet being positioned between and connecting said first-mentioned
and second panels;
said translucent portions of said design sheet being aligned with
at least a portion of said design formed of lines and areas on a
design background and at least one of said continuous conduits.
6. Display apparatus comprising:
a plurality of panels;
each of said panels including a first and a second sheet formed of
a material capable of passing light and an orifice means for
permitting said passageways to communicate with an external source
of liquid;
each of said first sheets having a plurality of continuous channels
therein;
each of said second sheets being attached to a different first
sheet over said continuous channels and being sealed to the first
sheet with a liquid-tight seal, whereby at least one continuous
passageway is formed through said panel;
one of said first and second sheets in each panel being adapted to
have indicia for display positioned against it;
each of the panels being mounted about a single horizontal axis of
rotation;
each of the panels having a passageway that communicates with the
passageway of another of said panels;
said display apparatus further including a means for moving each of
said panels in succession from a substantially horizontal position
beneath said axis to a vertical position.
7. A display apparatus comprising:
a viewing surface having a design background;
at least one continuous conduit formed of a material capable of
passing light;
said conduit being partly filled with a fluid capable of blocking
at least some frequencies of light;
a design formed of lines and areas upon a design background;
said lines and areas being aligned with at least a portion of said
conduit;
means for changing the position of said conduit at different times
so that at one time a first portion of said conduit is above a
second portion and at another time a second portion of the conduit
is above the first portion;
one of said first and second portions of said conduit being
adjacent to an opaque portion of said viewing surface;
at least a portion of said design being capable of passing light
and including a plurality of spaced-apart lines and areas on said
viewing surface opposite said conduit so that light rays
perpendicular to said viewing surface and passing through the lines
and areas also pass through said conduit, with some of said lines
extending in directions independent of the direction of the conduit
and some of said lines and areas having sizes smaller than the
conduit, whereby an artistic design is animated under the control
of said means for changing the position of said conduit at
different times.
8. A display apparatus according to claim 7 in which one of said
first and second portions of said conduit includes an enlarged
portion, whereby the free flow of said fluid removes bubbles from
said conduit.
Description
This invention relates to display apparatuses and more particularly
relates to display apparatuses of the type in which a design is
displayed as a liquid flows through the apparatus from one location
to another.
In the co-pending United States application Ser. No. 865,925, filed
Oct. 13, 1969, by Frank T. Winslow and Robert B. Stanish for
Display Apparatus, a display apparatus is disclosed that includes a
transparent plastic passageway panel, a lamp, and a design pane
having an opaque background with translucent or transparent lines
and areas of different colors, shapes and sizes forming a design.
The transparent plastic passageway panel includes a plurality of
liquid control passageways, light control passageways and
reservoirs.
To provide a moving display of a design, an opaque liquid is moved
between one location directly between the design and the lamp in a
light control passageway of the passageway panel and another
location causing the design to be illuminated as the liquid is
moved from the light control passageway and to be darkened as the
liquid is moved into the light control passageway. The design pane
includes a plurality of both narrow and broad lines of different
colors and some lines overlie wide light control passageways while
other lines overlie narrow light control passageways. The
passageways extend in a plurality of different directions within
the passageway panel to provide different directions to the motion
of the display of the design.
In one embodiment of the display apparatus described in the
co-pending application, the liquid is pumped between the
passageways in the passageway panel and an external source of the
liquid by a motor that expands and contracts a bellows containing
the liquid, which bellows communicates with the passageways in the
passageway panel through a conduit. A vent is provided to permit
the escape of air as the bellows contracts.
In another embodiment of the display apparatus described in the
co-pending application and in this application, a plurality of
passageway panels and design panes are mounted together to form a
closed group of passageway panels and design panes that are
rotatably mounted about a horizontal axis with the passageways of
the panels being connected together to form a horizontal rotatable
tubular display. As the passageway panels and design panes are
rotated, liquid flows from a raised passageway panel to a lower
passageway panel to illuminate designs on the raised passageway
panel without the use of a bellows.
The display apparatuses described in the co-pending application
operate very well. However, the bellows that pumps the liquid into
and away from the passageway panel in one embodiment is a part of
the display apparatus that is more expensive and more likely to
require replacement than other parts. Moreover, under some
circumstances, liquid escapes through the vent and must be
replaced. The second embodiment of the display apparatus disclosed
in the co-pending application and forming a part of the subject
matter of this division and continuation-in-part application does
not require a bellows or vent but requires substantial depth and
requires that a source of light be mounted within the rotating
panels.
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a novel
display apparatus.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a display
apparatus of the type in which indicia are displayed by the motion
of a liquid without the use of a bellows to move the liquid.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a display
apparatus in which a liquid is contained and moved from position to
position within the display apparatus to display indicia by gravity
rather than by the force of a pump.
It is a still further object of this invention to provide a display
apparatus in which indicia is displayed by the flow of a liquid
from one location to another in a panel adjacent to the indicia
with the liquid flowing from location to location as the panel is
moved.
It is a still further object of the invention to provide a display
apparatus with a sealed liquid system to display indicia as the
liquid is moved from place to place in the sealed system.
In accordance with the above and further objects of the invention,
a display apparatus is provided having a design pane, a passageway
panel, and a lamp. The design pane has an opaque background with
translucent or transparent lines and areas of different colors,
shapes and sizes to form one or more designs. The word "design", as
used herein, includes all types of indicia for display such as
names, words, and pictures. The passageway panel is attached to the
design pane and includes a plurality of liquid passageways, with
some of the passageways overlying designs and other passageways
overlying opaque portions of the design pane. The passageways
contain air and an opaque fluid that is heavier than air such an
opaque liquid.
