U.S. patent number 3,730,046 [Application Number 05/225,732] was granted by the patent office on 1973-05-01 for orally operated electronic musical instrument.
Invention is credited to Larry A. Spence.
United States Patent |
3,730,046 |
Spence |
May 1, 1973 |
ORALLY OPERATED ELECTRONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENT
Abstract
Means forming an air channel is connected between the output of
a loudspeaker and the input of a microphone. The output of the
microphone is amplified by means of an amplifier, the output of the
amplifier being fed to the speaker, an acoustical feedback path
thus being formed between the speaker and the microphone. A
mouthpiece is connected in this acoustical path such that an
operator can determine the frequency of the feedback signal by
adjusting the size of his oral cavity, thus forming musical
tones.
Inventors: |
Spence; Larry A. (Los Angeles,
CA) |
Family
ID: |
22846000 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/225,732 |
Filed: |
February 14, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
84/723;
200/81.9R; 84/671; 84/701; 381/96; 381/118; 984/374; 84/DIG.10;
84/692 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G10H
3/24 (20130101); Y10S 84/10 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G10H
3/24 (20060101); G10H 3/00 (20060101); G10m
003/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;84/1.01,1,DIG.21,1.05
;179/1AL,1VC,1F,1M |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wilkinson; Richard B.
Assistant Examiner: Weldon; U.
Claims
I claim:
1. A mouth operated electronic musical instrument for use in
forming tones comprising:
a microphone,
a loudspeaker,
amplifier means for amplifying the output of said microphone, the
output of said amplifier means being fed to said loudspeaker,
means for providing an acoustical feedback path between the
loudspeaker and the microphone input comprising a casing for
enclosing said microphone, enclosure means for forming an enclosure
with said loudspeaker, and tube means for interconnecting said
casing and said enclosure means, and
a mouthpiece connected to said means for providing a feedback
path.
2. The instrument of claim 1 wherein said tube means comprises a
first tube connected at one end thereof to the enclosure means,
said mouthpiece being located at the other end of said first tube,
and a second tube interconnecting said first tube and said
casing.
3. The instrument of claim 1 wherein said enclosure means for
forming an enclosure with said loudspeaker comprises a housing
having an open end portion forming a horn for said loudspeaker,
said loudspeaker having a speaker cone and being mounted in said
housing, one side of said cone forming an enclosure with said
housing, the other side of said cone radiating sound through said
horn, said tube means being connected to the last mentioned
enclosure.
4. The instrument of claim 1 wherein said enclosure means comprises
a casing enclosing said loudspeaker and further including an
amplifier connected to receive the output of said amplifier means
and a second loudspeaker connected to receive the output of said
amplifier.
5. A mouth operated electronic musical instrument for use in
forming tones with an operator's oral cavity comprising:
a microphone,
a casing for enclosing said microphone,
a loudspeaker having a cone for radiating sound,
a housing for said loudspeaker, the cone of said speaker and said
housing forming an enclosure for the sound radiated by one side of
said cone,
amplifier means for amplifying the output of said microphone, the
output of said amplifier means being fed to said loudspeaker,
means providing an air channel interconnecting the microphone
casing and said enclosure, and
a mouthpiece for use by the operator, connected to said last
mentioned means.
6. The instrument of claim 5 and further including a switch having
a pressure responsive actuator and a pair of electrical switch
contacts, a casing member for housing said switch and means for
providing an air channel between said casing member and said
mouthpiece, said switch contacts being interposed between said
microphone and said loudspeaker, whereby said switch contacts are
closed only when there is a predetermined air pressure signal at
said mouthpiece.
7. The instrument of claim 5 wherein said housing is shaped to form
a horn for radiating sound from the other side of the loudspeaker
cone.
8. The instrument of claim 5 wherein said housing encloses the
other side of said cone and further including an amplifier
connected to receive the output of said amplifier means and a
second loudspeaker driven by the output of said amplifier to
provide the sound output.
9. A mouth operated electronic musical instrument for use in
forming tones comprising:
a microphone,
a loudspeaker,
amplifier means for amplifying the output of said microphone, the
output of said amplifier means being fed to said loudspeaker,
means for providing an acoustical feedback path between the
loudspeaker output and the microphone input,
a mouthpiece connected to said means for providing a feedback
path,
pressure actuated switch means for controlling the generation of
said tones, and
channel means interconnecting said switch means and said
mouthpiece,
said switch means being actuated to cause tones to be generated
only when a pressure signal is introduced into said mouthpiece.
10. The instrument of claim 9 wherein said pressure actuated switch
means is an electrical switch interposed between said microphone
and said loudspeaker.
