U.S. patent number 3,724,537 [Application Number 05/184,483] was granted by the patent office on 1973-04-03 for heat exchanger with backed thin tubes.
Invention is credited to Herbert G. Johnson.
United States Patent |
3,724,537 |
Johnson |
April 3, 1973 |
HEAT EXCHANGER WITH BACKED THIN TUBES
Abstract
This application discloses a heat exchanger having thin lining
tubes, as of plastic or metal, deformed against structural tubular
backing and thermal exchange elements to provide extensive
effective thermal transfer contact and support with contoured
securement between tubes and backing elements which obviates
relative displacement and relieves differential thermal change in
length and stresses. Also the method of making the assembly.
Inventors: |
Johnson; Herbert G. (Havertown,
PA) |
Family
ID: |
22677068 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/184,483 |
Filed: |
September 28, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
165/133;
29/890.046; 165/151; 165/173; 165/178; 165/182; 264/249;
264/516 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F28F
1/30 (20130101); B21D 53/085 (20130101); F28F
19/04 (20130101); F28F 1/32 (20130101); F28F
9/187 (20130101); F28F 21/062 (20130101); Y10T
29/49378 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
F28F
19/04 (20060101); F28F 21/06 (20060101); F28F
9/04 (20060101); F28F 9/18 (20060101); F28F
1/24 (20060101); F28F 1/30 (20060101); F28F
21/00 (20060101); B21D 53/02 (20060101); B21D
53/08 (20060101); F28F 19/00 (20060101); F28F
1/32 (20060101); F28f 001/30 (); B21c 037/22 ();
B21d 053/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;165/133,151,182,173,178
;29/157.3V,523 ;264/94,249 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Herrmann; Allan D.
Claims
I claim:
1. A heat exchanger, comprising in combination an outer tubular
backing structure extending completely in supporting continuity
between tube end connections at pressure fluid chambers and having
contour concavities along its length and an inner lining tube which
is too thin and weak to alone withstand applied internal pressure
and having in-situ pressure-formed projections along its length
fitting tightly in full heat exchange and backed relationship with
the full interior surface of the outer tubular backing structure,
the inner lining tube being fully backed throughout its length by
the continuous outer tubular backing structure for the complete
distance between the tube end connections and pressure chambers to
avoid the application of pressure fluid to any portion of the inner
lining tube where it is not fully supported by the outer tubular
backing structure.
2. A heat exchanger as set forth in claim 1, wherein the
concavities in the outer tubular structure comprise annular grooves
pre-formed on collars of finned thermal transfer elements stacked
on the tube and wherein the inner lining tube is expanded in-situ
to fully fill the annular grooves.
3. A heat exchanger as set forth in claim 2, wherein the pre-formed
annular grooves are formed by an inclined end flange on one collar
abutting an inclined intermediate web of an adjacent collar.
4. A heat exchanger as set forth in claim 2, wherein the pre-formed
annular grooves are formed by an inclined web and inclined terminal
flange on one collar, the terminal flange lying upon an inclined
intermediate web of an adjacent collar.
5. A heat exchanger as set forth in claim 1, wherein the inner
lining tube is formed of a plastic with its projections formed
in-situ in form-fitting shape in the concavities and all other
portions of the outer tubular backing structure.
6. A heat exchanger as set forth in claim 5, in which the plastic
is polyethylene.
7. A heat exchanger as set forth in claim 2, wherein a plurality of
tubes and outer tubular backing structures therefor are provided
and in which the inner tubes are of plastic material and extend
through a tube sheet of an end connection and are fused to nipples
of a plastic tube sheet liner in pressure-balanced relationship in
a pressure fluid chamber on the liner side of the tube sheet.
8. The method of making a heat exchange assembly which includes
very thin inner lining tubes within an outer tubular backing
structure with internal contour concavities disposed between tube
end connections at pressure fluid chambers, which comprises:
assembling inner lining tubes of uniform diameter within the outer
tubular backing structure with the entire length of the inner
lining tubes between tube end connections completely backed by the
outer tubular structure, and expanding the thin inner lining tubes
into the outer tubular backing structure throughout its length to
fit into intimate backing and heat exchange relationship therewith
and to form contour projections in-situ which fully fill the
concavities of the outer tubular backing structure.