To provide a moving display, the design pane and passageway panel
are rotated while the lamp radiates light upon the back surface of
the passageway panel. The passageways in the passageway panel are
positioned so that, as the passageway panel and design pane rotate,
liquid flows between the passageways behind the design and
passageways behind the opaque portion of the design pane. While the
passageways behind the design are full of the liquid, they block
light from the design, and while the passageways behind the design
are being emptied, portions of the design are uncovered, whereby
the design is progressively illuminated. The passageways may be so
positioned that the designs are uncovered by the liquid in a
selected direction and at a selected speed. Moreover, the lines may
be uncovered by bubbles flowing across the design and special
luminescent effects may be obtained by ultraviolet light.
In another embodiment, the design pane and passageway panel are
stationary. The liquid flows between an external movable liquid
source and the passageways as a motor raises and lowers the source
of the liquid so that the liquid flows into the passageway panel
and away from the passageway panel by gravity. In this embodiment,
as in the previous embodiment, the designs are illuminated and
displayed as the liquid is moved to and from passageways aligned
with designs.
The apparatuses of this invention have the advantages of being
easily fabricated, being relatively small in size, and operating by
the flow of a liquid caused by gravity rather than by a pump.
Because of these advantages, the display apparatuses are
inexpensive and durable. Moreover, since the liquid systems are
sealed, the apparatuses have the advantage of not requiring the
replacement of liquid that has evaporated or spilled.
The above-noted and other features of the invention will be better
understood from the following detailed description when considered
with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of the
invention;
FIG. 2 is an elevational view of the display apparatus of FIG. 1 as
it appears in one mode of operation;
FIG. 3 is an elevational view of another embodiment of the
invention;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the embodiment of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a side view of another embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is an elevational view of the embodiment of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the
invention; and
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of still another embodiment of the
invention.
STRUCTURE OF FIRST EMBODIMENT
In FIG. 1, an exploded perspective view of a display apparatus 10,
which is an embodiment of the invention, is shown having a design
pane 12, a passageway panel 14, a motor 16, and a lamp 18. The
design pane 12 is attached to the front surface of the passageway
panel 14 with both the passageway panel 14 and the design pane 12
being rotatable by the motor 16. The lamp 18 is located on the
opposite side of the passageway panel 14 from the design pane 12 to
shine light therethrough.
The design pane 12 has an opaque background and three designs
formed of translucent or transparent lines and areas on the opaque
background, which are: (1) a border design 20; (2) a pictorial
design 22 indicated by the word, "design"; and (3) five letters 24
indicating the name of a brand. The designs are shown as black
lines in FIG. 1 for clarity even though in practice they are
translucent or transparent lines. The design 22 may be any type of
art work, either in black and white or color.
The passageway panel 14 has a flat raised background surface 26 and
a plurality of recessed portions 28 forming passageways of two
types, which are: (1) liquid control passageways and (2) light
control passageways. The light control passageways and liquid
control passageways have the same structure but serve different
purposes as will be explained hereinafter.
The passageway panel 14 may be formed in any convenient manner and
of many different materials but is economically formed by injection
molding or by vacuum-forming or die stamping a transparent plastic
sheet to form the recessed portions 28 and by covering the surface
of the sheet having the recessed portions 28 in it with a flat
transparent plastic sheet that is attached to the raised background
surface 26 to seal the recessed portions 28. Moreover, large-volume
reservoirs may be formed by increasing the depth of the
passageways, particularly if the passageway panel is formed in an
injection molding process. Although it is preferable to seal the
recessed portions 28 with a separate transparent sheet, the design
pane 12 may serve this purpose as well. A liquid is inserted into
the passageways before they are sealed by the top sheet of plastic
or, after the top sheet is applied, through small holes that are
later sealed.
The design pane 12 fits over the surface of the passageway panel 14
with the designs 20, 22, and 24 overlying some recessed portions
28, the remainder of the recessed portions 28 being covered by
opaque areas of the design pane 12. The portions of the recessed
portions 28 that are aligned with the designs 20, 22 and 24 are
called light control passageways and the remainder of the recessed
portions 28 are called liquid control passageways.
The recessed portions 28 form two closed circuits in the passageway
panel 14, an inner circuit and an outer circuit.
The inner circuit includes two light control passageways, which
are: (1) five large recessed portions 30A - 30E, each of which is
aligned with a different one of the five translucent portions
forming the design 24 in the design pane 12; and (2) a single large
recessed portion 32 aligned with the pictorial design 22 in the
design pane 12. The light control passageways 30A - 30E and 32 are
connected by liquid control passageways.
The outer circuit includes: (1) a large area 34, the top portion of
which is a light control passageway and the bottom portion of which
is a liquid control passageway or reservoir, and (2) a narrow
circular light control passageway 36 connecting the two sides of
the large area 34. The border design 20 overlies the light control
passageways of the outer circuit.
An opaque liquid is in the inner and outer circuits 28. There is
not sufficient liquid in either of the circuits to completely fill
the passageways but only enough liquid so that when the display
apparatus 10 is located vertically as shown in FIG. 1, the top
portions of the passageways are drained of liquid and the bottom
portions are filled with liquid.
