U.S. patent number 3,729,159 [Application Number 05/194,820] was granted by the patent office on 1973-04-24 for wall forming bracket.
Invention is credited to Robert C. Foster.
United States Patent |
3,729,159 |
Foster |
April 24, 1973 |
WALL FORMING BRACKET
Abstract
A wall-forming bracket or clamp, also known as a waler bracket,
for concrete wall forms of the type using plywood wall-forming
sheets, tie rods with headed ends projecting through holes in the
sheets, vertical lumber studs overlying the sheets and horizontal
lumber walers overlying the studs. The bracket is a one-piece rigid
metal member having a flat base on which the waler rests, an
upturned outer end flange for overlying the outer edge of the
waler, an upturned inclined leg on the opposite end of the base
having a keyhole slotted downturned end flange for receiving the
headed end of a tie rod and overlying the outer surface of the
plywood sheet, and an outturned foot on the bottom of the
downturned flange adapted to be struck by a hammer to remove the
bracket from the wall form after use. The slotted downturned flange
presents a large surface area to the plywood sheet which will not
dimple the plywood under a heavy load and the face of the
downturned flange receiving the head of the tie rod is inclined to
cam the bracket against the plywood sheet causing it to project
straight outwardly therefrom. The top and bottom ends of the
downturned flange are rounded and any bending deformation of the
bracket is in a direction that will not permit these rounded ends
to damage the plywood.
Inventors: |
Foster; Robert C. (Elk Grove
Village, IL) |
Family
ID: |
22719017 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/194,820 |
Filed: |
November 2, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
249/219.2;
248/205.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04G
17/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E04G
17/02 (20060101); E04g 017/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;248/25R,224
;249/192,219W |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Foss; J. Franklin
Claims
I claim:
1. A waler bracket for concrete wall forms of the type using
plywood sheets for wall forming panels, tie rods with headed ends
projecting through holes in the sheets having abutments engaging
the inner faces of the sheets, vertical studs overlying the sheets
and horizontal walers overlying the studs which comprises a
one-piece rigid flat strip metal bracket having a horizontal base,
an upturned flange on one end of the base for overlying a waler, an
upwardly inclined leg on the other end of the base, a downturned
flange depending from the top of said inclined leg for overlying
the outer surface of a plywood sheet, said upturned leg extending
to a level so that the downturned flange has a substantial portion
thereof aligned with said upturned flange, an outturned foot on the
bottom of said downturned flange underlying said inclined leg, a
keyhole slot in said downturned flange for receiving the headed end
of a tie rod and having the narrow end terminating in said
substantial portion at a level to place the axis of the tie rod at
the approximate mid portion of said upturned flange, and a cam
surface on said downturned flange surrounding said keyhole slot
receiving the head of the tie rod thereagainst for drawing the
downturned flange against the plywood sheet to hold the bracket
straight outwardly from the sheet.
2. The waler bracket of claim 1 wherein the inclined leg and the
top end of the downturned flange and the outturned foot and the
bottom end of the downturned flange are connected by smooth rounded
portions of large radii.
3. The waler bracket of claim 1 wherein the inclined leg has an
angle between 30.degree. to 60.degree. relative to the horizontal
base.
4. A waler bracket for concrete wall forms of the type using
plywood sheets for wall forming panels, tie rods with headed ends
projecting through holes in the sheets having abutments engaging
the inner faces of the sheets, vertical studs overlying the sheets
and horizontal walers overlying the studs which comprises a
one-piece rigid flat strip metal bracket having a horizontal base,
an upturned flange on one end of the base for overlying a waler, an
upwardly inclined leg on the other end of the base, a downturned
flange depending from the top of said inclined leg for overlying
the outer surface of a plywood sheet, said upturned leg extending
to a level so that the downturned flange has a substantial portion
thereof aligned with said upturned flange, an outturned foot on the
bottom of said downturned flange underlying said inclined leg, and
a vertical keyhole slot in said downturned flange for receiving the
headed end of a tie rod and having the top of the narrow end
terminating in said substantial portion at a level to place the
axis of the tie rod at the approximate mid portion of said upturned
flange.