Description
This invention relates to electronic musical instruments, and more
particularly to such an instrument in which the basic tones are
determined by the operator's oral cavity.
In whistling and singing, the size of the oral cavity is varied so
as to resonate at various frequencies to produce a range of tones.
Various musical instruments have been devised in the prior art for
making use of this capability. Such devices, however, generally
involve the introduction of an externally generated sound which is
filtered or modulated by the oral cavity.
The device of this invention is a unique improvement over such
prior art devices in that the frequencies of the basic tones are
determined by means of the oral cavity itself, with no external
source of sound being involved. This provides a unique acoustical
effect not present in prior art devices in that the operator
himself can determine the basic generated tone, The device of the
invention further can be fabricated from a minimum number of
components which can be assembled at a relatively low cost.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a unique
electronic musical instrument.
It is a further object of this invention to enable the formation of
musical tones by means of one's oral cavity without the use of the
vocal cords or an external sound source.
It is another object of this invention to provide a unique
electronic musical instrument which utilizes the intuitive
capacities of the operator in forming tones.
Other objects of the invention will become apparent as the
description proceeds in connection with the accompanying drawings,
of which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating one embodiment of the
device of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 partially
cross-sectioned to illustrate the various components thereof;
FIG. 3 is a schematic drawing of the electrical and acoustical
circuitry of the embodiment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a view in partial cross-section of a second embodiment of
the device of the invention; and
FIG. 5 is a schematic drawing illustrating the electrical and
acoustical circuitry of the embodiment of FIG. 4.
Briefly described, the device of the invention is as follows: The
cone of a loudspeaker is used to form one wall of an enclosure. A
channel forming an acoustical path connects this enclosure to
another enclosure in which a microphone is contained. A mouthpiece
is inserted in this channel. An amplifier is used to amplify the
output of the microphone, the output of the amplifier being
connected to the speaker. An acoustical feedback path is thus
formed between the speaker and the microphone. When an operator
places his lips on the mouthpIece, he can determine the frequency
of the feedback signals by varying the effective size and thus the
resonant frequency of his oral cavity. It is thus possible to
generate musical tones. A pressure-responsive switch may be
connected to the mouthpiece so that it is responsive to blowing
pressure of the operator, this switch being placed either in the
electrical or acoustical circuit so as to complete either of these
circuits only when the operator is expelling air.
In one embodiment of the invention the tone output comes directly
from the cone of the speaker utilized in the feedback circuit. In a
second embodiment of the invention both sides of the speaker cone
are enclosed by containing walls and the output tones are generated
by taking the output of the amplifier in the feedback circuit and
feeding this to another amplifier which drives a separate
loudspeaker. This second embodiment has the advantage of permitting
control of the amplitude and other qualities and characteristics of
the tones.
Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, one embodiment of the device of the
invention is illustrated. Casing 11 houses amplifier circuitry and
power source therefor which may comprise batteries or an AC power
supply for furnishing DC. Mounted on casing 11 is speaker housing
13. Speaker housing 13 includes a horn portion 13a for acoustically
aiding the transmission of the sound radiated by the rear surfaces
of the speaker cone 15a of speaker 15. Housing 13 further includes
a speaker enclosure portion 13b which, with the front surface 15b
of the speaker cone, forms an enclosure for the sound radiated by
the front of the speaker. The rim portion 15c of the speaker is
sealed to a ridge 13c which runs along the inner wall of the
housing so that the speaker effectively forms a sealed wall of
enclosure portion 13b. A pressure relief hole 13d is formed in
enclosure portion 13b to permit a rapid reduction in pressure when
the operator stops expelling air so the pressure actuated switch
can open to end the note.
A microphone 17, which may be of the dynamic type, is mounted in
casing 19. An air channel is provided between enclosure portion 13b
and casing 19 by means of tube 21 which has fluid communications to
the inside of enclosure portion 13b and tube 23 which provides
fluid communications between tube 21 and casing 19. The input
portion 17a of microphone 17 faces towards the input of tube 23.
Thus, an acoustical channel is formed between the output of speaker
15 and the input of microphone 17. A mouthpiece 21a is formed at
the end of tube 21 for use in operating the instrument. It is to be
noted that tube 23 effectively provides a probe for transmitting
sound energy to the microphone.
For optimum results, tube members 21 and 23 should be as short as
possible so as to minimize phase lag in the acoustical path
provided thereby which would tend to limit the high frequency range
of the instrument. Further, microphone probe 23 should be connected
to tube 21 as close to mouthpiece 21a as possible, to most
accurately reflect the characteristics of the sound developed in
the operator's oral cavity.