The motor 16, which is any type of motor but preferably an electric
motor that rotates at approximately 1 revolution per minute,
rotates the passageway panel 14 and design pane 12 about a central
point. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the passageway panel 14 and
design pane 12 include an aperture accommodating a threaded portion
of the shaft of the motor and held thereto by a nut and lock
washer. However, any suitable means for mounting the design pane 12
and passageway panel 14 may be employed. Moreover, it is not
necessary to mount the passageway panel 14 and design pane 12 at a
central location to the shaft of the motor 16, but it may be
located at an offset location, where desirable, to control the
proper flow of liquids within the recessed portions 28.
The lamp 18 radiates light upon the back surface of the passageway
panel 14, which light passes through the transparent passageway
panel 14 at those locations not filled with an opaque liquid and
impinges upon the back of the design pane 12. The light passes
through the design portions 20, 22 and 24 of the design pane 12
where these are not blocked by an opaque liquid in aligned light
control passageways. The light, of course, is blocked by the opaque
portions of the design pane 12.
In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the passageway panel 14 and the design
pane 12 are rotated in a counterclockwise direction (facing FIG.
1). With this direction of rotation, liquid is drained from the
leftmost light control panels first. For example, liquid is drained
from the light control passageway 30A before being drained from the
light control passageway 30B.
To avoid turbulence during the draining of the liquid, the narrow
passageways such as 36 connecting the larger passageways such as 34
communicate with the larger passageways nearer to the center of
rotation on the trailing side (the side which arrives at a
stationary point last during rotation) and on the radially most
distant point on the leading side (the side that first reaches a
stationary point) in the direction of rotation. This permits the
liquid to be drained from the bottom of a light control area as it
is raised during rotation and to enter from the bottom of the area
as it is lowered so as to reduce the turbulence in the liquid.
Moreover, where the pressure head between diametrically opposite
portions of the passageways is small and one portion has
passageways of relatively small cross-sectional area such as in the
inner circuits, an enlarged portion 37 is provided in one of the
smaller liquid control passageways to enable the air and liquid to
flow more freely. Air bubbles that are trapped in the narrow
passageway during transportation of the display apparatus in a
horizontal position are removed during the first few revolutions of
the passageway panel by the free flow of liquid and air through the
enlarged portion 37 to reset the panel for proper operation.
In FIG. 2, an elevational view of the display apparatus of this
invention is shown with a cover plate 38 positioned in front of the
design pane 12 to block the lower half of the display apparatus 10
from a viewer. The cover plate 38 need not be included but serves
to block from view all of the design pane except the illuminated
design at the top portion of the display 10. With this arrangement,
the cover plate 38 includes a stationary design 39.
As best shown in FIG. 2, the design 24 is smaller in size than the
light control passageways 30A - 30E that it overlies with a portion
of the light control passageways being covered by the opaque
portion of the design pane 12. This is generally true of designs
although not absolutely necessary for operation. The light control
passageways may be of the same size as the design portions on the
design pane but, by making them larger, the fabrication of the
apparatus is simplified by the reduced tolerances in forming the
passageway panel 14. Moreover, different design panes may be used
with the same passageway panel 14 and some of these design panes
may require larger light control passageways than others. A light
control passageway serves to control and animate any design of a
smaller area than the light control passageway with which it is to
be aligned.
GENERAL OPERATION
There are several modes of operation that are possible with the
display apparatus 10. Some of these modes of operation are
substantially the same as modes of operation described in the
co-pending United States patent application Ser. No. 865,925 filed
Oct. 13, 1969 by Frank T. Winslow and Robert B. Stanish for Display
Apparatus. These modes of operation may be utilized with the
display apparatus of FIG. 2 with slight modifications as well as
with the apparatus disclosed in the co-pending application.
Not all of the modes of operating the display apparatus of FIGS. 1
and 2 will be described here, but first a general mode of operation
will be described and then the more important alternate modes of
operation will be briefly described.
In the general mode of operation, the design pane 12 is fastened in
front of the passageway panel 14. The lamp 18 is illuminated from
behind the passageway panel 14 while the passageway panel 14 and
the design pane 12 are rotated together in a counterclockwise
direction as shown by the arrow in FIG. 2.
As the passageway panel and design pane rotate, the liquid in the
light control and the liquid control passageways drains from the
top of the passageway panel to the bottom. For example, as the
design 24 approaches the top, liquid drains from the light control
passageway 30A downwardly through the light control passageway 30B.
As the liquid is drained from the passageway 30A, light from the
lamp 18 shines through the circle displaying the letter B.
Similarly, as the design pane 12 and passageway panel 14 continue
to rotate, liquid is drained from the light control passageways
30B, 30C, 30D and 30E in succession, enabling light to shine
through the design to display the word, "BRAND" or any other word
forming the design 24. At the same time, liquid drains from the
light control passageways 34 and 36 behind the border 20 to cause
the border to be displayed.
When the passageway panel 14 and design pane 12 have rotated so
that the design 24 is near the bottom, the liquid drains from the
light control passageways 32 and 36 to enable light to shine
through the design 22 and the border that is being rotated toward
the top of the display. With this arrangement, designs are
continually displayed with animation at the top of the display
apparatus 10. The designs may include any type of art work
including art work of different colors and art work with fine and
thick lines.