5. The waler bracket of claim 4 wherein said outturned foot
underlies the inclined leg at a level below the horizontal
base.
6. The waler bracket of claim 4 wherein the downturned flange
presents a large surface area for overlying a plywood sheet to
distribute the loads therebetween over a large area.
7. The waler bracket of claim 4 wherein the face of the downturned
flange receiving the head of the tie rod is inclined outwardly from
the large to the small end of the keyhole slot to draw the flange
against the plywood sheet and hold the bracket straight outwardly
from the sheet.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to the art of concrete wall form
constructions and more specifically to clamps or brackets coacting
with plywood sheets and supports therefor to produce strong rigid
and accurate concrete receiving forms. The clamps or brackets of
this invention are easily installed, used and removed without
damaging the plywood sheets so that they may be repeatedly
used.
PRIOR ART
Plywood wall forms have heretofore been assembled with waler
brackets of generally U-shaped configuration as for example in the
Allen U.S. Pat. No. 3,236,486 dated Feb. 22, 1966. While such
brackets are highly successful, they tend to hang in a tilted
position during installation and when overloaded tend to bend in a
direction which could dimple the plywood so that when they are
knocked out of assembled position after use, gouging and scarfing
of the plywood could occur damaging its surface. Since the plywood
sheets are intended for repeated use, gouging or scarfing of an
outer surface of a plywood sheet in one installation precludes the
use of this surface as the concrete receiving face in the
succeeding installations. Preservation of the outer surface of the
plywood wall form sheet is therefore desirable to prolong use of
the sheet and avoidance of the tilting of the bracket during
assembly is desirable to facilitate installation of the waler
lumber.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention now provides a wall forming clamp or waler
bracket which will not deface the surface of a wall form and will
stand straight outwardly from the wall form to easily accept the
walers during installation. The brackets of this invention are
shaped so that bending movements that might occur during periods of
overload will not permit the bracket to dig into the wall form.
A feature of the invention is the provision of an enlarged surface
area opposing the plywood wall forming sheet to distribute any load
between the sheet and bracket over a wide area and to provide the
top and bottom ends of this surface with rounded corners which can
not dig into the plywood.
Another feature of the invention is to provide a waler bracket
which has an upstanding flange at the outer end to overlie the
waler and a downwardly depending flange at the inner end aligned
with the upstanding flange to overlie the plywood wall forming
sheet.
Another feature of the invention is the provision of an inclined
leg on a waler bracket which will slidably guide the waler to its
use position.
An object of the invention is to provide a concrete wall forming
clamp or waler bracket which will not damage the wall form even
when overloaded.
A further object of the invention is to provide a waler bracket
which will stand straight outwardly from the wall form when hung on
a tie rod during installation of the wall form in assembly.
A further object of the invention is to provide a waler bracket
having a flat bottom, an upstanding flange at the outer end for
overlying a waler, an inclined leg extending upwardly from the
bottom to a level above the outer end flange and a depending flange
extending downwardly from the upper end of the inclined leg and
terminating in a reverse horizontal foot underlying the inclined
leg.
Another object of the invention is to provide a waler bracket with
an enlarged downwardly depending flange presenting a large surface
to a wall form sheet and having a keyhole tie rod receiving slot
with a cam edge engaging the head of the tie rod to draw the
bracket tightly against the wall form causing it to stand straight
outwardly therefrom.
Another object of the invention is to provide a waler bracket free
from sharp edges adjacent the wall confronting end thereof.
Other and further objects of this invention will become apparent to
those skilled in this art from the following detailed description
of the annexed sheets of drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating one preferred form of the
invention;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view illustrating the
preferred form of waler brackets of this invention installed in a
wall forming assembly composed of plywood wall forming sheets, tie
rods having headed ends projecting through the sheets, vertical
studs overlying the sheets and horizontal walers overlying the
studs;
FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of the preferred form of waler
bracket of this invention mounted on the headed end of a tie rod
extending through a hole in the plywood wall form to illustrate the
manner in which the bracket stands straight outwardly from the wall
form during installation;
FIG. 4 is a view of the portion of the assembly of FIG. 2 on an
enlarged scale and illustrating the manner in which the bracket
cants away from the wall form during overload without gouging into
the wall form;
FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 3 but illustrating the manner in
which a prior art wall bracket rests in tilted relation to the wall
form during installation;
FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 4 but illustrating the bending of
the prior art bracket of FIG. 5 during overload showing the manner
in which it gouges into the wall form.
