U.S. patent number 3,729,079 [Application Number 05/085,675] was granted by the patent office on 1973-04-24 for printing head for high speed dot matrix printer.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Extel Corporation. Invention is credited to Raymond E. Kranz, Walter J. Zenner.
United States Patent |
3,729,079 |
Zenner , et al. |
April 24, 1973 |
PRINTING HEAD FOR HIGH SPEED DOT MATRIX PRINTER
Abstract
A printing head for a high speed dot matrix printer, comprising
a plurality of cylindrical electromagnets mounted in an arcuate
array with their axes converging on a series of linearly aligned
points immediately adjacent an acruate printing surface. Each
electromagnet has a spring-supported armature spaced from its outer
end and a needle-like printing rod affixed to the armature and
extending through the magnet coil, in spaced coaxial relation
thereto, toward the printing surface. A guide bearing engages each
rod near the printing surface, but most of the rod length is free
of surface contact.
Inventors: |
Zenner; Walter J. (Des Plaines,
IL), Kranz; Raymond E. (Mt. Prospect, IL) |
Assignee: |
Extel Corporation (Chicago,
IL)
|
Family
ID: |
22193215 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/085,675 |
Filed: |
October 30, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
400/124.17;
101/93.04 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B41J
2/265 (20130101); B41J 2/285 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B41J
2/235 (20060101); B41J 2/285 (20060101); B41J
2/265 (20060101); B41J 2/27 (20060101); B41j
001/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;101/93 ;197/1 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,531,666 |
|
May 1968 |
|
FR |
|
1,281,901 |
|
Dec 1961 |
|
FR |
|
80,385 |
|
Mar 1963 |
|
FR |
|
Primary Examiner: Burr; Edgar S.
Claims
We claim:
1. A printing head for a high speed dot matrix printer
comprising:
a frame;
a plurality of electromagnets, mounted in an arcuate array, each
electromagnet including an fixed magnetic structure having a
central axial aperture and a coil mounted within the fixed magnetic
structure in symmetrical coaxial alignment with its central
aperture, the projected axes of said central apertures of said
electromagnets converging toward and extending through a print
location in a predetermined pattern;
a corresponding plurality of elongated,stiff, linear printing rods,
each extending coaxially through the central aperture of an
associated electromagnet, to a point immediately adjacent to said
print location;
a corresponding plurality of magnetic armatures, one for each
electromagnet, each armature being affixed to the outer end of the
printing rod for its electromagnet in coaxial alignment with said
printing rod to afford a print rod assembly for the associated
electromagnet, said print rod assembly being the only structure
located in said central aperture, energization of the electromagnet
coil driving the armature toward abutting engagement with the fixed
magnetic structure;
fixed inner end guide means, engaging only a limited inner end
portion of each of said printing rods, for maintaining the inner
end of each printing rod in co-linear alignment with the axis of
the central aperture in its associated electromagnet and in
alignment with said predetermined pattern;
and a corresponding plurality of individual, independent suspension
springs, each affixed to the outer end of the fixed magnetic
structure of one electromagnet and to the outer end of the print
rod assembly for that electromagnet;
one of said suspension springs and said inner end guide means
constituting the sole support for the entire print rod assembly for
each electromagnet, maintaining both said armature and said print
rod in coaxial linear alignment with the central aperture of the
fixed magnetic structure and totally free of engagement with said
central aperture at all times and limiting the print rod assembly
and the fixed magnetic structure to abutting engagement of the
armature and the fixed magnetic structure whenever the coil is
energized, whereby friction losses in operation are limited to
frictional engagement of the printing rods with the inner end guide
means and internal friction in the suspension springs.
2. A printing head for a high speed dot matrix printer, according
to claim 1, in which said independent resilient suspension means
for each armature and printing rod comprises a flat leaf spring
extending transversely to said rod and supporting said rod near the
outer end of the rod.
3. A printing head for a high speed dot matrix printer, according
to claim 2, in which said inner end guide means comprises a
corresponding plurality of flat cantilever leaf springs, one for
each armature and rod, each supporting its rod at a point near said
print location.