Several special effects are available because the light control and
liquid control passageways are of different sizes and shapes from
the design or words to be displayed, which effects are: (1) the
speed with which a line is displayed is varied in proportion to the
size of the light control passageway underlying it since a larger
passageway is emptied more slowly than a small passageway; (2) time
delays before starting the display of a line are provided by
interposing a large liquid control passageway in the passageway
panel immediately before the light control passageway that is to
start the time delay; (3) horizontal lines are illuminated at the
same time across their entire length and the lines slightly at an
angle from the horizontal are illuminated very rapidly when a
single large area light control passageway underlies the horizontal
or substantially horizontal line; and (4) a plurality of individual
small lines are displayed at the same time if they are in a
horizontal line overlying a single wide light control
passageway.
The rotatable display apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 have the
further advantages of providing a sealed system for the liquid so
that it need not be replenished and of enabling it to be operated
simply by standard commercial electric motors. With this
mechanization, an inexpensive reliable unit may be fabricated.
While a display apparatus that continually rotates in one direction
has been described, it is obvious that a passageway panel and
design pane that rotates first in one direction and then in another
to cause the liquid to flow between two light control passageways
or between a light control passageway and a liquid control
passageway can be constructed. Moreover, still other types of
motion may be used to cause the liquid to flow within the
passageways to animate a design.
SECOND EMBODIMENT
In FIG. 3, an elevational view of a second embodiment is shown, in
which embodiment the design pane 12 includes five transparent or
translucent lines 40, 42, 44, 46, and 48. These lines are shown on
the design pane 12 in FIG. 3 to illustrate special effects of
particular importance that are obtainable with the invention, which
special effects will be described below under separate
headings.
The passageway panel for the embodiment of FIG. 3 includes
passageways under each of the lines 40, 42, 44, 46 and 48 of the
design pane 12, which are: (1) a passageway 50 under the line 40
extending along its length and connected at its leading side to
another passageway 52 that opens into a large passageway reservoir
54 with the reservoir 54 being radially inward from the passageway
50 and to its trailing side; (2) a passageway 56 in the shape of an
8 passes beneath the lines 42 and 44 of the design pane 12, with
the passageway 56 having a section in one of its loops of the 8
underlying the line 42 and a portion in the second of the loops of
the 8 underlying the line 44; (3) a passageway 58 having an
enlarged reservoir section near the center of the passageway panel
and an arm extending radially outwardly at an angle to underlie the
line 46 in the design pane with a restricted portion 60 between the
large area and the arm that underlies the line 46; and (4) a
passageway 62 having an arm underlying the line 48, which arm opens
into an enlarged area that is located radially outwardly and to the
trailing side of the arm. The passageways that are longer have an
air return path to form a complete circuit for the flow of air and
liquid but the shorter ones do not. In a short, wide passageway the
liquid and air are able to pass each other in the same portions of
the passageway without undue turbulence.
In FIG. 4, a side view of the embodiment of FIG. 3 is shown having
an ultraviolet lamp 64, an incandescent lamp 66, a motor 68, a
design pane 12, and a passageway panel 14. The motor 68 rotates the
design pane 12 and the passageway panel 14 while the lamp 66
radiates light upon the back of the passageway panel 14 in the same
manner as in the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2. In one mode of
operation, the ultraviolet lamp 64 irradiates ultraviolet light
upon the face of the design pane 12.
To permit the passageway 56 to cross and form the two loops of the
FIG. 8, a portion 72 passes another portion behind the panel as a
tube that communicates with the passageway 56 in the passageway
panel at two locations 74 and 76 on either side of the portion it
crosses, being cemented in place to permit the liquid to flow
through the tube behind the passageway panel and around the portion
of the passageway panel 56 that is recessed into the passageway
panel and back into the passageway panel. Similarly, a tube 78 in
the passageway 56 passes around the outside of the panel and
communicates with the passageway 56 to permit the passageway 56 to
pass the passageway 52 in the panel.
CHANGING THE DIRECTION OF DISPLAY
In operation, the design pane 12 and passageway panel 14 in the
embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4 rotates in a counterclockwise direction
as shown in FIG. 3 by the arrow 81. With this direction of
rotation, lines and areas normally are drawn from left to right at
the top of the design pane as the leading portion of the design is
raise in the normal rotation of the design pane and passageway
panel to drain the liquid from the leading end of the design to the
trailing end.
The designs 40 and 42 are examples of two designs which are drawn
from right to left at the top of the design pane rather than from
left to right with a counterclockwise rotation. Thus they are drawn
from the trailing edge to the leading edge rather than from the
leading edge to the trailing edge as in the normal direction.
As the design 40 is raised, the liquid drains from the right end of
the passageway 50 to the left, through the passageway 52 and into
the large area 54, permitting light to illuminate the design 40
from right to left. Since the passageway 52 and 54 in the
passageway panel 14 are covered by opaque portions of the
passageway pane, light does not pass through them. As the design 42
is raised, it is displayed from left to right with the liquid
draining through the tubes 72 and 78 in that order before flowing
through the passageway under the design 44.
As the design 44 is raised, it is displayed in the normal direction
from left to right with the liquid draining through the passageways
56 toward their trailing edge even though it overlies a passageway
in the same circuit as the passageways that control the display of
the design 42. In this manner, the passageway 56 causes the design
44 to be displayed in the normal manner from left to right and the
portion of the design 42 to be displayed in the opposite
direction.
The designs 40 and 42 illustrate that designs may be displayed in
any direction on the same design pane. Moreover, different lines
may be written in the same design area extending either upwardly or
radially inwardly to provide further variations in the direction of
the display of the lines.