9. The method as set forth in claim 8, wherein the outer tubular
backing structure comprises interfitting collars on finned heat
exchange elements which are stacked on the inner lining tubes to
form annular grooves at their ends, and in which the inner lining
tubes are of plastic material expanded in-situ to fill the outer
tubular backing structure and are fused at their ends to a plastic
component at end connections in pressure-balanced relationship in
the pressure fluid chambers.
Description
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
In my U.S. Pat. No. 3,426,841 of Feb. 11, 1969 and No. 3,489,209 of
Jan. 13, 1970 there are disclosed heat exchanger constructions in
which inner corrosion resistant tubes, as of plastic, bathed by one
fluid, are arranged in thermal transfer relationship with external
structural thermal exchange elements which are bathed by another
fluid.
In the patent constructions the liner tubes are pressure-balanced
at their tube plate connections and backed by outer structural
elements so that the liner tubes may be relatively thin, thus
permitting the use of plastics for the liner tubes even though the
coefficient of thermal transfer is relatively small. Nevertheless,
in this patented construction the inner tubes are not completely
backed and over small areas must withstand considerable pressure
and must be made thick enough to withstand such local high
pressures without damage.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
The present invention provides an improved construction in which
much thinner tubes can be used by being contour-distorted into
intimate contact with all surfaces of the backing supporting
thermal exchange elements thus increasing thermal transfer
effectiveness and preventing relative displacement even when the
tubes are disposed in a vertical position and are subjected to long
periods of differential thermal stresses.
The invention also embraces a method of assembly in which backing
thermal transfer structural elements having tubular collars or
sleeves and lateral fins are slipped successively over a bank of
tubes, the tubes secured to a tube sheet, and the tubes then
expanded by high fluid pressure into intimate contour contact with
the collars or sleeves of the structural backing elements and other
surrounding backing elements. In the preferred construction the
collars or sleeves of the structural elements are purposely made
with concave enlargements to provide for expansion of the tubes
into them to more fully obviate relative axial displacement and
achieve the most efficient thermal transfer relationship. In the
forms herein illustrated these concave contour deformations are
formed at the ends of the collars or sleeves, preferably as annular
grooves or negative corrugations into which positive corrugations
or ribs of the tubes are disposed in final assembly. In one form
the grooves are formed by bent flanges on the ends of one backing
element resting at the end against bent webs of adjacent backing
elements; and in another form the corrugations or grooves are
formed entirely on the end portion of one backing element with one
side of the corrugation resting on a bent web of an adjacent
backing element, thus providing greater radial strength at the
joints.
DRAWINGS
The objects, advantages, and features of novelty of the invention
will be apparent from the following description of selected
exemplary embodiments thereof, reference being made to the
accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section of a heat exchanger or thermal
transfer construction embodying the present invention but before
expansion of the lining tubes, the section being taken on the line
1--1 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section taken on the line 2--2 of FIG.
1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged section taken on the zone 3--3 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a view like FIG. 3 but showing the final assembly after
the liner tubes have been expanded into the contour concavities of
the backing elements;
FIG. 5 is a view like FIG. 3 but showing a modified embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a view like FIG. 5 but showing the final assembly after
the liner tubes have been expanded into the contour concavities of
the backing elements.
SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION
The invention is illustrated in connection with the use of very
thin plastic liner tubes supported by metal finned backing thermal
transfer elements. At present the preferred plastic is polyethylene
(pipe grade, class III, high density, non-oriented, about 3/4 inch
O.D., 0.020 inch thick); but other plastics of various kinds or
certain metals like aluminum and other fairly soft metals may be
used, the selection depending to some extent on the service and
kind of fluids handled. Polypropylene, fluorocarbons, and the like
are known types which may be noted.
The thermal exchange unit illustrated may be an automobile radiator
10 in which a cooling fluid or liquid such as water is circulated
through lining tubes 11 and in which a disposal fluid or gas such
as air is circulated over finned thermal transfer tube-backing
elements 12 which have collars or sleeves 13 surrounding the tubes.
