U.S. patent number 3,724,502 [Application Number 05/093,193] was granted by the patent office on 1973-04-03 for gas pressure reducing restrictors.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Sanders Associates, Inc.. Invention is credited to Richard J. Brockway, Paul F. Hayner.
United States Patent |
3,724,502 |
Hayner , et al. |
April 3, 1973 |
GAS PRESSURE REDUCING RESTRICTORS
Abstract
A restrictor for reducing the pressure of a fluid comprises
essentially many layers of wire mesh in the path of fluid flow and
some arrangement for defining a flow path which increases in cross
sectional area either continuously or in steps in the direction of
flow. Such a path may be defined, for example, by a tapered housing
enclosing the layers of mesh, an interiorly stepped housing or a
number of constrictions of various sizes positioned within a
uniform housing.
Inventors: |
Hayner; Paul F. (Lexington,
MA), Brockway; Richard J. (Amherst, NH) |
Assignee: |
Sanders Associates, Inc.
(Nashua, NH)
|
Family
ID: |
22237668 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/093,193 |
Filed: |
November 27, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
138/41;
138/44 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F16L
55/02745 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F16L
55/027 (20060101); F16L 55/02 (20060101); F15d
001/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;138/40,41,44,42 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Ross; Herbert F.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A restrictor for reducing the pressure of a fluid,
comprising
a housing formed to define a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet,
a plurality of layers of wire mesh positioned within said housing
between said inlet and said outlet transversely to the direction of
fluid flow therethrough, and
means including said housing for defining a fluid flow path from
said inlet to said outlet, the cross-sectional area of which path
increases in the direction of fluid flow in the region between that
layer farthest upstream and that layer farthest downstream
characterized in that
said housing is formed with a series of central bores the diameters
of which are successively larger in the direction from inlet to
outlet and in which said layers of wire mesh comprise a like series
of groups of layers of suitable diameters to fit into each of said
bores.
2. A restrictor for reducing the pressure of a fluid,
comprising
a housing formed to define a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet,
a plurality of layers of wire mesh positioned within said housing
between said inlet and said outlet transversely to the direction of
fluid flow therethrough, and
means including said housing for defining a fluid flow path from
said inlet to said outlet, the cross-sectional area of which path
increases in the direction of fluid flow in the region between that
layer farthest upstream and that layer farthest downstream
characterized in that
said housing has the shape of a hollow frustum of a cone and is
formed with a plurality of co-axial interior annular slots and in
which said layers of wire mesh comprise a like plurality of groups
of layers positioned in said slots.
3. A restrictor for reducing the pressure of a fluid,
comprising
a housing formed to define a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet
a plurality of layers of wire mesh positioned within said housing
between said inlet and said outlet transversely to the direction of
fluid flow therethrough, and
means including said housing for defining a fluid flow path from
said inlet to said outlet, the cross-sectional area of which path
increases in the direction of fluid flow in the region between that
layer farthest upstream and that layer farthest downstream
characterized in that
said housing has the shape of a hollow frustum of a cone and which
includes a plurality of washers of successively larger inside and
outside diameters positioned within and in engagement with the
interior surface of said housing and in which said layers of wire
mesh are of circular shape and of various suitable diameters to fit
within said housing between said washers.
4. A restrictor for reducing the pressure of a fluid,
comprising
a housing formed to define a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet,
a plurality of layers of wire mesh positioned within said housing
between said inlet and said outlet transversely to the direction of
fluid flow therethrough, and
means including said housing for defining a fluid flow path from
said inlet to said outlet, the cross-sectional area of which path
increases in the direction of fluid flow in the region between that
layer farthest upstream and that layer farthest downstream
characterized in that
said housing is in the form of a hollow cylinder and which includes
a plurality of discs positioned within the said housing in
co-axial, spaced apart relationship, each of said discs being
formed with a central, circular aperture, each aperture being of a
different diameter, and with discs having successively larger
apertures being positioned along said flow path in the direction
from inlet to outlet, and in which said layers of wire mesh all
have substantially the same diameter and are positioned between
said discs.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to fluid flow restrictors for
reducing the pressure of a fluid and particularly to such
restrictors which operate quietly.
BACKGROUND
In the art of hydraulics it is frequently necessary to reduce the
pressure of a fluid. Such pressure reduction is frequently
accomplished by passing the fluid through a single sharp edged
orifice. Such a restrictor generates very high fluid velocities.
Such high velocities cause rapid wearing of the edge of the orifice
and, what is more objectionable in some cases, cause intolerably
high noise levels.
Another kind of restrictor known in the past comprises a number of
long, narrow passageways such as many small diameter tubes bound
together or many small holes drilled in a solid block. Among other
disadvantages, such restrictors are expensive to manufacture.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is a general object of the present invention to provide an
improved fluid flow restrictor.
Another object is to provide a restrictor which is quiet in
operation.