Besides providing different directions for the display of designs
near the top of the cycle of rotation, the design pane 12 and
passageway panel 14 are also able to provide for a design to be
erased near the top of the cycle of rotation and displayed near the
bottom of the cycle of rotation. The design 48, for example, is
displayed at the bottom and right-hand side of the design pane 12
and passageway panel 14. However, as it reaches the top of the
cycle of rotation, liquid from the large passageway 62 that is
radially outward from the design 48 flows into the passageway
beneath the design 48 to erase it at the top and left side of the
display apparatus.
The passageway 62 and the design 48 provide an animated display
near the bottom of the design pane by illuminating the design there
or provide an animated display near the top of the design pane by
causing the design to be erased there.
The embodiments of FIGS. 1-4 illustrate that the passageways may be
arranged in different ways. The passageways of the embodiments of
FIGS. 1 and 2 extend around and encircle the center of rotation
while the passageways of the embodiments of FIGS. 3 and 4 do not.
In the embodiments of FIGS. 3 and 4, the passageway 56 extends in
two loops for more than 180 degrees about the center of rotation
while the passageways 50, 54, 58 and 62 extend over fewer degrees
about the center of rotation. The relative locations and sizes of
the light control passageways and liquid control passageways are
chosen to display a design at a selected location and to draw it in
a selected direction.
BUBBLING EFFECTS
A special effect can be obtained by permitting bubbles to flow
through a design as it is displayed. The air bubbles provide a path
for light and appear luminous as they move across the design.
The design 46 is arranged over the passageways 58 for this purpose.
As the design 46 is raised, air within the reservoir 58 is slowly
released through the restricted orifice 60 and bubbles pass through
the passageway underneath the design 46 to slowly display it. The
length of time of the bubbling is controlled by the length of the
passageway under the design 46 and the size of the passageway
extending radially beyond the design 46 that receives the air from
the bubble. If a large reservoir is located radially outwardly from
the design 46 in the passageway to accommodate a large amount of
air and the restricted orifice 60 is sufficiently small, the design
46 is not uncovered but is only displayed by the passage of bubbles
across it.
ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT EFFECTS
Further special effects are obtainable from the embodiment of FIGS.
3 and 4 by illuminating the lamp 64 so that ultraviolet light from
the lamp 64 is irradiated upon the design pane 12.
The ultraviolet light may co-operate with the panel in three ways,
which are: (1) by causing a design painted with fluorescent dye to
be displayed on the background opaque areas of the design pane 12;
(2) by causing fluorescent dye within the liquid in the light
control passageways to emit light; and (3) by causing a design
painted on the light control passageways to be displayed in
different colors as liquid is withdrawn from the passageways. The
ultraviolet lamp 64 may be alternately illuminated and extinguished
or may be illuminated continually. This mechanization provides
greater variety to the display.
THIRD EMBODIMENT OF DISPLAY
In FIG. 5, a side view of a third embodiment is shown having a
front design pane 12, a front passageway panel 14, a back design
pane 80, and a back passageway panel 82. Both front and back design
panes and passageway panels are rotated by the motor 68 in a
clockwise direction as shown by the arrow 83 in FIG. 6 and receive
radiation from the lamp 66 except where the light is blocked by an
opaque portion of a design pane or passageway panel behind it.
In FIG. 6, an elevational view of the embodiment of FIG. 5 is shown
having a first design 84 on the design pane 80. The design 84 is
opaque and of a different color from the background on the design
pane 80 adjacent to it, which background is also opaque. The design
pane 12 plays no part in the display of the design 84 and is
considered transparent over this area or omitted altogether as far
as the design 84 is concerned. The passageway panel 14 includes a
liquid passageway 87 having a liquid control portion covered by an
opaque portion of the design pane 12 and a light control portion
aligned with and over the design 84.
A second design 86 includes a first portion 88 in the shape of a
letter "B" on the first design pane 12 and a second portion 90
shaped as a circle around the letter "B" in the second design pane
80. The design pane 12 also includes a transparent portion within
the circle 90 so that the letter "B" is visible and displayed by
light when there is no intervening liquid.
To control the display of the letter "B", the first passageway
panel 14 includes four interconnected passageways, which are: (1) a
liquid control passageway 92; (2) a light control passageway 94
forming a circle behind the letter "B" design 88; (3) a liquid
control passageway 96 on the opposite side of the light control
passageway 94 from the liquid control passageway 92; and (4 ) an
air return passageway 93. The second passageway panel 82 includes a
light control passageway 98 behind the circle design 90 and an
interconnected liquid control passageway 100 located in proximity
to the liquid control passageway 96.
A third design 102 is formed on the design pane 12 within the
design pane 80 having a transparent portion beneath it. A first
light control passageway 104 in the first passageway panel 14 and a
second light control passageway 106 in the second passageway panel
82 are behind the design 102. A liquid control passageway 108
communicates with the light control passageway 104 in the
passageway panel 14 on one side of the design 102 and a liquid
control passageway 110 communicates with the light control
passageway 106 in the passageway panel 82 on the other side of the
design 102.
The embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6 may be operated in several modes
and the most important of these modes will be discussed immediately
below under separate headings.
DAYLIGHT OPERATION
The embodiment of display apparatus shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 may be
operated without the use of lamps using only the passageway panel
14 and the design pane 80. When operated in this manner, the
remainder of the apparatus is unnecessary. Therefore, the actual
apparatus for daylight operation when the display apparatus is to
operate only in this mode is simpler than the embodiments shown in
FIGS. 5 and 6. On the other hand, one design in a display apparatus
may be operated in the daylight mode and another may be operated
with a lamp 66 positioned behind it.
