U.S. patent number 3,724,144 [Application Number 05/098,003] was granted by the patent office on 1973-04-03 for reinforcing structure for bodies with curved load-supporting surfaces.
Invention is credited to Wilhelm Schuster.
United States Patent |
3,724,144 |
Schuster |
April 3, 1973 |
REINFORCING STRUCTURE FOR BODIES WITH CURVED LOAD-SUPPORTING
SURFACES
Abstract
A tensionable internal reinforcing structure for a mattress,
seat cushion or the like, comprising one or more elongate tension
members each traversing a column of mutually abutting pressure
elements to form a collapsible armature, includes several wedge
pieces which are inserted between adjoining pressure elements to
impart a desired curvature to the armature. The wedge pieces may be
in the form of longitudinally slitted sleeves which are clipped
either directly onto a tension member or onto a pressure element,
being provided in the latter case with triangularly profiled end
flanges to separate the engaged pressure element from its neighbors
on one side of the centerline of the column. Aligned wedge pieces
of adjoining armatures may be interconnected by a transverse
strap.
Inventors: |
Schuster; Wilhelm (4020 Linz,
OE) |
Family
ID: |
42937494 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/098,003 |
Filed: |
December 14, 1970 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Dec 12, 1969 [OE] |
|
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A 11611/69 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
52/108; 5/633;
297/284.4; 5/728 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A47C
7/462 (20130101); A47C 7/425 (20130101); A47C
20/027 (20130101); A47C 23/28 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A47C
7/40 (20060101); A47C 7/42 (20060101); A47C
7/46 (20060101); A47C 20/00 (20060101); A47C
20/02 (20060101); A47b 083/04 (); E04h
012/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;5/74,261,327,345,351
;297/284 ;248/188.2,98 ;52/108,113,227 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Nunberg; Casmir A.
Claims
I claim:
1. A reinforcing structure for a load-supporting body,
comprising:
at least one elongate tension member anchored to said body;
a column of mutually abutting pressure elements of generally
tubular shape traversed by said member, at least one of said
elements being wedge-shaped for imparting curvature to said column,
the adjoining elements having parallel end faces;
stressing means engaging said member and said column for
selectively slackening and rigidifying the latter; and
retaining means individually engaging said wedge-shaped element for
holding same against rotation relative to said body in both the
slackened and the rigidified state of said column.
2. A reinforcing structure as defined in claim 1 wherein said
wedge-shaped element is a resilient sleeve with a longitudinal
throughgoing slot for clearing at least said tension member.
3. A reinforcing structure as defined in claim 2 wherein said
sleeve has beveled end faces and elastically compressible layers on
said end faces.
4. A reinforcing structure as defined in claim 3 wherein said
sleeve is provided with a pair of tongs hingedly connected
therewith at said end faces and bearing upon said layers with
adjustable pressure.
5. A reinforcing structure as defined in claim 2 wherein said
sleeve has a generally sickle-shaped cross-section.
6. A reinforcing structure as defined in claim 1 wherein said
tension member is received with annular clearance in said pressure
elements, further comprising a coil spring in said clearance
tending to spread said wedge-shaped element outwardly against said
retaining means.
7. A reinforcing structure as defined in claim 1 wherein at least
some of said pressure elements are longitudinally slitted for
lateral removal from said tension member in the slackened state of
said column.
8. A reinforcing structure for a load-supporting body,
comprising:
at least one elongate tension member anchored to said body;
a column of mutually abutting pressure elements of generally
tubular shape closely juxtaposed with said member, at least one of
said elements being a sleeve of generally trapezoidal axial
cross-section with two nonparallel end faces imparting curvature to
said column, said sleeve being provided with an extension hingedly
connected therewith at said one of said end faces for bearing upon
said layer with adjustable pressure;
An elastically compressible layer of tapering thickness on at least
one of said end faces;
stressing means engaging said member and said column for
selectively slackening and rigidifying the latter; and
holding means independent of said stressing means engaging said
extension for maintaining said pressure at a selected value
corresponding to a desired curvature of said column.