4. A printing head for a high speed dot matrix printer according to
claim 2 in which each said leaf spring is a plural-legged
convoluted flat spring concentrically mounted relative to its
associated printing rod.
5. A printing head for a high speed dot matrix printer, according
to claim 1, in which said electromagnet includes a central core and
an encompassing concentric sleeve, both of high-permeability
magnetic material, and in which said armature is of disc-like
configuration, spanning said core and said sleeve when said
electromagnet is energized.
6. A printing head for a high speed dot matrix printer, according
to claim 1, and further comprising a corresponding plurality of
loose-fitting central guide members, each located at the central
portion of a respective one of said print rods, and each extending
for only a minor fractional portion of the length of a print rod,
for preventing excessive bending of the print rods.
7. A printing head for a high speed dot matrix printer, according
to claim 1, in which said inner end guide means comprises two
separate guide structures, engaging said print rods at closely
spaced points, for maintaining said print rods in vertical and
horizontal alignment respectively.
8. A printing head for a high speed dot matrix printer
comprising:
a frame;
a plurality of electromagnets, mounted on said frame in an arcuate
array, each electromagnet including a fixed magnetic structure
having a central axial aperture and a coil mounted within the fixed
magnetic structure in symmetrical coaxial alignment with its
central aperture, the projected axes of said central apertures of
said electromagnets converging toward and extending through a print
location in a predetermined pattern;
a corresponding plurality of elongated, stiff, linear printing
rods, each extending coaxially through the central aperture of an
associated electromagnet, to a point immediately adjacent to said
print location;
a corresponding plurality of magnetic armatures, one for each
electromagnet, each armature being affixed to the outer end of the
printing rod for its electromagnet in coaxial alignment with said
printing rod to afford a print rod assembly for the associated
electromagnet, said print rod assembly being the only structure
located in said central aperture, energization of the electromagnet
coil driving the armature toward abutting engagement with the fixed
magnetic structure;
and independent resilient suspension and guide means, engaging each
print rod only at limited portions thereof adjacent the ends of the
rod, comprising a cantilever leaf spring supporting the print rod
near said print location and an additional spring supporting said
rod near its outer end,
said suspension and guide means constituting the sole support for
the entire print rod assembly for each electromagnet, maintaining
both said armature and said print rod in coaxial linear alignment
with the central aperture of the fixed magnetic structure and
totally free of engagement with said central aperture at all times
and limiting the print rod assembly and the fixed magnetic
structure to abutting engagement of the armature and the fixed
magnetic structure whenever the coil is energized, whereby friction
losses in operation are limited to internal friction in the
suspension and guide means.
9. A printing head for a high speed dot matrix printer, according
to claim 8, in which each said additional spring is a plural-legged
convoluted flat spring concentrically mounted relative to its
associated printing rod.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
The printing head described herein is particularly useful in the
high speed printer disclosed in the co-pending application of
Walter J. Zenner and Raymond E. Kranz, Ser. No. 71,051, filed Sept.
10, 1970, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,670,861.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In a dot matrix printer, the printing operation is performed by a
plurality of elongated printing rods or wires that are normally
maintained in alignment with a printing surface and spaced a very
short distance from that surface. To print a given character, a
selected group of printing rods is driven into contact with the
paper; the character imprint may be accomplished in a single
operation if a large two-dimensional group of printing wires is
used or it may be accomplished in several steps if a single row of
printing rods is used. In either type of dot matrix printer, the
printing rods are actuated many times in printing even a single
page of material, either once per character or several times per
character.
Dot matrix printers have been used for many years, but usually only
in a relatively protected environment. In those printers employing
elongated print wires, it is customery to enclose the wire in a
sheath which may tend to collect moisture and to freeze under low
temperature conditions. Whether employing long wires or short rods
as the printing elements, dot matrix printers tend to clog and to
exhibit operational difficulties if used in dusty or dirty areas,
in applications where the printer is subject to sub-freezing
temperatures, or in other adverse environments. This is
particularly true because, for the most part, the constructions
employed have tended to collect dirt and other foreign matter
around the printing rods or wires, leading to substantial
maintenance difficulties.