The design 84 and the passageway 87 operate in the daylight mode.
For use in this mode of operation, the design pane 80 in the
vicinity of the design 84 is a positive with the design 84 being
formed of lines and areas that are not translucent or transparent
but are opaque and colored. The background of the design pane
surrounding the design 84 is of the same color as the liquid that
fills the passageway 87.
In operation, the design 84 on the design pane 80 is visible from
the front of the display apparatus 10 whenever there is no liquid
within the portion of the passageway 87 covering it. This is true
because the passageway panel 14 covering it is of a transparent
plastic so the design on the design pane 80 shows through it. As
the design 84 is raised along the left-hand side of FIG. 6 by the
rotation of the passageway panel 14 and design pane 80, liquid
flows from the liquid control portion of the passageway into the
light control portion of the passageway 87 over the design 84. When
liquid is over the design 84, the design 84 is not visible. As the
design 84 is lowered along the right-hand side of FIG. 6, liquid is
drained from the light control passageway into the liquid control
passageway to uncover the design 84 for display.
Although in the embodiment of FIG. 6, the design 84 is positioned
to be uncovered when it is lowered along the right-hand side of the
display apparatus, it may be positioned to be covered and uncovered
at other positions by changing the relative positions of the light
control and liquid control passageways. Accordingly, the display 84
may be shown at either the top or the bottom of the display
apparatus.
OVERLAPPING SEQUENCES
By using both passageway panels 14 and 82, two sequences of a
design which are independent in time but overlapping are drawn by
the display apparatus.
With this construction, a moving design is under the control of any
of three arrangements of light control passageways, which are: (1)
only under the control of the light control passageways in the
front passageway panel 14 because the translucent or transparent
lines and areas overlie or are aligned with these passageways on
both the front design pane 12 and the rear design pane 80 but no
light control passageways in the passageway panel 82 are aligned
with the same translucent or transparent areas; (2) only under the
control of the light control passageways in the back passageway
panel 82 because there are transparent or translucent lines and
areas aligned with these light control passageways on both the
front design pane 12 and the design pane 80, but no light control
passageways in the passageway panel 14 are aligned with the light
control passageways in the panel 82; and (3) under the control of
aligned light control passageways in the front and back passageway
panels 14 and 82 because there are translucent or transparent lines
and areas aligned with light control passageways on both design
panes 12 and 80.
When the design is under the control of only one passageway panel,
whether the front passageway panel 14 or the rear passageway panel
82, the mode of operation is similar to that described in
connection with FIGS. 1-4 and will not be described in detail here.
Instead, the operation of the embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6 will be
described as it applies directly to a display that is under the
control of aligned light control passageways in the front and back
passageway panels 14 and 82.
In FIG. 6, the design 88 of the letter "B" is controlled by the
front passageway panel 14 and the design of the circle 90 around
the letter "B" is controlled by the back passageway panel 82. As
the designs 88 and 90 are raised over the top and lowered by the
rotation of the passageway panels 14 and 82, liquid flows from the
light control passageway 98 into the liquid control passageway 100
in the passageway panel 82 and from the liquid control passageway
92 through the light control passageway 94 and into the liquid
control passageway 96 in the passageway panel 14. The air return
passageway 93 is included because of the long path for the flow of
liquid. With this arrangement of passageways, the light control
passageway 98 in the rear passageway panel 82 is drained of liquid
before the light control passageway 94 in the passageway panel 14
because the liquid in the light control passageway 94 is
replenished by liquid from the liquid control passageway 92 as the
liquid flows into the liquid control passageway 96. Accordingly,
light shines from the lamp 66 through the design panes 12 and 80
around the light control passageway 94 to display the design 90 in
the form of a circle with a dark disc being shown aligned with the
light control passageway 94. Later, the light control passageway 94
is drained of liquid to cause the design 88 in the form of a letter
"B" to be displayed within the circle 90.
The passageway panels 14 and 82 cooperate together to cause a
design to be displayed from one end while it is being erased from
the other in addition to successively displaying two portions as
was the case with the designs 88 and 90. The design 102 is arranged
to be successively displayed from one end while it is erased from
the other.
As the design 102 approaches the top of the rotating path, the
liquid control passageway 108 is full while the light control
passageway 104 is empty in the passageway panel 14. The light
control passageway 106 is being drained of liquid which flows into
the liquid control passageway 110 in the passageway panel 82. As
the liquid flows from the light control passageway 106 into the
liquid control passageway 110, the design 102 is exposed and
displayed starting from the edge that is leading in the clockwise
rotation of the display apparatus.
Before the design 102 is entirely exposed, the liquid control
passageway 108 reaches a height above the light control passageway
104 causing liquid to be drained from the liquid control passageway
108 into the light control passageway 104. This liquid begins to
cover the design 102 starting from the trailing edge in the
clockwise direction of rotation of the design panes and passageway
panels. Accordingly, the design 102 is simultaneously exposed from
one end and erased from the other.
A similar arrangement may be constructed to cause the design to be
exposed and then erased at the bottom of the rotational path of the
design apparatus or to be exposed and erased at the sides of the
design apparatus by including an appropriate delay between the
draining and filling of the light control passageways in separate
liquid control passageways that are located on either side of the
light control passageway.
COLOR MIXING
In each of the embodiments, another special effect is obtained
through the use of lines and areas of the designs that are
translucent and colored and a liquid that is not opaque nor of the
same color as the opaque portions of the design panes. The liquid
is selected to have a color that, when mixed with a color of the
translucent lines and areas of the design, provides the same color
as the opaque portions of the outermost design pane or is in itself
opaque.