9. A reinforcing structure for a load-supporting body,
comprising:
a plurality of armatures each including an elongate tension member
and a column of mutually abutting pressure elements of generally
tubular shape traversed by said member;
stressing means engaging said member and said column for
selectively slackening and rigidifying each armature;
at least one wedge piece of generally tubular shape detachably
inserted between two of said elements and traversed by said member
for imparting curvature to said armature in the rigidified state
thereof;
and retaining means engaging said wedge piece for holding same
against rotation relative to said body in both the slackened and
the rigidified state of said column, said retaining means
interconnecting corresponding wedge pieces of said plurality of
armatures.
10. A reinforcing structure as defined in claim 9 wherein said
retaining means includes a strap transverse to said armatures.
11. A reinforcing structure for a load-supporting body,
comprising:
at least one armature including an elongate tension member and a
column of mutually abutting pressure elements of generally tubular
shape traversed by said member;
stressing means engaging said member and said column for
selectively slackening and rigidifying said armature; and
a resilient sleeve with a longitudinal throughgoing slot clipped
onto one of said elements and formed with at least one segmental
end flange unilaterally projecting between said one of said
elements and an adjoining pressure element for partly separating
same from each other while being clamped in position therebetween.
Description
My present invention relates to a reinforcing structure for seats,
mattresses and other load-supporting structures whose effective
resiliency is to be adjusted from time to time to compensate for
fatiguing of materials or to accommodate different loads or load
distributions, as described in my prior U.S. Pat. No.3,490,084.
Such a reinforcing structure, as disclosed in that patent, includes
one or more collapsible armatures each comprising a cable or
similar elongate tension member which traverses a multiplicity of
juxtaposed and mutually abutting pressure elements of generally
tubular shape forming a column therearound. When the tension member
is stressed against the column, the latter is rigidified so as to
resist flexing; with the ends of these pressure elements slightly
beveled, the column can be given a camber conforming, for example,
to the convexity of an overlying seating surface. A number of such
collapsible armatures, parallel or intersecting, can be assembled
into a variety of arrays.
It is sometimes desirable, e.g., for the purpose of strengthening
an aging structure, to camber an originally straight armature so as
to increase its bending resistance under load. Such subsequent
cambering, or the imparting of any other curvature to an already
assembled column, has heretofore been possible only by
disassembling the structure and replacing some or all of the
straight-faced pressure elements with beveled elements of generally
trapezoidal axial cross-section. This work of disassembly and
subsequent reassembly is, of course, cumbersome and frequently not
worth the effort.
The general object of my present invention, therefore, is to
provide an improved reinforcing structure of the type disclosed in
my above-identified patent in which the curvature of any armature
may be modified merely upon a slackening thereof, thus without
disassembly, to bend or to straighten its column to any desired
extent within wide limits.
Another object of my invention is to provide means in such a
structure for positively maintaining the orientation of a curved
armature with reference to the load-supporting body to which it is
anchored.
According to an important feature of my invention, I provide one or
more wedge pieces adapted to be detachably inserted between any two
pressure elements of a column in the slackened state of the
armature for imparting curvature thereto in its rigidified state.
Such a wedge piece may be a longitudinally slitted sleeve which
should be sufficiently resilient to be clipped either onto the
central tension member (possibly with interposition of a coil
spring or a helically wound wire surrounding that member) or onto
one of the pressure elements originally in the column. In the first
instance, the sleeve may be simply inserted between two pressure
elements, e.g., after removal of a third pressure element which
originally separated these two elements and which may also be
slitted longitudinally to facilitate such removal. In the second
instance, the sleeve may be formed with at least one segmental end
flange unilaterally projecting between the engaged pressure element
and an adjoining element for partly separating same from each
other, the imparted curvature thus depending upon the wedging
effect of this flange.
An adjustable wedging effect may be realized by the use of a wedge
piece of generally trapezoidal axial cross-section, permanently
installed or laterally insertable as described above, with a
tapering layer of elastically compressible material adhering to
either or both of its end faces, this layer being subjected to
adjustable pressure by an extension of the sleeve hingedly
connected therewith at the corresponding end face.
