U.S. patent number 3,731,376 [Application Number 05/108,742] was granted by the patent office on 1973-05-08 for method of making a catheter.
Invention is credited to Bernard Ackerman.
United States Patent |
3,731,376 |
Ackerman |
May 8, 1973 |
METHOD OF MAKING A CATHETER
Abstract
Electro-conductive catheters and methods of manufacture
thereof.
Inventors: |
Ackerman; Bernard (Metuchen,
NJ) |
Family
ID: |
26806210 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/108,742 |
Filed: |
January 22, 1971 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
|
718434 |
Apr 3, 1968 |
3590822 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
29/879;
607/122 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61N
1/0565 (20130101); A61M 25/0012 (20130101); Y10T
29/49213 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
A61M
25/00 (20060101); A61N 1/05 (20060101); H01b
013/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;29/63F,461,624,592
;174/74 ;128/404,418 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lanham; Charles W.
Assistant Examiner: Davie; J. W.
Parent Case Text
This is a division of application Ser. No. 718,434, filed Apr. 3,
1968, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,590,822.
This invention relates to catheters and, more particularly, to
electro-conductive catheters and to methods of manufacture
thereof.
It is a primary object of the present invention to provide novel
electro-conductive catheters and novel methods of manufacture
thereof.
Another primary object of the present invention, in addition to
each of the foregoing objects, is the provision of such novel
catheters particularly adapted for use, for example, as a pacing
electrode.
Yet another primary object of the present invention, in addition to
each of the foregoing objects, is the provision of such catheters
comprising an electrically conductive core and electrically
insulating sheath.
Still another primary object of the present invention, in addition
to each of the foregoing, is the provision of such catheters
wherein the core comprises a wire cable and the sheath comprises a
low friction fluid impervious, easily cleaned and non-toxic
substance.
Another and yet still further primary object of the present
invention, in addition to each of the foregoing objects, is the
provision of such catheters wherein the sheath comprises a
thermoplastic material.
A still further primary object of the present invention, in
addition to each of the foregoing, is the provision of such
catheters further comprising an electrode tip having a smoothly
rounded nose securely and firmly connected with the core and
extending outwardly of the sheath.
Another and yet still further primary object of the present
invention, in addition to each of the foregoing, is the provision
of novel methods of forming such a tip and of connecting such a tip
with such a core.
In addition to each of the foregoing, it is also a primary object
of the present invention to provide such catheters wherein the
sheath is securely bonded with the electrode and adjacent core at
the distal end and with the core at the proximal end.
Yet further, still another primary object of the present invention,
in addition to each of the foregoing, is the provision of novel
methods of bonding the sheath to the core and electrode.
Another and still further primary object of the present invention,
in addition to each of the foregoing, is the provision of such
catheters wherein the core is sealed at both the distal and
proximal ends of the sheath to preclude passage of fluids
therethrough.
A still further primary object of the present invention, in
addition to each of the foregoing, is the provision of such
catheters wherein the distal and proximal end portions of the
sheath are caused to flow between to seal and bond with the
individual core strands at the distal and proximal ends.
Yet another primary object of the present invention, in addition to
each of the foregoing, is the provision of novel methods of bonding
the sheath to the core at the distal and proximal ends.
The invention resides in the combination, construction, arrangement
and disposition of the various component parts and elements
incorporated in improved catheters constructed in accordance with
the principles of this invention and in methods of manufacture
thereof. The present invention will be better understood and
objects and important features other than those specifically
enumerated above will become apparent when consideration is given
to the following details and description, which when taken in
conjunction with the annexed drawing describes, discloses,
illustrates and shows a preferred embodiment or modification of the
present invention and what is presently considered and believed to
be the best mode of practicing the principles thereof. Other
embodiments or modifications may be suggested to those having the
benefit of the teachings herein, and such other embodiments or
modifications are intended to be reserved especially as they fall
within the scope and spirit of the subjoined claims.
Claims
I claim:
1. Method of manufacturing a catheter comprising at least the steps
of forming a smooth nose at a distal end of an elongate bodily
flexible core of stranded wire, positioning a sheath having distal
and proximate end portions over substantially the entire
longitudinal extent of the core, and securing the end portions of
the sheath with the core to define a bodily flexible catheter
adapted to be readily rotated for steering, or the like, wherein
said step of securing comprises the step of sealing the interstices
between the core wires.
