U.S. patent number 3,725,953 [Application Number 05/220,026] was granted by the patent office on 1973-04-10 for full view diver's mask.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy. Invention is credited to Clarence S. Johnson, Arthur F. Langguth.
United States Patent |
3,725,953 |
Johnson , et al. |
April 10, 1973 |
FULL VIEW DIVER'S MASK
Abstract
A face mask having a rigid transparent member defining a frontal
portion two curved side portions allows for wide-angle vision with
little distortion. An outwardly bulging nose portion is provided to
permit a close fitting on the face and to reduce the mask's
entrained mass. A resilient seal formed with an annular
cross-sectional configuration is fitted about the periphery of the
transparent member to ensure a sealed fitting on a number of
differently contoured faces by resiliently compensating for the
dissimilar facial features. Including the disclosed seal minimizes
discomfort when the mask is worn for prolonged periods of time
since the seal does not dig into the fleshy portions of the
face.
Inventors: |
Johnson; Clarence S. (San
Diego, CA), Langguth; Arthur F. (San Diego, CA) |
Assignee: |
The United States of America as
represented by the Secretary of the Navy (N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
22821748 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/220,026 |
Filed: |
January 24, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
2/428; 2/430;
128/206.26 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B63C
11/12 (20130101); A61F 9/026 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61F
9/02 (20060101); B63C 11/02 (20060101); B63C
11/12 (20060101); A61f 009/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;2/14W,14B,68
;128/142.4,146.6,14B |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Franklin; Jordan
Assistant Examiner: Nerbun; Peter
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In a diver's face mask including a rigid frontal portion and
rigid peripheral portions cooperating together to ensure a wide
field of vision and a reduced entrained mass an improvement
therefor is provided comprising:
a resilient layer bonded onto the rigid portions and bonded onto a
coextensive resilient tubular element adapted for sealing the
juncture between the mask and the face and being interposed
therebetween, said resilient tubular element being provided with at
least one pressure compensation hole linking the interior of said
resilient tubular element to the interior of said face mask to
permit continuous pressure compensation for preventing the collapse
of said resilient tubular element in fluctuating ambient pressures
thereby ensuring the face-mask's ability to conform to differently
shaped facial contours and to allow the mask's being comfortably
worn for for prolonged periods of time.
2. A face mask according to claim 1 in which said resilient tubular
element is rubber surgical tubing and said resilient layer is
neoprene rubber wrapped around and bonded onto said rubber surgical
tubing to increase resiliency to allow the comfortable fitting of
said face mask to a wider variety of facial contours.
3. A face mask according to claim 1 in which said resilient layer
has a Y-shaped cross section with the arms joined to the rigid
portions and the base of the stem being bonded onto said tubular
element a portion of which is shaped to contain a diver's nose.
Description
STATEMENT OF GOVERNMENT INTEREST
The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or
for the Government of the United States of America for governmental
purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or
therefor.
CROSS REFERENCE TO A RELATED APPLICATION
There is disclosed and claimed herein an unobvious improvement over
the U.S. Pat. No. 3,671,976 entitled "Full View Diver's Mask" by
Clarence S. Johnson and Larry E. McKinley.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
All who have worn conventional face masks immediately are aware of
their limitations, the most obvious being the inclusion of a
tunnel-like sleeve reaching between the face plate and the face
which blocks peripheral vision. In addition, these masks enclose a
large dead-air space making clearing more difficult and the narrow
semirigid lip on their inner ends painfully cuts into the fleshy
portions of the face. A trend or tendency to avoid these
limitations has been to fabricate wide-angle diver's masks, usually
molded from transparent plastic sheets. One of the most notable
endeavors in this field is disclosed in the U.S. Pat. No. 2,928,097
issued to L. N. Neufeld for his "Underwater Goggles." Neufeld's
goggles allow a wide angle of visibility and reduce the entrained
mass. However, his rigid design and manner of sealing appear to
restrict his manufacturing technique to a single custom-fit mask
per wearer. That is to say, with each person having differently
contoured facial features, it will be difficult to seal the
interior of the mask using Neufeld's semirigid sealing lip.
Obviously, a considerable number of differently dimensioned masks
must be manufactured to fit the variety of facial contours. The
above-identified related patent application discloses a closely
fitting face mask but the seal used does not accommodate the wide
variety of differently shaped facial contours. A continuing need
exists for an adaptively fitting face mask ensuring wide-angle
visibility which lends itself to be comfortably worn for prolonged
periods of time.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In a diver's face mask having a rigid transparent frontal portion
and rigid transparent peripheral portions cooperating to ensure a
wide field of vision and a reduced entrained mass, an improvement
is provided allowing a comfortable fitting on differently contoured
faces. A sealing means is carried on the periphery of the rigid
portions and has a pliable annular cross section easily
compressible by an elastic head strap to comfortably fit a variety
of facial contours for long periods of time while sealing the
mask's interior. Thusly configured, only a few differently
dimensioned face masks are needed to fit a great majority of
divers.
The prime object of the invention is to provide a face mask
comfortably worn for prolonged periods of time.
Another object is to provide a face mask configured to accommodate
differing facial contours among divers.
A further object is to provide a face-mask seal incorporating
pressure compensation to ensure sealing of the mask's interior.
Still another object is to provide a face-mask seal readily
removable from the transparent member allowing its subsequent
reuse.
These and other objects of the invention will become more readily
apparent from the drawings when taken with the ensuing
description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an isometric depiction of the improved face mask.