Pressure-actuated switch 25 is housed in casing member 27, an air
channel being formed between casing 27 and enclosure portion 13b by
means of tube member 29. The contacts of pressure actuated switch
25 are connected in series between microphone 17 and the amplifier
contained in housing 11, as shown schematically in FIG. 3. Switch
25 may comprise any switch unit sensitive to air pressure, such as
for example an elastic membrane 25a which closes contacts 25b and
25c in response to an air pressure signal.
In operating the device, an operator 30 places his lips over
mouthpiece 21a and blows into the mouthpiece, at the same time
forming a tone to be played with his oral cavity 30a. The oral
cavity size is varied as in whistling or singing to form the tone.
The simultaneous blowing action provides a pressure signal which
closes switch 25, providing an electrical path from microphone 17
to amplifier 33 (see FIG. 3). The sound from the amplifier is fed
to speaker 15 and an acoustical feedback path is provided from the
speaker to the microphone through tube 21 and microphone probe 23,
resulting in oscillation. The frequency and acoustical
characteristics of this oscillation are determined by the
acoustical resonance characteristics of the oral cavity 30a, the
operator being able to change these characteristics to produce
various tone outputs.
It is to be noted that the speaker cone must be substantially
airtight so that air pressure can be built up on the front portions
15b thereof. Further the front portion of the speaker cone should
be waterproofed because of the high level of condensation that
occurs within enclosure portion 13b when the instrument is
operated. It is further to be noted that electrical pressure
actuated switch 25 could be replaced by a pressure actuated valve
located in the acoustical feedback path, e.g., a flap valve located
in tube 21 or microphone probe 23.
Referring now to FIG. 3, the first embodiment of the invention is
schematically illustrated. The output of microphone 17 passes
through pressure actuated switch 25 and thence is amplified by
means Of voltage amplifier 33 and power amplifier 37, the output of
amplifier 37 being fed to loudspeaker 15. Equalization is used in
the amplifiers to compensate for phase shifts introduced into the
system by virtue of the loudspeaker and microphone characteristics.
For optimum response the feedback components of the microphone
output should be in phase with the signal that produced it. The
acoustical output of speaker 15 is connected by means of acoustical
channel 35 to the input of microphone 17. Connected to the
acoustical channel 35 is a resonant cavity 30a formed by the oral
cavity of the operator. The frequency of the acoustical feedback
and thus the frequency of the amplifier and speaker outputs is
determined by the resonant frequency of oral cavity 30a which is
determined by the operator of the instrument.
Referring now to FIGS. 4 and 5, a second embodiment of the device
of the invention is illustrated. This second embodiment is similar
to the first, except that the output of the speaker in the
acoustical feedback circuit is not used as the sound output, the
tone output rather being derived from a separate speaker which
receives a signal from the power amplifier. As can be seen in FIG.
4, speaker 15, rather than having a horn to radiate the output of
the back cone surfaces 15a, is fully enclosed in casing 13. Also, a
separate speaker 42, which may be of a larger size than speaker 15,
is utilized in conjunction with a separate amplifier to radiate the
sound, as now to be explained in connection with FIG. 5. Otherwise,
the second embodiment is the same as the first just described.
Referring now to FIG. 5, an acoustical feedback path 35 is provided
as before between the output of speaker 15 and the input of
microphone 17 with the oral cavity 30 a being used to form the
tones. The output of microphone 17 is fed through pressure actuated
switch 25 to voltage amplifier 35 and thence to power amplifier 37
the output of which is fed to speaker 15. Speaker 15 is fully
enclosed in casing 13 so that except for the acoustical feedback,
there is a minimum amount of radiation from the speaker cone. The
output of amplifier 37 is also fed through potentiometer 41 to the
input of amplifier 43, the output of amplifier 43 being fed to
speaker 42. Potentiometer 41 is used as a volume control to control
the sound output of the speaker 42. Other controls may also be
incorporated in amplifier 43, such as tone controls, modulation
controls, etc. Further, modulation signals can be introduced into
the amplifier from external sources to further modify the musical
sounds generated. Thus, the second embodiment affords greater
versatility of operation and enables the utilization of a separate
higher fidelity sound system in radiating the sound output.
Further, potentiometer 41, amplifier 43 and speaker 42 may be
formed by an existing sound system to which the output of amplifier
37 is fed.
The musical instrument of this invention thus provides a unique
device for generating tones with one's oral cavity without the use
of the vocal cords or an external tone signal.
While the device of this invention has been described and
illustrated in detail, it is to be clearly understood that this is
intended by way of illustration and example only and is not to be
taken by way of limitation, the spirit and scope of this invention
being limited only by the terms of the following claims.
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