The direction of air flow is indicated by arrows in FIG. 2.
The particular heat exchange unit illustrated has an open-sided
body casing 14, chamber-forming pipe-connected caps or headers 15,
and tube sheets 16 secured together in sealed relationship by
grooved rim clamp members 17 and tie bolts or screws 18. Corrosion
resistant metals are used if the fluids concerned require it.
Two tube sheets are shown herein, although as shown in U.S. Pat.
No. 3,489,209 (FIG. 10) the principles are applicable to heat
exchange units having a single tube sheet, suitable means being
provided to protect the outer ends of the bent U-shaped tubes. The
tube sheets are composite, comprising a strength member 19 of metal
and a plastic liner 20 which has nipples 21 fused or otherwise
secured and sealed to the ends of the tubes.
As shown in FIG. 3, the collars or sleeves 13 of the
thermal-transfer tube-backing elements have straight tubular web
portions 13a, intermediate inclined web portions 13b, and terminal
inclined web portions 13c. The ends of the web portions 13c of one
element abut against the sides of the web portions 13b of the
collar of an adjacent element, leaving annular contour concavities,
negative corrugations, or grooves 22 between the inclined web
portions of the collars.
If it is not desired to place the finned heat transfer elements
directly against the tube sheets it is convenient to provide spacer
rings 23 between them so that the lining tubes are completely
backed by structural elements throughout their entire length except
at their ends which are disposed in a fluid pressure balanced
location.
As initially installed, the tubes 11 are of uniform diameter and of
a size small enough to permit the collars or sleeves of the thermal
transfer backing elements to be readily slipped over them. Finally,
as shown in FIG. 4, after full assembly, with the tubes sealed at
the tube sheets, the tubes are expanded by applied fluid at
sufficient pressure and temperature to form protrusions, positive
corrugations, or ribs 11a and fully fill the contour spaces within
the encasing structural elements.
In service the liner tubes are not required to take any load at any
point and may be made extremely thin so as to provide efficient
thermal exchange even though their particular thermal transfer
resistance may be relatively high. The contour engagement also
fully obviates relative movement between tubes and backing
elements. Such tendency for relative movement might be caused by
gravity if the tubes are disposed in a non-horizontal position or
by the differences in thermal expansion coefficients of plastic
tubes and metal backing elements with repeated heating and cooling
in use, especially over long periods of time.
The embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is generally like the first
embodiment and the same reference characters are applied to common
parts, but the collars or sleeves 13' of the thermal transfer
elements 12' have a terminal flange 13d in addition to the web
portions 13a', 13b', 13c' and this end flange 13d rests on the web
13b' of the adjacent collar or sleeve. This provides a somewhat
stronger resistance to radial loads and somewhat better joint seal
when the parts are forced together in assembly than the first
embodiment. A somewhat smoother backing surface is assured for the
lining tube in case there may be manufacturing flaws.
In making the assembly the tubes are first sealed to a lower tube
sheet, or otherwise secured in accurate position in case a single
tube sheet is used, then the finned thermal transfer elements have
their collars or sleeves slipped down over the tubes, then the
upper tube sheet is pressed into position and the tube ends sealed,
the intermediate rings being applied when used. The assembly, with
headers 15 and body spacer 14 are secured together in sealed
relationship by the clamp members 17 and bolts 18. Finally, the
tubes are expanded by fluid at sufficient pressure and temperature
into the concavities of the structural backing elements. If the
plastic material is of a suitable type it is strengthened and
fiber-oriented by the expansion procedure.
Insofar as the construction, materials, assembly, and principles of
my prior patents are used herein the same considerations and
advantages apply. The present improvement makes it feasible to use
much thinner lining tubes, to obtain more efficient thermal
transfer, to more fully insure against tube rupture in service, and
to obviate the possibility of creep or displacement of the tubes
relative to the structural backing elements in service.
While certain embodiments of the invention have been disclosed for
purposes of illustration, it is to be understood that there may be
various embodiments and modifications within the general scope of
the invention.
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