The wedge piece, whether laterally removable or not, should be
secured against rotation relative to the remainder of the column in
order to preserve the desired direction of curvature. For this
purpose, according to a further feature of my invention, I provide
each of these wedge pieces with individual retaining means for
holding them against rotation relative to the associated
load-supporting body. Such retaining means may comprise,
particularly in the case of a slitted sleeve, a clamp embracing
that sleeve and overlying its axis slot, the sleeve being
preferably urged into firm contact with the surrounding clamp by
the aforementioned coil spring wound about the inner tension
member. Such a clamp may be simply a ring with external ribs or the
like taking hold on the surrounding body material; it could also be
joined to a strap tied in similar manner to a like wedge piece of
an adjoining second armature.
The above and other features of my invention will be described in
detail hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawing in
which:
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary plan view (similar to FIG. 14 of my
above-identified prior patent) of a reinforcing structure embodying
my present improvement, with parts broken away;
FIG. 2 is a partial side view (also with parts broken away) of the
structure of FIG. 1, taken on the line II--II thereof;
FIG. 3 is a sectional elevational view, drawn to a larger scale, of
part of another embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a chair with a backrest
incorporating a structure according to the invention;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of part of a hospital bed with a back
support incorporating a structure according to the invention;
FIG. 6 is a set of simplified perspective views of such a
reinforcing structure in three different positions of
adjustment;
FIG. 7 is an end view of a wedge piece shown adjacent a tension
member of an armature according to the invention;
FIG. 8 is a side view of the wedge piece of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a view similar to FIG. 3, illustrating another
modification;
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an element of the assembly of FIG.
9;
FIG. 11 is a side view of another modified wedge piece according to
the invention;
FIG. 12 is a view similar to FIG. 11, showing the wedge piece
thereof in a compressed state;
FIG. 13 is an end view of the wedge piece shown in FIGS. 11 and
12;
FIG. 14 is a view similar to FIG. 12, illustrating a further
variant of the wedge piece;
FIG. 15 is an end view of the wedge piece of FIG. 14;
FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view taken on the line XVI -- XVI of
FIG. 2; and
FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view taken on the line XVII -- XVII of
FIG. 3.
In FIGS. 1, 2 and 16 I have shown a representative portion of a
reinforcing structure including a pair of parallel armatures 10,
10' disposed in or next to a mattress, seat cushion or similar
load-supporting body not shown in these Figures, e.g., a backrest
79 of a chair 80 (FIG. 4) or a back support 82 on a mattress 82a
(FIG. 5). Each armature 10, 10' comprises a tension member in the
form of a cable 8, 8' surrounded by a coil spring 65; the cable and
the coil spring are threaded through a column of mutually abutting
tubular pressure elements 7, 7' of any compression-resisting
material. Cables 8 and 8' are anchored by means of terminals 9, 9'
to a transverse bar 54 which, together with a similar bar 55,
flanks a third bar 53 articulated to these outer bars by respective
pairs of links 56, 56'. The columns of pressure elements 7, 7' bear
at one end upon the bar 55 and are secured at the opposite end, not
shown, to the respective cables 8, 8'. The bars 54, 55 are
shiftable with reference to bar 53 by the hollow stem 58 of a knob,
such as that shown at 81 in FIG. 4, which is journaled in a collar
59 and threadely engages a bolt 57 rigid with bar 53. With collar
59 hingedly connected to bars 54, 55 by means of links 51 and 52,
rotation of stem 58 in one sense or the other will shift the center
bar 53 in either direction (arrow A) with reference to the outer
bars 54, 55 whereby the relative spacing of bars 54 and 55 is
altered through the links 56, 56' with corresponding change in the
tension of cables 8 and 8'. Thus, a relative shift of bar 53 to the
left in FIG. 1 slackens the cables whereas a rightward shift
stresses them to stiffen the columns.