FIG. 2a is a sectional view taken generally along lines 2--2 in
FIG. 1.
FIG. 2b is a sectional view of a modification of the improved face
mask taken generally along lines 2--2 in FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to FIG. 1 of the drawings, a face mask 10 is snugly
held on a wearer's head by a resilient strap 11 bonded onto
opposite lateral extremes of the mask through a pair of
conventional buckle elements 12 and 13. A rigid transparent plastic
sheet is formed to define a frontal planar portion 14 having a
contoured lip 14a and a pair of curved peripheral portions 15 and
16 in accordance with the method disclosed in the above-identified
related patent application. An opening is provided through which
the nose extends to bring the mask close to the wearer's face for
minimizing the entrained mass while ensuring wide angle
visibility.
The essence of this invention resides in sealing means 20 and its
extension. Inclusion of the sealing means has made possible the
fitting of only a few differently dimensioned face masks as
described above to the vast majority of divers. Since the frontal
and peripheral portions are rigid and are capable of only slight
flexure, sealing means 20 is designed to accommodate differing
facial features by including a suitably shaped layer of pliable
neoprene 21 wrapped about and bonded onto a length of resilient
surgical rubber tubing 22.
A neoprene layer having a thickness of approximately an
eighth-of-an-inch is highly satisfactory and relatively
inexpensive. A continuous extension 21a of the layer is coated on
its inner surface with a suitable bonding agent such as the popular
neoprene cement commercially known as "Black Magic." The outer
surface of contoured lip 14a is similarly coated and the two
surfaces are bonded together. Selecting a length of rubber surgical
tubing 22 having a relatively large hole results in a more
resiliently accommodating seal. When the large diametered tube is
elastically compressed, its relatively wide limits of radial
flexure allow the seal's fitting across the forehead and around the
cheek areas. The tensile force exerted to resilient strap 11 is
sufficient to bring the seal to pliably adapt to the diver's facial
contours to effect a sealing of the mask's interior from the
surrounding water.
The sealing means continuously extends around the periphery of the
rigid transparent members and reaches across the area lying between
the lip and nose. Along this region, it has been found expedient to
extend the outward portion 21a to define a nose pocket 23 of
neoprene rubber suitably dimensioned and tailored to provide a
cavity for the nose. The opening in the face mask, mentioned above,
is covered by the nose pocket which in turn is bonded onto an outer
surface of front portion 14 along an outwardmost portion 23a. Thus
the mask's watertight integrity is ensured and, as an added bonus,
a diver is capable of equalizing the pressure in his middle ear
spaces to that of the surroundings by merely pinching off his nose
through the flexible nose pocket and forcefully blowing.
Due to the resiliently pliably adaptive makeup of layer 21 and tube
22, the mere tightening of resilient strap 11 about the diver's
head pulls them against the contours of the bony and fleshy areas
of the face. The neoprene layer and the rubber tube are elastically
deformed and tend to flatten out over these contours. Increasing
the tensioning of the resilient strap introduces little discomfort
which would otherwise be endured had there been a semirigid lip of
the type provided on conventional face masks. Using the disclosed
sealing means, only a few differently dimensioned face masks need
be provided to comfortably outfit the vast majority of divers.
In recognition of the fact that the mask is subjected to
fluctuating ambient pressures as a diver changes his depth,
pressure compensation holes 22a, only one of which is shown in FIG.
2a, provide fluid communication between the interior of the rubber
tube 22 and the mask's interior. As a diver goes deeper and deeper
in the water and compensates for the relatively lower internal mask
pressure by blowing air through his nostrils, a small portion of
the air is passed to the interior of tube 22 via the holes. Were
the holes omitted, that is, if tube 22 is sealed to define a dead
air space, this air space would collapse under increasing ambient
pressure and the mask would loose its seal. It matters not if water
enters the tube through the compensation ports since resilient
properties of the tube are retained.
A slightly different embodiment is depicted in FIG. 2b showing
frontal portion 14' and right peripheral portion 15' mounting a
modified sealing means 20'. In this case, the modified sealing
means includes a tubing portion 24 having the pressure equalization
ports 24a, only one of which being shown in FIG. 2b, joined to a
Y-shaped portion 25. The tubing portion and the Y-shaped portion
optionally are molded as a single unit or the Y-shaped portion is
bonded onto the tubing portion, either configuration being a mere
matter of choice. The tubular portion continuously runs around the
periphery of the rigid portions of the face mask and beneath the
nose in a portion 24'. At this general area, the Y-shaped portion
is provided with a bulging nose pocket 26 and the Y-portion is
joined to front planar portion 14' at Y-shaped extension 25'.
An advantage of the embodiment set forth in FIG. 2b over that shown
in FIG. 2a resides in the fact that the modified sealing means 20'
is removably mounted on the transparent portions. The sealing means
in this type of face mask is more expensive than the transparent
plastic member. If the plastic is scratched or damaged, the
advantages of having a removable and remountable sealing means are
obvious. The arms of the Y-shaped portions are separated by a slot
for either resiliently gripping the transparent member or for being
held in place by a small amount of neoprene cement. Merely pulling
the Y-shaped portion from a damaged transparent member permits its
subsequent reuse.
Obviously, many modifications and variations of the present
invention are possible in the light of the above teachings, and, it
is therefore understood that within the scope of the disclosed
inventive concept, the invention may be practiced otherwise than
specifically described.
* * * * *