With this arrangement of colors, the lines and areas of the design
appear in colors contrasting with that of the background as the
liquid is drained from the passageway panel. This arrangement and
choice of colors enables the background of the design to be colored
and the lines and areas to be drawn into the design in a
contrasting color.
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 having two separate
passageway panels 14 and 82, greater variations are possible in the
color of the design through the use of color mixing than in the
embodiments of FIGS. 1-4. In portions of a design in which the
front design pane 12 and the rear design pane 80 have aligned
translucent or transparent areas and lines with only one of the two
passageway panels 14 and 82 having an aligned light control
passageway, a variation of two colors is possible. One of the two
colors is formed by the combination of colored liquid and the
colors of the translucent design panes and the other color is
formed only by the combination of colors in the aligned translucent
portions of the two design panes.
In the portions of the design in which there are aligned light
control passageways in both the passageway panels 14 and 82 and
aligned translucent areas and lines in both the front design pane
12 and the rear design pane 80, three colors are obtainable. The
first color is obtained by a mixture of the colors of both colored
liquids in the light control passageways with the colors of the
design panes, and this color matches the background. The second
color is formed by the color of one of the liquids in one of the
light control passageways and the colors of the translucent areas
and lines on both of the design panes, and this color is formed
after one of the liquids has been drained from the display
apparatus at that location. The third color is formed only by the
combination of the colors of the translucent areas and lines of the
design panes after both liquids have been withdrawn from the
display apparatus at that location.
For example, in one embodiment the design pane 12 (FIG. 6) has a
translucent disc area of one color overlying the light control
passageway 94 with a letter "B" design 88 of another color in its
center and the design pane 80 has a translucent disc-shaped area
with the circle 90 overlying the disc-shaped light control
passageway 98. The liquids in the passageways of the panels 14 and
82 that are to flow through the light control passageways 94 and 98
are selected to pass light with sufficiently small attenuation to
permit the light to illuminate the front design pane after passing
through both liquids and both design panes.
In operation, the light from the lamp shines through the liquids in
two light control passageways 94 and 98 and through both design
panes to provide a colored letter "B" and a colored circle 90 on
backgrounds of different colors. When the liquid is drained from
the light control passageway 98, the letter "B" design 88 appears
in another color and the background in still another color because
the "B" design 88 is still influenced in color by the color of the
liquid in the light control passageway 94. After the liquid has
been withdrawn from the light control passageway 94, the "B"
appears in still another color because it is now only influenced by
the color of the design 88 on the design pane 12 whereas the circle
design 90 remains the same color as before the liquid was drained
from the light control passageway 94.
FOURTH EMBODIMENT
In FIG. 7, another embodiment of the invention is shown. In this
embodiment, a stationary panel 112 has a passageway panel 114 and a
design pane 116. Behind the stationary panel 112 is a lamp 118, a
motor 120, an eccentric 122, and a container for liquids 124.
The design pane 116 is opaque except for a translucent area 136
that includes a design, shown as a letter "B". The passageway panel
114 is transparent and includes a liquid passageway 128 behind the
design and connected to the liquid container 124 by a bottom
flexible tube 130 and a top flexible air return tube 131.
To provide a liquid to the passageway 128 and to withdraw the
liquid therefrom, the motor 120 rotates a linkage 132 connected at
its outer end by a pin and slot connection to a lever 134 of the
eccentric 122. The lever 134 is pinned to the frame of the display
apparatus at one end and fastened to the liquid container 124 at
its other end, whereby the liquid container 124 is raised and
lowered as the motor 120 rotates the arm 132.
In operation, the motor 120 causes the lever 134 to raise the
liquid container 124. As the liquid container 124 is raised, the
passageway 128 is filled with an opaque liquid so that light from
the lamp 118 is blocked from the design pane. While the liquid is
in the passageway 128, there is no design visible from the design
pane 116.
As the motor 120 continues to rotate, the liquid container 124 is
lowered so that the liquid passes from the passageway 128 through
the flexible tube 130 into the liquid container 124. As the liquid
drains from the passageway 128, light from the lamp 118 shines
through the passageway panel 114 and the design of a letter "B" on
the design pane 116 to cause the letter "B" to be drawn from its
top to its bottom.
Although a simple design of a letter "B" has been illustrated,
other designs may be provided on the design pane 16 for display.
Similarly, many special display effects are possible such as those
described in United States co-pending application Ser. No. 865,925,
filed Oct. 13, 1969, by Frank T. Winslow and Robert B. Stanish for
Display Apparatus. Moreover, the special display effects obtainable
in the embodiments of FIGS. 1-6 are obtainable in a similar manner
in the embodiment of FIG. 7.
The unique feature of the embodiment of FIG. 7 is the sealed liquid
system that causes liquid to flow to and from the passageway panel
114 by gravity without the need for a bellows type pump. The
mechanism for moving the liquid is inexpensive and durable because
of its simplicity and because it utilizes a sealed liquid
system.
In FIG. 8, still another embodiment of the invention is shown. This
embodiment of the invention is described in the aforementioned
co-pending application of which this application is a division and
continuation-in-part as well as being described in this
application.
In the embodiment of FIG. 8, a plurality of panel sections 138,
three of which 138A - 138C are shown in FIG. 8, are fastened around
the outside of a transparent plastic cylinder 140. Each of the
panel sections 138 includes a passageway panel section 142 and a
design pane section 144, with three of the passageway sections and
design pane sections being indicated at 142A - 142C and 144A -
144C, respectively. The passageway sections are fastened to the
outer surface of the transparent plastic cylinder 140 and the
design pane sections are fastened to the outer surface of the
passageway sections.