Another object is to provide a restrictor which can be manufactured
easily and inexpensively.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Briefly stated, a restrictor in accordance with the invention
comprises a plurality of layers of crossed or woven wire mesh
positioned in the path of fluid flow, together with an arrangement,
such as a tapered or stepped housing, for constraining the fluid to
flow through the layers along a path, the cross-sectional area of
which increases, either continuously or in steps.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
For a clearer understanding of the invention, reference may be made
to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawing,
in which:
FIG. 1 is a cross section view of a preferred embodiment of the
invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross section view of another embodiment of the
invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross section view of another embodiment of the
invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross section view of another embodiment of the
invention; and
FIG. 5 is a cross section view of yet another embodiment of the
invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring first to FIG. 1, a tapered housing 11 defines a fluid
flow path, the cross sectional area of which increases in the
direction of flow, that is, from the inlet 12 at the bottom to the
outlet 13 at the top. The cross section of the housing 11 at right
angles to that shown in FIG. 1 is preferably, although not
necessarily, circular so that the housing 11 is in the shape of a
hollow frustum of a cone. The interior is filled with a plurality
of layers of wire mesh 14, each positioned transversely to the
direction of fluid flow, each circular in shape, and each of a
slightly different size so as to fit within the housing 11.
Although the mesh may be of crossed wires or small rods, it is
preferred at present to use a mesh of woven wire as shown.
Each passageway in the wire mesh constitutes a small restrictor and
these restrictors are, collectively, arranged in various series and
parallel combinations because of the random orientation of the mesh
and the stacking of one layer upon another. As the fluid flows from
the inlet 12 to the outlet 13, its pressure is reduced as it flows
through each passageway. However, the pressure drop through any one
passageway is not sufficient to generate high velocity and noise.
Any turbulence is quickly dissipated in heating the fluid. If the
restrictor is used for a gaseous fluid such as steam or air, the
increased cross-sectional area in the direction of flow is a very
important feature because it provides an increasing volume for the
gas which expands as its pressure is reduced. Such an increasing
cross-sectional area is also very useful in the case of liquids
because it provides for a low exit velocity which is conducive to
low noise.
A restrictor such as shown in FIG. 1 may be made quite easily. For
example, one may cut many pieces of wire mesh into circles of the
same diameter and stack them one upon another. They may then be
brazed to hold them together and the resulting stack may be
machined into a frustro-conical shape. The stack may then be
inserted into a housing such as the housing 11 of FIG. 1.
Referring now to FIG. 2, there is shown another embodiment of the
invention in which a generally cylindrical housing 21 is formed
with a plurality of axial bores 22, 23, 24, and 25. The lowermost
bore 22 constitutes the inlet and the remaining bores are of
increasing diameter up to the outlet 26. The bores 23, 24 and 25
are each filled with a plurality of layers of wire mesh such as the
layer 27 shown in connection with bore 23. Each layer is the
appropriate diameter to substantially fit its associated bore. The
lowermost bore 22, constituting the inlet, is long enough axially
to constitute support for the wire mesh within the bore 23.
Although but three different diameter stacks of wire mesh have been
shown, it is obvious that the housing 21 may be made with many more
bores. Operation is substantially the same as the embodiment of
FIG. 1, except that the increasing cross-sectional area from inlet
22 to outlet 26 is in steps rather than continuous.
Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 3 wherein a
housing 31 is in the form of a hollow frustum of a cone. The
housing is preferably formed in two parts divided along the conical
axis. The two portions are formed with a plurality of concentric
grooves 32-36 inclusive, each of which supports one or more layers
of wire mesh such as the layer 37 shown in the groove 36. After the
wire mesh is inserted the two sections of the housing are, of
course, fastened together. Operation of this embodiment is also
similar to that of FIG. 1 except that there is a space between the
various layers of wire mesh.
Yet another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 4 wherein
the housing 41 is again in the form of a hollow frustum of a cone.
A plurality of washers such as those shown at 42 and 43 are
arranged within the housing 41 and are of such size as to engage
the inner surfaces at various positions along the axis as shown.
One or more layers of wire mesh, such as layer 44, is positioned
above the washer 43 and also positioned between each adjacent pair
of washers. Preferably the washers are close enough together so
that the layers in between may all be of the same diameter.
Operation of this embodiment is substantially the same as that of
the previously described embodiments.
Yet another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 5 wherein
a generally hollow cylindrical housing 51 has a disc 52 of
substantially the same diameter fastened to the bottom thereof and
formed with a central bore 53 to define the inlet of the device.
Above the disc 52 are a plurality of layers 54 of wire mesh. Above
these layers is another disc 55 formed with a central opening
larger than the opening 53. This disc may simply rest on the layers
54 or alternatively may be fastened to the interior of the housing
51. Above this disc 55 are another plurality of layers 56 of wire
mesh and above them is another disc 57 with a still larger diameter
opening. Above this disc is yet another layer 58 of wire mesh.
Although but three separate layers of wire mesh have been shown, it
is obvious that the number may be increased as desired. Operation
is substantially the same as that of the previously described
embodiments. It is to be noted that in each case there is defined
an inlet and an outlet and a fluid path, the cross-sectional area
of which increases, either continuously or in steps, in the
direction of fluid flow. In each case a plurality of layers of wire
mesh are inserted transverse to the direction of flow so that
pressure may be reduced gradually without creating noise as
explained more fully in connection with FIG. 1. Each embodiment may
be used with either gaseous or liquid fluids. In each embodiment it
has been assumed that the cross section at right angles to that
shown is circular and while a circular cross section is preferred
at present, it is not essential. Other shaped cross sections, such
as square, hexagonal, etc., may be used.
Although a number of preferred embodiments have been described in
considerable detail for illustrative purposes, many modifications
will occur to those skilled in the art. It is therefore desired
that the protection afforded by Letters Patent be limited only by
the true scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *