U.S. patent number 3,725,741 [Application Number 05/158,336] was granted by the patent office on 1973-04-03 for differential transformer mounting arrangement particulary for ground fault interrupter apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Westinghouse Electric Corporation. Invention is credited to John J. Misencik.
United States Patent |
3,725,741 |
Misencik |
April 3, 1973 |
DIFFERENTIAL TRANSFORMER MOUNTING ARRANGEMENT PARTICULARY FOR
GROUND FAULT INTERRUPTER APPARATUS
Abstract
A coaxial conductor passing through an apertured core of a
differential transformer is provided with an outer conductor in the
form of a rigid tubular conductive member with one or more
insulated inner conductors therein. Outside the core, the rigid
tubular member is bent at two substantially right angles forming
two parallel legs. At least an end of one leg is attached to a
fixed support so that the coaxial conductor provides a way of
fixing the electrical characteristics of the transformer as well as
substantially mechanically securing the core of the transformer by
a simple and effective means.
Inventors: |
Misencik; John J. (Shelton,
CT) |
Assignee: |
Westinghouse Electric
Corporation (Pittsburgh, PA)
|
Family
ID: |
22567656 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/158,336 |
Filed: |
June 30, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
361/45; 336/175;
336/174; 336/195 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01F
38/30 (20130101); H01H 2083/148 (20130101); H01H
83/144 (20130101); H01F 2027/2833 (20130101); H01F
2038/305 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01F
38/28 (20060101); H01F 38/30 (20060101); H01H
83/00 (20060101); H01H 83/14 (20060101); H02h
001/02 (); H01f 017/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;336/195,173,174,175
;317/18D |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,288,166 |
|
Feb 1962 |
|
FR |
|
833,364 |
|
Apr 1960 |
|
GB |
|
Primary Examiner: Kozma; T. J.
Claims
I claim:
1. Ground fault interrupter apparatus of the differential
transformer type comprising:
an apertured magnet core;
at least two primary conductors extending through said core, said
primary conductors comprising an outer tubular conductor and at
least one inner wire conductor in a substantially coaxial
arrangement, said outer tubular conductor being of relatively rigid
conductive material and having a first portion within said core and
two other portions extending at substantially right angles to said
first portion, said outer tubular conductor having an extremity
secured to a fixed support member, said core being supported
substantially only by said tubular conductor;
a secondary winding comprising a plurality of turns on said
core;
a trip circuit responsive to sensed signals on said secondary
winding, said trip circuit being at least partially disposed within
the space between said two other portions of said outer tubular
conductor.
2. The subject matter of claim 1 wherein: said inner conductor in
the form of a single insulated wire disposed in said outer tubular
conductor.
3. The subject matter of claim 1 wherein: said primary conductors
number at least three and include an outer tubular conductor and at
least two inner wire conductors with said inner conductors twisted
together over at least the portion of their length within said
core.
4. The subject matter of claim 1 wherein: said core is
substantially held in place by the portions of said tubular
conductor extending at substantially right angles to the portion
within said core.
5. The subject matter of claim 1 wherein: said core is
substantially held in place by the first portion of said tubular
conductor snugly fitting within the aperture of said core.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to differential transformers particularly
for ground fault interrupter apparatus.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Generally available ground fault interrupters show characteristics
that vary in accordance with the load current on the primary
conductors. That is, a device calibrated at zero load current would
indicate at full load current a fault leadage current that might
cause undesired tripping of the apparatus.
It has been previously recognized that there are certain advantages
in providing the primary conductors of a differential transformer
in ground fault interrupter apparatus in a coaxial arrangement.
Such an arrangement is disclosed, for example, in copending
application, Ser. No. 158,338, filed June 30, 1971 by J. R. Reeves
et al. and assigned to the present assignee, for the purposes of
minimizing stray currents.
Among the practical problems encountered in applying a coaxial
conductor in ground fault interrupters is that the size of the load
current associated with the conductors with which the apparatus is
intended for use is relatively large. It would be technically
feasible to use a heavy braided conductor as the outer conductor
and pass an insulated wire through the braided wire to create the
coaxial cable. However, the braided conductor must have its
individual wires properly terminated to prevent electrical shorts
and malfunctions. Also, the flexibility of the braided conductor
offers a problem in mounting the cable and the magnetic core thus
requiring additional mounting means and hence requiring more space
and increasing the cost.