2. Method defined in claim 1 wherein the step of forming comprises
positioning a metal sleeve on the distal end portion of the core
and soldering the sleeve with the core to define an electrode.
3. Method defined in claim 2 wherein said step of positioning
comprises the step of separating the core prior to soldering to
enhance bonding between the sleeve and the core.
4. Method defined in claim 3 wherein said step of soldering
provides a blunt, rounded end to the electrode, whereby said smooth
nose is defined.
5. Method defined in claim 4 wherein said step of securing
comprises securing the sheath with the nose.
6. Method defined in claim 2 wherein said step of positioning
comprises the steps of passing the distal end portion of the core
through the sleeve, spreading the projecting end portion of the
core laterally outwardly of the sleeve and withdrawing the core
until the distal end is entirely within the sleeve and engaged with
the interior thereof.
7. Method defined in claim 2 wherein said step of soldering
comprises dip soldering in a molten bath of silver solder.
8. Method defined in claim 2 comprising the additional step of
applying solder to a proximal end portion of the core.
9. Method defined in claim 3 wherein the core comprises twisted
regular lay wire rope, and said step of positioning comprises at
least the step of untwisting.
10. Method defined in claim 1 wherein said sheath comprises a
thermoplastic material, and said step of securing comprises the
step of heating the end portions of the sheath to enable said end
portions to flow around and between the wires of the core at a
corresponding end portion thereof to form a bond therewith.
11. Method defined in claim 10 further comprising separating the
wires of the core at the end portion to be sealed.
12. Method defined in claim 10 further comprising the additional
step of positioning said end portions within a sleeve during such
heating and sealing.
13. Method defined in claim 12 further comprising laterally
confining the sheath material by said sleeve.
Description
ordance with the principles of this invention and in methods of
manufacture thereof. The present invention will be better
understood and objects and important features other than those
specifically enumerated above will become apparent when
consideration is given to the following details and description,
which when taken in conjunction with the annexed drawing describes,
discloses, illustrates and shows a preferred embodiment or
modification of the present invention and what is presently
considered and believed to be the best mode of practicing the
principles thereof. Other embodiments or modifications may be
suggested to those having the benefit of the teachings herein, and
such other embodiments or modifications are intended to be reserved
especially as they fall within the scope and spirit of the
subjoined claims.
IN THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a process flow chart depicting the various steps which
may be utilized in producing catheters in accordance with the
present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged illustration of an end portion of a core
cable and an electrode for use therewith showing one step of the
method;
FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 illustrating a succeeding step
in the method;
FIG. 4 is a view similar to the preceding figures illustrating a
yet further step in the method; and
FIG. 5 is a view similar to the preceding illustrating a yet still
further step in the method.
With reference now to the drawing, catheters constructed in
accordance with the principles of the present invention may
comprise an electrically conductive elongate and bodily flexible
core 10, an electrically conductive electrode 12 electrically and
mechanically connected therewith adjacent one end portion thereof
and an electrically non-conductive and chemically substantially
inert sheath 14 extending substantially entirely of the core 10.
The core 10, electrode 12 and sheath 14 accordingly define a
catheter constructed in accordance with the principles of the
present invention and designated generally by the reference
character 16.
Catheters constructed in accordance with the present invention are
particularly suitable for use as cardiac pacing electrodes. Hence,
the catheters are intended to be inserted through the veinous
system into the heart to provide electrical impulses directly
thereto. To be suitable for such utilization, there are several
criteria which must be fulfilled. The catheter must be of
sufficient flexibility as to be capable of easy passage through the
veinous system. The outer surface and the nose portion of the
catheter must be sufficiently smooth as to preclude any chance of
trauma or injury to the patient's veins or heart. The catheter must
be capable of being sterilized. Any possibility of breakage or
separation of the tip or electrode from the remainder of the
catheter must be minimized. The catheter must be substantially
impervious to body or other fluids to prevent any infection or
contamination. For ease in passing the catheter through the veinous
system and positioning the tip or electrode portion thereof at the
desired location, the catheter should be capable of being easily
steered from the proximal end. This steering may be accomplished by
providing a slight curvature to the tip portion and constructing
the catheter to enable the smooth transmission of torque
therethrough to enable a rotation of the proximal end to direct the
curved portion in a desired direction.