Another problem of dot matrix printers pertains to the extremely
rapid action of the printing rods required to achieve high printing
rates, particularly in those printers that utilize only a single
row of printing rods so that some of the printing rods must be
actuated several times to reproduce even a single character. When
long printing wires are used, there is likely to be substantial
friction and considerable mechanical inertia, both tending to limit
the maximum printing speed. This is also true of printing heads
that use short printing rods, as is virtually necessary when the
printing head is mounted on a movable carriage, if the
electromagnets for the printing rods are mounted directly on the
rods, as has been done in some prior art printers. The effort
required to drive the individual printing elements is also
increased in any construction in which a substantial length of the
printing rod is encased in a sheath, or supported in elongated
bearings, due to the friction between the printing rod and the
members that it contacts.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is a principal object of the present invention, therefore, to
provide a new and improved construction for a printing head for a
high speed dot matrix printer, of the kind in which the printing
head is mounted upon a movable carriage that traverses a printing
surface, that can maintain effective and continuous operation with
minimal maintenance under a wide variety of different and
frequently adverse environmental conditions, including dust, dirt,
and sub-freezing temperatures.
A more specific object of the invention is to provide a new and
improved construction for a high speed dot matrix printing head in
which the movable printing elements and the other members connected
therewith are of minimum mass and have a minimum mechanical
inertia, facilitating high speed printing operation.
Another specific object of the invention is to provide a new and
improved high speed dot matrix printing head in which friction
losses in operation of the printing elements are minimized by
mounting each printing element in what amounts to a substantially
frictionless suspension
A further object of the invention is to provide a new and improved
printing head for a high speed dot matrix printer, particularly the
kind that utilizes only a single row of printing rods or similar
printing elements, that is compact, light in weight, and
inexpensive to manufacture, yet consistent and long-lived in its
operation.
Accordingly, the invention is directed to a printing head for a
high speed dot matrix printer which comprises a frame and a
plurality of electromagnets that are mounted on the frame in an
arcuate array, each electromagnet including a coil and an armature
and having a central aperture, with the projected axes of the
apertures converging and extending through a print location in a
predetermined pattern, usually a single vertical line. The printing
head further comprises a corresponding plurality of elongated
printing rods, each rod extending in coaxial spaced relation
through the aperture of its electromagnet to a point immediately
adjacent the aforesaid print location. The outer end of each
printing rod is affixed to the armature of its associated
electromagnet so that energization of the electromagnet drives the
armature and the rod axially toward the print location. Independent
resilient suspension means are provided for each printing rod,
maintaining the rod and its associated armature in essentially
coaxial relation with the electromagnet aperture. Guide bearing
means engage only a limited portion of each of the printing rods,
near the print location, to maintain the rods in alignment with the
aforementioned pattern; each rod is substantially free of surface
contact between its associated electromagnet armature and the guide
bearing means.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side elevation view, partly in cross section,
illustrating a dot matrix printing head constructed in accordance
with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a detail elevation view of one electromagnet in the
printing head;
FIG. 3 is an end elevation view taken approximately as indicated by
line 3--3 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a sectional elevation view illustrating a modified
construction for the electromagnet and printing rod mount of the
invention;
FIG. 5 is a plan view, partly in cross section, of a further
embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a detail view taken approximately along line 6--6 in FIG.