There is therefore definite interest in providing ground fault
interrupter apparatus in as simple and compact form as possible
while providing the required electrical characteristics,
particularly in terms of avoiding changes in calibration or stray
current effects.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It has been found possible to provide a coaxial conductor
arrangement in a form that satisfies the electrical requirement of
ground fault interrupter apparatus and also economically and
effectively provides a compact mounting arrangement for the
transformer core.
In accordance with this invention the outer conductor in the
coaxial arrangement is a rigid tubular member of a conductor, such
as copper, with means at its ends for input and output connections.
One or more insulated wires is simply threaded through the tubing
to create an inexpensive and readily formed coaxial member that
eliminates the susceptability of the device to having the
calibration level vary according to the amount of load current on
the conductors. This way the calibration level is preserved from
zero load current through the full range to full load current.
Where at least two inner conductors are required, it is preferred
that they be provided in a twisted combination so that effectively
they are coaxial although individually they are simple insulated
wires.
The rigid outer conductor serves as a mounting means for the
transformer core. This may be achieved by having two legs of the
tubular conductor, each at substantially right angles to that
portion of the outer conductor that extends through the core, so
that the core is effectively pinned therebetween. Alternatively,
the core with a sensing coil wound on it may be fit snugly on the
rigid outer conductor. The outer conductor ends, in either case,
may be secured to a fixed support member thus accomplishing the
securing of the core as well. The space between the legs of the
bent tubular conductor that is not occupied by the core may be
utilized for associated apparatus such as a trip circuit fabricated
from solid state components.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is an elevation view of one embodiment of the present
invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial elevation view of a modified element of the
apparatus of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view showing an embodiment of the
invention .
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to the drawing, there is illustrated in FIG. 1 a
differential transformer 10 including a toroidal core 12 of
magnetic material which has as single turn primary windings the
conductors 13 and 14 of a coaxial cable 15 extending through the
center aperture of the core 12. A secondary winding 16 on the core
12 comprises a plurality of turns to sense differences in flux
produced by the current in the primary conductors. The signal on
the sensing coil 16 is supplied to a trip circuit 17 which responds
to a certain level of sensed leakage current to actuate the trip
coil 18 of apparatus, not shown, such as a circuit breaker, for
opening the circuit of the primary conductors. Reference may be
made to copending application, Ser. No. 158,338, filed June 30,
1971, by J. R. Reeves et al. and assigned to the assignee of the
present invention and also to an article appearing in IEEE
Spectrum, Jan. 1970, pages 55-62, for description of the general
nature of ground fault interrupter apparatus and various types of
trip circuits that may be provided therein.
The coaxial cable 15 comprises an outer conductor 13 that is a
rigid tubular member within which is disposed at least one inner
conductor 14 of insulated wire. It can be seen that no special
assembly techniques are required to form the coaxial cable but
merely that the inner insulated wire 14 is threaded through the
tubular conductor 13. The tubular conductor 13 is bent at
substantially right angles on each side of the transformer core 12.
This means the core 12 is held in a relatively fixed position
substantially only by the rigid tubular conductor 13. The conductor
13 may be snugly fit within the toroid (FIG. 3) or, as shown in
FIG. 1, the core may be substantially held by the bent legs of the
conductor 13.
As shown, the coaxial conductor 15 is U-shaped with the bottom of
the U being that portion 25 passing through the core 12 and the
legs 26 and 27 extending substantially in parallel therefrom at
substantially a right angle from portion 25.
The exact location of the coaxial cable 15 within the core is not
critical. In general it is desirable to minimize the weight and
volume of the core and the coaxial cable. Suitable insulation
between the elements of the differential transformer must, of
course, be provided.
It is preferred that the tubular outer conductor be provided with a
flange-like element 19 at at least one of its ends for making the
necessary connections to a supporting surface 20. As shown in the
drawing, the surface or wall 20 has output terminals 21 and 22
thereon for ultimate connection with one or more loads. The flanged
end 19 is welded or otherwise secured to one of the terminals 22
for electrical connection and also to provide substantial
mechanical support for the conductor 15 and, in turn, the core
12.
FIG. 2 shows only a small part of coaxial conductor 15, without
associated elements, as modified for systems requiring two or more
inner conductors 14 and 34. The inner conductors 14 and 34 are
twisted together (at least in the portion passing through the core
12) so that they effectively comprise a coaxial pair without the
expense of forming concentric conductors. Thus the apparatus of
FIG. 1 may be modified for use in systems of pluralities of
conductors greater than two.
* * * * *