The core 10 may be of either stranded or solid construction.
However, in order to provide the requisite flexibility and torque
response, the core 10 preferably comprises a plurality of wire
strands 18 twisted or laid together to define a wire rope or cable.
The strands 18 may also be woven or braided together. However, it
has been found that a twisted wire rope type of construction
utilizing 21 wires twisted in regular lay 7 .times. 3 is especially
suitable. By regular lay 7 .times. 3 is meant that the rope
comprises seven strands twisted with a righthand lay, each of the
seven strands comprising three wires twisted together in a lefthand
lay. It has been found that such a wire rope fabricated of brass
coated stainless steel wire and having an overall diameter of
approximately 0.023 inches forms a suitable core.
The electrode 12 may similarly be fabricated of substantially any
material and may, for example, comprise a stainless steel sleeve
approximately 3/16 inch long having a generally axial bore 20 of
slightly greater diameter than that of the wire rope or core 10.
The electrode 12 may be assembled with the wire rope or core 10 by
inserting the distal end portion of the wire rope or core 10
through the bore 20 of the electrode 12 to extend outwardly thereof
a distance slightly greater than the length of the electrode 12.
Then, the wires and strands of the wire rope or core 10 may be
spread apart, untwisted, and separated to flair outwardly, as
illustrated in FIG. 2. The electrode 12 may then be moved relative
to the wire rope or core 10 to a position adjacent the distal end
portion thereof so as to overlie the spread apart wires or strands
thereof, as illustrated in FIG. 3. The resilience of the wires of
the rope or core 10 after having been spread apart and then
positioned or disposed within the electrode 12 will engage the bore
20 thereof while remaining somewhat separated one from the other.
The electrode 12 and associated distal end portion of the wire rope
or core 10 may then be firmly and securely electrically and
mechanically interconnected, as by silver solder. The solder may be
applied in any desired manner, as by dipping the electrode and
associated distal end portion of the core 10 into a molten pool of
solder. The solder will flow between the wires or strands of the
rope or core 10 and will firmly bond the wires together and to the
electrode 12. The distal end of the electrode 12 will be rounded,
as shown, by the solder. It is exceedingly important, in structures
of this kind, that there be absolutely no danger of the electrode
12 becoming separated from the wire rope or core 10 since, if it
should become separated, it would be left within the circulatory
system of the patient where it could cause substantial injury or
death. It is believed readily apparent that the strong mechanical
interconnection between the wires of the wire rope or core 10 and
the electrode 12 formed in accordance with the present invention
provides exceptional strength for effectively precluding any danger
of accidental separation of the electrode 12 and the wire rope or
core 10.
With reference now to FIG. 4, the sheath 14 may then be positioned
on the wire rope or core 10 with the distal end thereof generally
adjacent to or abutting the electrode 12. The sheath 14 may, for
example, comprise a chemically and organically substantially inert
material. The sheath 14 may further comprise a material which
presents, or is capable of presenting, a substantially smooth, low
friction surface. Yet further, the sheath 14 may comprise a
material which is substantially non-porous and which may be
sterilized, either by heat or chemical action. The sheath 14 may,
for example, comprise polyethylene tubing. The sheath 14 may be of
slightly lesser longitudinal extent than that of the wire rope or
core 10 so that when the sheath 14 is positioned thereon and
adjacent the electrode 12, the proximal end of the wire rope or
core 10 will project outwardly therefrom a short distance, for
example, several centimeters, as illustrated in FIG. 4. The
proximal end portion of the wire rope or core 10 may then be dipped
or otherwise soldered, to securely bond the wires or strands
thereof together.