5;
FIGS. 7 and 8 are detail views of another embodiment of the
electromagnet and printing rod mount;
FIG. 9 is a plan view, partly in cross section, of another
embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 10 is a sectional elevation view, taken along line 10--10 in
FIG. 9.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 illustrate a printing head 10 for a high speed dot
matrix printer constructed in accordance with one embodiment of the
present invention and particularly suitable for use in a printer of
the kind described in the aforementioned co-pending application of
Walter J. Zenner and Raymond E. Kranz, Ser. No. 71,051, in which
the printing head includes only enough printing rods for a single
vertical line of dots and is mounted upon a carriage that is moved
across a printing surface to print a line of characters. Printing
head 10 includes a support member or frame 11 of arcuate
configuration that is preferably a part of the carriage of the
printer. The center of curvature of the arcuate frame 11 is a point
12 located a short distance within the external printing surface 13
of a cylindrical platen 14. Thus, a series of radial lines drawn
from point 12 to the arcuate support member 11 will pass through a
printing location 15, on the surface 13 of platen 14, in a linear
pattern of dots.
Printing head 10 further comprises a plurality of electromagnets
mounted in an arcuate array upon support member 11. In the
illustrated construction, there are seven individual electromagnets
21 through 27. As shown in FIG. 3, the electromagnets 21-27 are
arranged in two close-packed rows, the four odd-numbered
electromagnets being in one row and the three even-numbered
electromagnets being in the adjacent row. Electromagnet 24, which
is located at the center of the array of electromagnets, is shown
in cross sectional detail in FIG. 1.
Electromagnet 24, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, comprises a
cylindrical core member 31, preferably formed of a
high-permeability steel or other material having suitable magnetic
properties. Core 31 has an elongated central aperture 32. A flange
33 is formed around the medial portion of the magnet core member 31
and a magnetic sleeve 35 is mounted on flange 33. An electrical
coil 36 is wound on core 31, between the outer end of the core and
the sleeve 35. The outer end of the electromagnet assembly is
closed by a non-magnetic washer 37.
The outer end of sleeve 35 comprises a seat for the inner end of a
coil spring 39; spring 39 abuts against a shoulder 38 formed
integrally with sleeve 35. The outer end of spring 39 engages a
flange 41 on a disc-shaped magnetic armature 42. Normally, spring
39 maintains armature 42 displaced from sleeve 35 and core 31, in
engagement with a non-magnetic stop member 43. As best shown in
FIG. 2, stop member 43 is of U-shaped configuration and includes a
mounting arm 44 that extends back along the electromagnet 24 and is
mounted in a slot 45 in the shoulder 38 on sleeve 35. Thus, spring
39 provides a resilient suspension means for armature 42.
Printing head 10 further comprises a plurality of elongated
printing rods 51 through 57, one for each of the electromagnets
21-27. As shown in FIG. 1, printing rod 54 extends coaxially
through the central aperture 32 in the core 31 of electromagnet 24.
The outer end of printing rod 54, the end farthest from print
location 15, is affixed to armature 42. Thus, spring 39 affords a
resilient suspension for rod 54, as well as armature 42,
maintaining the rod and the armature in essentially coaxial
relation with the central aperture 32 of the electromagnet 24. The
inner end of rod 54 extends almost to contact with platen surface
13 at print location 15. The inner end of the print rod just clears
a sheet of paper 58 extending around the surface of the platen. The
mounting and alignment of the remaining printing rods 51-57 is the
same as described and illustrated for printing rod 54.
Printing head 10 is provided with guide bearing means engaging only
a limited portion of each of the printing rods 51-57 near the print
location 15. In the illustrated construction, this guide bearing
means comprises a molded guide bearing member 59 that engages the
inner end of each of the printing rods 51-57 and maintains the
printing rods in a linear array at the printing location 15.
Preferably, the guide bearing member 59 is a molded member of nylon
or other plastic material having substantial inherent
self-lubricating properties.
The full length of printing rod 54, intermediate armature 42 and
bearing member 59, is left free of any substantial contact with
other structural elements of printing head 10. That is, the
printing rod should be substantially free of surface contact for
most of its length. However, it may be desirable to add an
additional guide at the center of the printing rod to avoid undue
bending of the rod during operation. To this end, a loose-fitting
guide member 61 may be mounted on the end of the electromagnet core
31 to afford a limited support for the center portion of rod 54.