Each of the passageway sections 142 includes a corresponding
passageway 146, with the passageways 146A - 146C being shown in
FIG. 8. The passageways of each of the panels communicate with the
passageways in the adjacent panels around the transparent cylinder
140 through relatively narrow connecting passageways so that, for
example, the passageway 146B communicates at one end with the
passageway 146A and at its other end with the passageway 146C. The
passageways 146 include sufficient opaque liquid so that the
passageways in the bottom third of the passageway sections are
filled with the opaque liquid when the cylinder is not
rotating.
Each of the design pane sections 144 includes a translucent or
transparent design area 148, with the design areas 148A-148C being
shown in FIG. 8. These design areas may include designs of any kind
including lines of any size, shape and color. The design sections
are each positioned over a passageway and are smaller than the
passageway, with the remainder of each of the design panes being
opaque to light.
The passageway sections 138 may be separately formed with separate
passageways and then fastened to the transparent cylinder 140 with
their passageways interconnected or they may be formed together as
an integral unit as one continuous passageway panel that is
flexible and then fastened around the transparent cylinder 140 with
the end passageways connected.
In the preferred embodiment, the passageways 146 of each passageway
section are connected to the passageways of adjacent passageway
sections to form a continuous passageway around the cylinder 140 so
that the liquid always remains at the bottom and front of the
cylinder. However, it is not necessary to have continuous
passageways around the cylinder 140 but passageway sections may be
connected to have a continuous passageway that only extends part
way around the cylinder, in which case only a portion of the
surface of the passageway sections is able to present a design
which is increasingly illuminated on the design pane as liquid is
drained from its passageways because a portion of the passageways
must serve as a reservoir for the liquid as it is raised by the
rotation of the cylinder. The portion that serves as a reservoir
may display a design that is erased as it is raised or a design
that is fixed in location on the design pane such as a design with
no passageway behind it so that light will always shine through the
translucent area where the design is located.
To support the transparent plastic cylinder 140, a stand 150 is
provided having a flat horizontal base section 152 with two
upwardly extending end sides 154 and 156. A horizontally positioned
shaft 158 is rotatably supported within bearings by each of the two
side plates 154 and 156. At each end of the transparent plastic
cylinder 140, there are a plurality of spaced-apart radially
extending arms 160 ending in a central ring through which the shaft
158 passes. The rings are fastened to the shaft to rotate
therewith.
To rotate the transparent cylinder 140 and the panel sections 138,
an electric motor 162 is provided having its output shaft 164
coupled to the shaft 158 at 166. The motor 162 rotates at
approximately one revolution per minute to rotate the cylinder 140
and panels 138 for display purposes.
To provide light within the cylinder 140, two conductive rings 168
and 170 are mounted to the shaft 158 for rotation therewith and
connected by means of brushes to the electrical wires 172 and 174,
respectively, to energize the conductive rings. A plurality of
fluorescent lamp fixtures 176 support a plurality of fluorescent
lamps and are mounted to the radially extending arms 160. The
fixtures 176 are electrically connected to the conductive rings 168
and 170 to provide energization of the lamps 178.
In operation, the motor 162 is energized to rotate the shaft 158
that extends through the transparent cylinder 140. As the shaft 158
rotates within the stand 150, the transparent cylinder 140 and the
panel sections 138 are rotated since they are connected to the
shaft 158 by the inwardly extending arms 160. The shaft 158 rotates
in the direction shown by the arrow 180 so that panel sections 138
at the bottom of the cylinder are raised to face a viewer looking
into the display as shown in FIG. 8. As the panels are raised, they
raise some of the liquid within the passageways 146 because the
connections between the passageways are relatively narrow. The
speed of rotation of the shaft 158 and the construction of the
passageways are such that the design 148 that is vertical, such as
design 148B in FIG. 8, overlies a passageway that is being drained
of liquid. The designs at the bottom of the cylinder overlie
passageways that are filled or are being filled with liquid flowing
from the vertical passageways to the bottom passageways.
In practice, the front of the display apparatus is covered except
for the central portion through which a vertical design shows. This
vertical design is being drained of liquid and displayed to the
viewer.
While the display is operating, an alternating voltage is applied
to the wires 174 and 172. This voltage is received by the lamp
fixtures 176 to illuminate the lamps 178. Light from the lamps 178
shines through the designs where not blocked by liquid in the
passageways 146. The passageway panel that is displaying a design,
such as 138B in FIG. 8, shows the design being raised and at the
same time being illuminated in the direction of the passageways as
the liquid drains from the passageways in that panel to the
passageways in lower panels.
With this arrangement, no vent is needed since there is no bellows
nor pump. The display is animated by gravity. Moreover, different
designs are brought in front of the viewer at different times for
animated display in a continuous sequence.
This embodiment and each of the other embodiments of the invention
have several advantages, which are: (1) there is no escape of
liquid through a vent orifice; (2) there is no bellows which is
subject to greater wear than other parts of the apparatus; and (3)
the apparatus is simple and inexpensive to fabricate and to
operate.
Although an embodiment of the invention has been described with
some particularlity, many modifications and variations of the
embodiment are possible within the light of the above teachings. It
is therefore to be understood that, within the scope of the
appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as
specifically described.
* * * * *