To enable the transmission of torque along the catheter from the
proximal to the distal end, especially to enable easy and accurate
steering thereof, and to retain the sheath 14 positioned on the
wire rope or core 10, at least the end portions of the sheath 14
should be secured with the wire rope or core 10. While the sheath
14 may be secured with the core or wire rope 10 substantially
entirely longitudinally thereof, it is sufficient that the sheath
14 be secured with the wire rope or core 10 at or adjacent the
distal and proximal end portions thereof. Moreover, it is
preferable that the catheter, and particularly the interstices
between the wires and strands of the wire rope or core 10 be sealed
to preclude the absorption or transmission of fluids therethrough,
especially at the distal end portion, and to reduce or eliminate
possible site for bacterial or other organic activity.
The sheath 14 may, for example, comprise a thermoplastic material,
such as polyethylene and the end portions thereof may be softened,
as by the application of heat thereto, and, while softened caused
to move or flow in such a manner as to fill the interstices of the
wire rope or core 10 to preclude the passage of fluid therethrough
and to secure the end portions of the sheath 14 against movement
relative to the wire rope or core 10. Moreover, by appropriately
working or forming the softened distal end portion of the sheath
14, it may be caused to flow into intimate contact with the
electrode 12 to form a sealed and smooth juncture therewith.
Accordingly, and with reference now to FIG. 5, the distal end
portion of the sheath 14 may be heated or otherwise softened and
formed or flowed about the proximal end portion of the electrode 12
and through the interstices of the adjacent portion of the wire
rope or core 10 by positioning the distal end portion of the
catheter 16, that is, the electrode 12 and the adjacent portions of
the wire rope or core 10 and sheath 14 within a forming sleeve 22
and applying heat thereto. The sleeve 22 may, for example, comprise
a tapered portion 24 adapted to closely fit over the electrode 12
to define therewith a narrow tapered gap extending generally
annularly about at least the proximal end portion thereof, as
shown. Accordingly, when the distal end portion of the sheath 14 is
heated, the plastic material will melt and flow into that tapered
annular gap and into and through the portion of the wire rope or
core 10 adjacent the electrode 12 which, as heretofore pointed out,
comprises loosened or slightly separated wire or strand portions.
Hence, the sheath 14 may be securely bonded with the electrode 12
and with the adjacent portion of the wire rope or core 10 while
being smoothly tapered by the forming sleeve 22 to enable the
transmission of torque, to provide a smooth surface, and to
positively seal against contamination or transmission of fluids.
The degree of heat applied should be sufficient to cause the
plastic material to flow, as heretofore described, without
introducing decomposition thereof.
The proximal end portion of the catheter 16 may then be disposed
within a similar forming sleeve and heated or otherwise softened to
cause the material of the sheath 14 to flow into and through the
wire rope or core 10 to bond and seal the proximal end of the
catheter 16. A slight curve may then be formed at the distal end of
the catheter as an aid in steering the catheter through body
passages by inserting the distal end into a curved forming tube and
heating the distal end portion and subsequently pulling it while
restraining it in such curved configuration, or by substantially
any other setting process.
Accordingly, it is believed readily apparent that catheters
constructed in accordance with the present invention fulfill the
objects hereinabove set forth. Such catheters will be flexible
while yet being torque responsive and easily steered. The entire
catheter will be smooth and sealed against contamination, the
electrode will be rounded, smooth and sealed by the silver solder
bath and the proximal end portion of the electrode will be sealed,
smooth and tapered by the overlying portion of the sheath formed in
the tapered forming sleeve. The sheath will be bonded to the
electrode and to the adjacent portion of the wire rope or core. The
proximal end portion of the sheath will be similarly bonded to the
wire rope or core and the proximal end portion of the wire rope or
core will be soldered together to preclude unravelling and to
enable ready connection thereof with an appropriate pacing device,
or the like. The tip or electrode will be positively and securely
associated with the wire rope or core substantially entirely
eliminating any danger of the tip or electrode being inadvertently
separated therefrom. The entire catheter will be readily
sterilizable and present minimal possible contamination sites.
While the invention has been described, disclosed, illustrated and
shown in terms of a preferred embodiment or modification which it
has assumed in practice, the scope of the invention should not be
deemed to be limited by the precise embodiments or modifications
herein described, disclosed, illustrated or shown, such other
embodiments or modifications as may be suggested to those having
the benefit of the teachings herein being intended to be reserved
especially as they fall within the scope and breadth of the claims
here appended.
* * * * *