Guide member 61 should provide a loose fit with rod 54 to minimize
frictional engagement between these two elements of the printing
head, so that member 61 can perform a guiding function without
substantial interference with longitudinal movement of rod 54.
In FIGS. 1- 3, electromagnet 24 and print rod 54 are illustrated in
the positions that they occupy when the electromagnet is
de-energized On energization of coil 36, the magnetic field of the
coil, coupled to armature 42 through the magnetic shell comprising
core 31 and sleeve 35, is pulled toward print location 15 against
the bias afforded by spring 39. Since printing rod 54 is affixed to
armature 42, the printing rod is driven in an axial direction into
impact with paper 58 at print location 15, producing a dot
impression upon the paper. A visual impression may be created upon
the paper by use of a ribbon or accompanying carbon paper;
preferably, an impact-sensitive reproducing paper is employed so
that no ribbon or carbon is necessary.
Coil 36 is energized for only a short interval and is then
de-energized, whereupon spring 39 drives armature 42 back to its
original position. The printing rod travel is very short (e.g., one
thirty-second inch). This operation is repeated for every column of
every character that requires a dot at the central location covered
by printing rod 54. The operation is the same for each of the other
electromagnets 21-27 and their associated printing rods 51-57.
Printing head 10 is moved rapidly longitudinally of platen 14 to
reproduce a complete line of characters, the actuation of the
printing rods 51-57 proceeding at a high rate of speed.
Printing head 10 is relatively immune to clogging when used in a
dusty or dirty environment There are no elongated areas of close
fit between any of the printing rods 51-57 and other parts of the
printing head, so that it is quite difficult for dirt or dust to
collect at any point that would jam the mechanism. The only moving
parts in the printing head are the relatively light-weight
armatures and printing rods, such as the printing rod 54 and its
armature 42. The low inertia of the moving parts (limited to the
printing rods and the armatures) makes high speed operation
practical and efficient and also reduces the signal excitation
level required for effective printing. There are no bearing or
sleeves for the printing elements that would require lubrication,
further reducing the possibility of clogging due to the collection
of dirt or dust in the mechanism. Furthermore, the open
construction employed make the collection of moisture in the
mechanism at any vital spot unlikely, so that the printing head
does not freeze up when used in a low temperture environment.
In each operation of each of the printing rods, the return movement
of the printing rod is arrested when its armature engages the
associated stop member such as the stop member 43 for armature 42.
Stop member 43 may be constructed with some resiliency to help
absorb the energy of the armature and the printing rod as they
return to the normal de-energized condition.
FIG. 4 illustrates an alternative construction that may be used for
the electromagnets in printing head 10. The electromagnet 124 shown
in cross section in FIG. 4 comprises a hollow core 131 having a
central aperture 132 through which a printing rod 54 extends in
coaxial spaced relation. The outer rim of a flange 133 on core
member 131 carries one end of a sleeve 135 formed of high
permeability magnetic material. A coil 136, wound upon a bobbin
134, is mounted within sleeve 135, one end of the bobbin 134 being
affixed to the inner portion of magnetic core 131.
The armature 142 for electromagnet 124 is substantially different
in construction from that described above in connection with FIG.
1. Armature 142 has a conical outer portion 141 terminating in a
flange 143 that provides a seat for one end of a coil spring 139.
The other end of spring 139 is seated around the outer end of
bobbin 134 against a washer 144. The conical end 141 of armature
142 tapers inwardly to a smaller section 145 that extends partly
into the electromagnet, within coil 136 The print rod 54 is fitted
into an axial opening in the inner portion 145 of armature 142. A
cup-shaped non-magnetic combination stop member and cover 147 is
threaded onto sleeve 135.