DESCRIPTOIN OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In FIG. 1 the reference numeral 10 designates generally the
preferred form of waler bracket of this invention. The bracket 10
is composed of rigid heavy gauge strip steel forged and hardened to
the illustrated shape. The bracket has a horizontal bottom wall 11
with an upturned vertical flange 12 at its outer end, an upwardly
inclined leg 13 at its inner end, a downturned vertical flange 14
depending from the upper end of the leg 13 and a horizontal foot 15
on the bottom end of the flange 14 underlying the leg 13 at a level
below the bottom 11. The leg 13 is inclined at an angle of about
45.degree. with a 30.degree. to 60.degree. inclination being useful
so that a substantial portion of the flange 14 will be aligned with
the flange 12 preferably rising to a top level above the top of the
flange 12.
The bottom 11 and leg 13 are embossed with parallel ribs 16 to
reinforce and rigidify these portions of the bracket. The
embossments extend from the bottom of the flange 12 to the top of
the leg 13.
The top of the flange 12 is inclined outwardly to provide a lip
17.
The top of the leg 13 merges into the top of the flange 14 and the
bottom of the flange 14 merges into the foot 15 through large
radius bends 18 and 19 respectively which provide smooth rocking
surfaces.
The central portion of the downturned flange 14 has a generally
rectangular embossment 20 increasing in depth toward the top of the
flange. A keyhole slot 21 is formed through the longitudinal
central portion of this embossment 20 having a large circular hole
portion 22 at the bottom end of the embossment where it is flush
with the front face of the flage 14 and a narrow vertical slot 23
extending from the top of this hole 22 substantially to the top of
the embossment 20.
The foot 15 is horizontal and parallels the bottom 11. It may be of
any desired length to provide a striking area for a hammer to
remove the bracket from a wall installation as will be more
hereinafter fully described. As shown, the end 24 of the foot
terminates about midway of the length of the leg 13 although the
length of the foot may vary as desired.
As shown in FIG. 2, the brackets 10 of this invention are used to
assemble and lock together the components of a plywood wall form 25
composed of spaced plywood sheets 26 with holes 27 therethrough
receiving the headed ends of metal ties or tie rods 28. These tie
rods 28 have abutments 29 spaced inwardly from the ends thereof
against which washers 30 are seated to engage the inner faces of
the plywood sheets 26 around the holes 27. The ties project through
these holes 27 and through the keyhole slots 21 of the brackets 10
to terminate in enlarged heads 31 which can pass through the
circular openings 22 of the keyhole slots but which can not pass
through the narrow slot portions 23 thereof so that the head will
overlie the embossed portions 20 of the brackets.
Vertical two by four lumber studs 32 overlie the outer faces of the
plywood sheets 26 at spaced intervals to reinforce the sheets.
Horizontal two by four lumber walers 33 overlie the studs 32 at
intervals to hold the studs against the plywood sheets. The entire
assembly is held together by wedging the walers 33 into the outer
ends of the brackets 10, the walers resting on the horizontal
bottoms 11 of the brackets and embraced by the upstanding flanges
12 as shown to be held against the outer edges of the studs 32.
Concrete C is poured between the sheets 26 to form a wall.
As better shown in FIG. 3, the bracket 10 is assembled on the end
of the tie 28 which projects through the hole 27 beyond the plywood
sheet 26 by merely inserting the head 31 of the tie through the
large circular bottom end 22 of the keyhole slot allowing the
bracket to drop downwardly to move the tie to the top end of the
narrow slot portion 23 of the keyhole slot whereupon the head 31
will ride along the inclined face of the flange 14 provided by the
embossment 20. This will draw the flange 14 against the plywood
sheet 26 moving the sheet against the washer 30 and holding the
bracket 10 straight outwardly from the sheet.
While the camming action of the head 31 on the flange 14 is
illustrated as being effected by an embossed portion 20 on the
flange, it should be understood that a cam surface can be formed on
the flange around the keyhole slot in any other desired manner as
by thickening the flange thereby eliminating a gap 34 between the
outer base of the plywood sheet 26 and the face of the flange
14.
As shown in FIG. 2, concrete 2 is poured between the plywood sheets
26 to form the wall. This concrete exerts an outward force on the
plywood sheets 26 and as illustrated in FIG. 4 this force may move
the plywood 26 slightly outward and away from the washer 30 placing
stress on the bracket 10. Of course, the studs 32 and walers 33
hold the wall form 26 close to its original installed position but
in the event of overstressing any bending movements of the bracket
10 are in such directions that the bracket can not bite into the
plywood 26. For example, if the waler 33 is forced outwardly by the
stud 32 because of the outward movement of the wall 26 the flange
12 of the bracket 10 would, of course, be stressed outwardly and
overstressing might possibly deflect the bracket in a downward and
outward direction. Such a bending movement could only result in a
pulling away of the top portion of the flange 14 from the wall 26
as by a canting action shown in FIG. 4. A rocking of the flange 14
on the plywood 26 could only occur at the rounded corner 19.
However, since this rounded corner merges into a very large face of
the flange 14 confronting the plywood 26 and since the corner is
smooth and has a large radius it will not dig into the plywood.
Even if this rocking of the bracket opens up a gap 35 between the
top of the flange 14 and the plywood wall form, no damage of the
outer face of the wall form can occur because the remaining surface
area of the flange engaging the wall form 26 will be sufficiently
large to distribute the load over a wide area and minimize any
depression of the wall surface.
When the concrete C has set to form the wall, the brackets 10 of
this invention are easily removed by striking the foot 15 with an
upward blow from a hammer or the like tool thereby lifting the
brackets and allowing the head 31 to be loosened from the cam
surface provided by the embossment 20. This raising of the bracket
will not scarf the plywood 26 even though the bracket has been
overstressed as shown in FIG. 4 because the upper rounded corner 18
of the bracket can not dig into the plywood and the stressing of
the assembly has been in the direction to move this corner away
from the plywood. Further, the rounded bottom corner 19 will
smoothly ride on the face of the wall 26 without digging into the
wall.
To emphasize the advantages of the brackets of this invention from
the prior art is exemplified by the aforesaid Allen U.S. No.
3,236,486. FIG. 5 shows the manner in which the prior art bracket
tilts downwardly from the wall form and FIG. 6 illustrates the
manner in which the prior art bracket could dimple and gouge into
the outer surface of the wall form when overloaded. Thus as shown
in FIG. 5, the prior art U-shaped bracket 40 with its flat bottom
wall 41 and upturned end flanges 42 and 43 hangs on the end of the
tie rod 28 which projects through the hole 27 beyond the wall form
26 but the head 31 of the tie rod seats only in the keyhole slot 44
in the flange 43 without being cammed against the outer face of the
wall form 26. The weight of the bracket 40 will thereupon cause it
to rest against the outer face of the wall form 26 at the corner 45
between the flange 43 and the bottom 41. An inclined position of
the bracket 40 therefore results and this interferes with easy
installation of the walers since when they are forced downwardly
into the bracket during the assembly they will further rock the
bracket 40 causing the corner 46 to dig into the wall form 26. The
brackets of the present invention avoid the looseness between the
wall form and the bracket such as is needed in mounting the prior
art brackets 40 on the tie rods.
As shown in FIG. 6, when the prior art bracket 40 is overstressed
by the load of the concrete C against the wall form 26 moving the
wall form outwardly, the bracket will tend to bend tilting the end
flanges 42 and 43 outwardly and of course arching the bottom of 41
of the bracket. This will press the upper edge 46 of the flange 42
into the plywood 26 forming a dimple 47 in the plywood. Then after
the concrete C is set and the wall form is to be removed, the
bracket 40 can only be removed by striking it with an upward blow
causing the edge 46 to dig further into the wall form 26 and
scarfing the outer surface of the wall form rendering it unfit for
use as a concrete receiving face.
From the above descriptions it should be understood that the clamps
or brackets of this invention provide important improvements on the
hereto-fore known waler brackets.
* * * * *