U.S. patent number 3,730,095 [Application Number 05/039,588] was granted by the patent office on 1973-05-01 for shot shell and method of loading same.
Invention is credited to Frederick A. Lage.
United States Patent |
3,730,095 |
Lage |
May 1, 1973 |
SHOT SHELL AND METHOD OF LOADING SAME
Abstract
A shot shell casing includes a quantity of powder at one end and
a shot sleeve is disposed in the casing on the powder and is open
at one end. A plastic shot wad is positioned in the shot sleeve and
includes a plurality of peripherally disposed rearwardly extending
spaced apart deformable legs engaging the closed end of the shot
sleeve. The powder is placed in the shot shell followed by the shot
sleeve and the plastic wad in the shot sleeve. The shot is then
placed in the sleeve on the plastic wad and pressure is applied
compressing and permanently uniformly deforming the legs of the
plastic wad to a sufficient length for closing the open end of the
shot shell casing onto the shot. The legs of the shot wad are
uniformly bent transversely inwardly in a plane intermediate their
ends. A ring element interconnects the free ends of the legs.
Inventors: |
Lage; Frederick A. (Gladbrook,
IA) |
Family
ID: |
21906279 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/039,588 |
Filed: |
May 22, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
102/451 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F42B
7/08 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F42B
7/08 (20060101); F42B 7/00 (20060101); F42b
007/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;102/42C,95 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Stahl; Robert F.
Claims
I claim:
1. In a loaded unfired shot shell, a shot shell casing, a quantity
of powder at one end of said shot shell casing, a shot shell
casing, a quantity of powder at one end of said shot shell casing,
a shot sleeve adjacent said powder, said shot sleeve being closed
at one end and open at the opposite end, said shot sleeve including
a plastic shot wad adjacent said closed end; said shot wad having a
forward end disc from which extend a plurality of peripherally
disposed rearwardly extending spaced apart permanently deformed
legs operatively engaging said closed end of said shot sleeve, a
quantity of shot disposed at least partially within the open end of
said shot sleeve on said shot wad and being adjacent the other end
of said shot shell casing, said spaced apart legs being
interconnected at their rear ends by a continuous ring element
engaging said closed end of said shot sleeve, said plastic legs
being uniformly bent transversely inwardly forming an annular
passageway around said plastic wad between said wad and said shot
sleeve, said legs having opposite side edges in substantial
abutting engagement with adjacent side edges in a transverse plane
intermediate their opposite ends, and said spacing between said
legs being substantially triangular in shape on opposite sides of
said transverse plane.
Description
The reloading of shot shell cartridges can be expensive and time
consuming when done on a volume basis. Certain reloading procedures
permit reusing cartridges only a limited number of times. Usually
the wad size will vary with the amount of shot being used and
accordingly a supply of wads of different size is required. This is
quite expensive and time consuming.
The reloading of a shot shell cartridge using the structure and
method of this invention greatly simplifies and minimizes the time
and costs involved. A plastic wad is preassembled into a shot
sleeve and will permanently deform to accommodate any desired
quantity of shot loaded into the shot shell cartridge but yet will
maintain a tight fit within the cartridge. The shot wad includes a
disc on which the shot is placed and a plurality of spaced apart
legs extend from the periphery of the disc and terminate in an
interconnecting ring which rests on the bottom of the shot sleeve.
Upon pressure being applied to the shot in the loading procedure
the legs of the plastic wad are uniformly permanently deformed
inwardly as required to accommodate the quantity of shot being
used. The spacing between the legs permits this uniform inwardly
deflection and is such that in the usual case adjacent legs will be
in close proximity if not touching after the loading is completed.
It is understood, however, that a quantity of shot may be used that
will require no deformation of the plastic wad, however, usually a
greater quantity of shot will be used and thus the legs will be
permanently deformed inwardly.
The interconnecting ring for the legs permits the easy insertion of
the plastic wad in the shot sleeve and the straight legs during the
assembling steps provide the necessary structural strength
necessary to place force on the plastic wad while the sleeve is
being pushed through the open end of a cartridge. After a cartridge
has been used a number of times the open end tends to close and
require considerable pressure to force the shot sleeve into the
cartridge thus requiring the plastic wad to take considerable
pressure without deformation of the wad. When the shot is placed in
the shot sleeve on the plastic wad and compressive forces are
applied the plastic wad will then permanently deform as necessary
to accommodate the quantity of shot being used.
A groove in the bottom of the shot sleeve receives the
interconnecting ring on the bottom end of the plastic wad and holds
the plastic wad in the shot sleeve. This is very important when
handling the assembled plastic wad and shot sleeve.
This invention consists in the construction, arrangements and
combination of the various parts of the device, whereby the objects
contemplated are attained as hereinafter more fully set forth,
specifically pointed out in the claims, and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary side elevational view of a cartridge
employing the plastic wad of this invention and assembled by the
method of this invention.
FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 but showing a larger quantity of
shot having been loaded in the cartridge thereby permanently
deforming the plastic wad in the shot sleeve.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the shot sleeve with the
plastic wad assembled therein.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the plastic wad.
FIG. 5 is a side elevation view of the plastic wad as deformed and
seen in FIG. 2.
FIG. 6 is an end elevation view taken along line 6 -- 6 in FIG.
5.
FIG. 7 is a reduced in scale end elevation view taken along line 7
-- 7 in FIG. 4.
FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of the shot shell cartridge
and component parts; and
FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of the shot sleeve and
plastic wad after the cartridge has been fired and particularly
illustrate the condition of the plastic wad.
The shot shell cartridge of this invention is referred to in FIG. 1
generally by the reference numeral 10 and is shown to include a
casing 12 having a crimped closed end 14 enclosing shot 16 inside a
shot sleeve 18. The shot 18 is positioned on the plastic wad 20 of
this invention seated on the base or bottom 22 of the shot sleeve
18. Powder 24 is disposed between the base 26 of the cartridge
casing 12 and the bottom 22 of the shot sleeve 18.
The plastic wad 20 includes an end disc member 30 from which an
outwardly flaring annular rim 32 extends and which receives the
shot 16A as seen in FIG. 2. Extending in the opposite direction
from the disc end 30 are a plurality of legs 34 which are
interconnected at their rear ends by an annular ring element 36. It
is seen in FIG. 1 that the ring element 36 is received matingly in
a groove 38 formed in the bottom of the shot sleeve 18. The legs 34
taper towards the ring 36 and are separated by elongated openings
39 tapering towards the end disc 30. The area of the spacing 38 is
somewhat smaller than the area of the legs 34.
In operation it is seen that the reloading of a shot shell casing
involves placing a quantity of powder 24 in the casing 12 and then
inserting the shot sleeve 18 with the plastic wad 20 already
disposed therein as seen in FIG. 3. The assembly of the shot sleeve
and plastic wad is ordinarily done in advance of the reloading
operation and the operator will normally purchase a quantity of the
shot sleeves with the plastic wads in them or will perform the
sub-assembly step himself. The necessary force is applied to the
disc 30 to force the shot sleeve 18 through the open end 40 of the
shot shell casing 12. The force required will depend on how many
times the shot shell casing 12 has been used and accordingly on
what condition the open end 40 is end. The legs 34 of the plastic
wad 20 must be strong enough to withstand this compressive force.
The ring 36 interconnecting the ends of the legs prevents the
plastic wads when separated from the shot sleeves from becoming
intermeshed and also facilitates the insertion of the plastic wad
into the open end of the shot sleeve 18. Next a quantity of shot 16
is placed in the shot sleeve 18 on the plastic wad disc 30 and a
compressive force is applied to the shot 16 to reduce the overall
length of the components in the cartridge casing to a length that
will enable the end 14 to be closed as seen in FIGS. 1 and 2. It is
seen in FIG. 1 that a quantity of shot 16 is used that does not
require deforming the legs 34 of the plastic wad 20 while in FIG. 2
a larger quantity of shot 16A is used and the legs 34 have been
uniformly deformed inwardly to allow for the extra space required
by the additional shot used.
Referring now to FIG. 5, it is seen that the legs 34 being
uniformly deflected inwardly form an annular groove 50 and define
triangular shaped top and bottom openings 52 and 54 respectively
which have their vertexes at the transverse plane extending through
the groove 50. It is seen in FIG. 6 that adjacent edges of the legs
34 are in substantial engagement with each other and thus the space
seen 38 between the legs is sufficient to accommodate the normal
maximum compression which is usually on the order of one-fourth the
initial length of the plastic wad 20. When deformed the legs 34
include a relatively straight portion 56 which merges into a
inwardly tapering portion 58 in turn merging with a portion 60
tapering inwardly from the ring element 36. In FIG. 7 it is seen
that the ring 36 is on the outer peripheral surface of the legs
34.
After the cartridge has been fired the shot sleeve appears as is
seen in FIG. 9 at 18A wherein the elongated wall portions 62 have
flared outwardly. The plastic wad 20A has been substantially
crushed and no longer has uniform regular lines as it did during
the reloading operation as seen in FIG. 2 and FIG. 5.
Thus it is seen that the plastic wad 20 during the assembling
operation retains its normal shape due to its straight legs 34 and
withstands the assembly pressures involved but when the compressive
forces during the reloading operation are applied the legs 34 bend
inwardly uniformly a sufficient amount to accommodate whatever
quantity of shot that may be used.
It is seen that the wading of this invention is universal in its
application as it will work satisfactorily with shells manufactured
by different companies in different lengths and having inside
diameters which are different.
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