In FIG. 4, electromagnet 124 is illustrated with the parts in the
positions occupied when coil 136 is de-energized. Upon energization
of coil 136, the magnetic field of the coil draws armature 142
inwardly. This drives printing rod 54 through a short distance in
an axial direction so that the printing rod strikes the paper and
makes a dot impression, as described above. When coil 136 is
de-energized, spring 139 drives armature 142 outwardly against stop
member 147, restoring the electromagnet to its original operating
condition and again pulling print rod 54 a short distance away from
the print location. In addition to providing a stop for amature
142, the cup-shaped member 147 substantially encloses the outer end
of the electromagnet to protect it against dirt, moisture, and the
like.
FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate another modification of the armature
mounting for the present invention; FIG. 5 also affords a more
detailed illustration of the guide bearing means 59 for the print
rods 51-57. Only two electromagnets 224 and 225 are shown in FIG.
5, being positioned in the array in the same positions as
electromagnets 24 and 25 (FIGS. 1 and 3). As shown in FIG. 5, the
guide bearing member 59 is formed with two spaced walls 71 and 72
between which the printing rods such as printing rods 54 and 55
extend The one wall 72 has a series of nylon posts 74 mounted
therein to provide for vertical spacing of the even-numbered
printing rods. Similarly, wall 71 has a series of nylon or other
self-lubricating resin posts 73 mounted therein which engage the
odd-numbered printing rods and maintain them in vertical spaced
alignment. All of the printing rods extend forwardly through an
additional wall 75 of nylon or like material, immediately adjacent
printing location 15. The block 75 has a V-shaped opening 76 to
maintain horizontal alignment of the printing rods, all of the
printing rods projecting through the V-shaped opening 76.
In the construction illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6, the armature 242
for the electromagnet 224 is mounted upon a leaf spring 239. The
leaf spring 239 has one end supported upon a spacer 244 that is in
turn mounted upon a frame member 245 by suitable means such as a
bolt 246. The leaf spring 239 performs the same basic function as
the coil springs in the previously described embodiments, but does
not require a stop member to limit the outward travel of the
electromagnet armature. On the other hand, the leaf spring
construction introduces a slight disadvantage in that the bending
of the spring tends to introduce a slight bending of the associated
printing rod 54, which may ultimately result in some minor
deformation of the printing rod. In all other respects, the
construction and operation of the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 5
and 6 is essentially similar to that of FIGS. 1-4.
FIG. 7 illustrates a modified form of electromagnet, printing rod,
and armature suspension means that may be utilized in either of the
printing heads illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 5. The electromagnet 324,
shown in cross section in FIG. 7, comprises a hollow core 331
having a central aperture 332 through which the printing rod 54
extends in coaxial spaced relation. Core 331 is of re-entrant
construction, affording an outer magnetic sleeve 333 that extends
parallel to the inner portion of the core. A coil 336 wound on a
bobbin 334 is mounted within sleeve 333 around the central core
331.
The outer end of sleeve 333 is of enlarged circumference and is
formed with a shallow internal shoulder 337. A three-legged flat
convoluted spring 338 is mounted on shoulder 337. The central
portion of spring 338 is affixed to an armature 342 for
electromagnet 324. Armature 342 includes a peripherally extending
flange 341 aligned with and engageable with an internal shoulder
339 in sleeve 333. Armature 342 is affixed to the outer end of
printing rod 54.
Spring 338 comprises an independent resilient suspension means for
maintaining both armature 342 and printing rod 54 in coaxial
alignment with the central aperture 332 for coil 336, out of
contact with the other elements of the electromagnet. The inner end
of printing rod 54 is engaged by a guide bearing means, generally
indicated at 359, that engages only a very limited portion of the
printing rod. Guide bearing means 359, which may correspond in
construction to the guide bearing means 59 described above, serves
to maintain printing rod 54 and the other printing rods in the
printing head in alignment in the desired pattern at the print
location.
A cap 343 may be mounted upon shell 333 in encompassing relation to
shoulder 337. The cap 343 thus extends across the rear of
electromagnet 324, protecting spring 338 and the other working
parts of electromagnet 324 from damage from external causes. Cap
343 also serves as a backstop to limit return movement of rod 54
when a printing operation has been completed and coil 336 is
de-energized. As in the previously described embodiments,
energization of coil 336 drives rod 54 to the right to create a
print impression by impact. When the coil is de-energized, spring
338 pulls the armature 342 and rod 54 back to the left to the final
position against backstop 343.
Spring 338 offers some space-saving advantages in comparison with a
conventional helical spring such as the springs 39 and 139 of FIGS.
1 and 4. Furthermore, spring 338 is more effective in maintaining
the desired position of the armature and rod against any tendency
toward lateral deflection; spring 338 is quite stiff in a direction
paralle to the plane of the spring and affords a high resistance to
lateral movement, substantially higher than a helical spring, while
remaining quite compliant for axial movement.
FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate a printing head 410 constructed in
accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention.
Printing head 410 comprises a frame including a bottom wall 411 and
two vertically extending side walls 412 and 413. A plurality of
electromagnets are mounted in an arcuate array upon the vertical
walls 412 and 413 of this frame. Thus, there are three
electromagnets 422, 424 and 426 mounted upon the one vertical side
wall 412, these electromagnets serving as driving motors for three
printing rods 52, 54 and 56, respectively. On the other vertical
wall 413, there are four electromagnets, as exemplified by
electromagnet 421. These additional electromagnets are utilized as
drive motors for the remaining printing rods 51, 53, 55 and 57
shown in phantom outline in FIG. 10. As before, the printing rods
converge in a linear pattern at a print location 15 on the surface
of a roller platen 14.
The construction for the individual electromagnets, in print head
410, may be generally similar to those used in the previously
described embodiments. As shown in FIG. 9, electromagnet 422
comprises a central core 431 formed integrally with an outer
magnetic sleeve 433. Core 431 has a central axial aperture 432
through which print rod 52 extends in aligned spaced relationship.
An electromagnetic coil 436 is disposed between the central core
431 and the outer magnetic shell 433. The armature 442 for
electromagnet 422 is mounted upon print rod 52 and is normally
maintained in spaced relation to the end of the magnetic structure
for electromagnet 422.
It is the resilient suspension means for printing rods 51-57 that
presents the principal difference in printing head 410, as comapred
with the previously described embodiments. An elongated leaf spring
439 affixed to frame member 412 supports the outer end of print rod
52 and provides the principal support for armature 442. Thus,
spring 439 affords an independent resilient suspension means that
maintains printing rod 52 and armature 442 in coaxial alignment
with the central aperture 432 of electromagnet 422 while allowing
free axial movement, within a limited range. Spring 439 normally
maintains armature 442 spaced from the magnetic structure of the
electromagnet.
The guide bearing for printing rod 52, on the other hand, comprises
an additional elongated leaf spring 441 that is mounted upon the
vertical frame member 412. Spring 441, like spring 439, affords an
independent resilient suspension for the printing rod. A series of
similar spring mounts for all of the printing rods in printing
heads 410 provide essentially frictionless supports for the
printing rods. With the illustrated dual spring suspension for each
printing rod, there is virtually no wear, no friction, no sticking,
and no drag on any of the printing rods. Even the limited friction
of guide bearing 59, described more fully above, is eliminated in
the constuction shown in FIGS. 9 and 10.
In all of the various embodiments of the invention described above,
virtually the entire length of each of the printing rods, from the
printing location to the armature, is free of frictional contact
with any other part of the printing head. There are no sheaths for
the printing rods to collect dirt and clog. The constructions
employed are not susceptible to the collection of moisture, which
can freeze and prevent effective operation if the printer is used
in low temperature environments. The only moving parts in the
printing head comprise the printing rods and the lightweight
armatures to which they are secured, resulting in a construction
having low operating inertia suitable for high speed operations.
Relatively low signal levels can be utilized because of the low
inertia of the printing rods and armatures, and the essentially
frictionless suspensions for the members. The entire structure is
quite small and compact and hence well suited to use in a small
high speed printer in which the printing head is mounted upon a
movable carriage.
* * * * *