In accordance with this invention, at least one of the pressure
elements 7, 7' of each column 10, 10' is replaced by an equally
pressure-resistant wedge piece 61, 61' with beveled end faces as
best seen in FIG. 2, the remaining pressure elements having
parallel end faces. FIG. 16 shows the wedge piece 61 (identical in
shape with piece 61') as longitudinally slitted at 61a, thereby
giving clearance to the cable 8 and the surrounding coil spring 65
when the piece 61 is clipped onto or pulled off the armature core
in the slackened state thereof. Accidental detachment of the wedge
pieces 61, 61' is prevented by a pair of clamps 62, 62' which,
together with a common transverse strap 62 riveted thereto at 60
and 60', embrace the two wedge pieces and are held in firm contact
therewith by the radially outward pressure of springs 65. This
clamping pressure prevents any rotation of wedge pieces 61 and 61'
about their axes, relative to the remainder of the respective
column and the associated supporting body, thereby insuring that
the two armatures 10, 10' remain curved in parallel planes
perpendicular to the plane defined by bars 53-55. The bending of
the armature 10 upon a maximum tensioning of its cable 8 has been
illustrated in phantom lines in FIG. 2.
One or more additional straps 62a, embracing some of the ordinary
pressure elements 7 and 7', can be used to impart additional
stability to the structure.
Some of elements 7 and 7' may also be longitudinally slitted, as
shown at 7a and 7a', to facilitate their removal from the column
for replacement by wedge pieces 61, 61'. Special clamps such as
those associated with strap 60a may help prevent untimely
detachment of these slitted pressure elements.
In FIG. 3 there is shown an armature imbedded in a body 70, e.g., a
cushion of foam plastic or the like, which includes a tension cable
64 surrounded by a coil spring 65 and threaded through a series of
regular cylindrical pressure elements 66 with parallel end faces
interspersed with wedge pieces 67, 68, 69 of trapezoidal axial
cross-section. These wedge pieces may have longitudinal
throughgoing slots 68a, as illustrated for the piece 68 in FIG. 17,
and are shown surrounded by respective clamping rings 71, 72, 73
having external ribs 71a, 72a, 73a which bite into the surrounding
foam material to prevent appreciable rotation of the rings and
therefore of the wedge pieces about their axes. The clamping rings
71-73 may be slid onto an adjoining pressure element 66 when it is
desired to remove the corresponding wedge piece from the column,
with or without replacement of that wedge piece by another slitted
element of different profile.
FIGS. 9 and 10 show a column of cylindrical and straight-faced
pressure elements 74 on a cable 64, some of these pressure elements
being embraced by slightly larger longitudinally slitted sleeves 77
with segmental end flanges 75, 76 of wedge-shaped, substantially
triangular cross-section projecting unilaterally between adjoining
elements 74 to hold them at an angle to one another, thereby again
imparting a certain curvature (here an upward camber) to the
column. A reduced tongue 78 defines with the flanged part of the
sleeve an axially extending slot 77a by which it may be clipped
onto any pressure element 74 in the slackened state of the
armature. When the cable 64 is stretched taut, the clamping
pressure exerted upon flanges 75 and 76 by the adjoining elements
74 prevents any relative rotation of wedge piece 77. If desired,
several such wedge pieces may again be interconnected by transverse
straps, similar to the one shown at 63 in FIGS. 1 and 2, for
simultaneous attachment to and removal from adjoining
armatures.
FIG. 6 schematically illustrates a complete reinforcing structure
according to the invention, including a series of parallel
armatures 84 terminating in cross-bars 85, 86 against which their
tension members may be stressed by any suitable means such as the
various tensioning devices described in my above-identified prior
patent. Depending upon the number and shape of the inserted wedge
pieces, the structure can be given a more or less pronounced
curvature as illustrated at (a), (b) and (c) in FIG. 6.
FIGS. 7 and 8 show a wedge piece 89 of sickle-shaped cross-section
fitting onto a tension cable 88 without interposition of any coil
spring or the like. FIGS. 11-13 show a similar wedge piece 89 in
the form of a somewhat wider sleeve 90 of the same generally
sickle-shaped profile and trapezoidal axial section defined by two
beveled end faces 91, 92 which carry elastically compressible
layers 93 and 94 of complementarily tapering profile. In their
uncompressed state (FIG. 11), the outline of unit 89 is
substantially rectangular so that, as long as the compression
resistance of layers 93 and 94 exceeds the stress of the associated
tension cable, the part of the column containing this unit together
with similar or ordinary (straight-faced) compression elements
remain substantially straight. When the cable tension is increased,
the column flexes progressively in the direction of divergence of
end faces 93, 94.
In FIGS. 14 and 15 I have illustrated a unit 89' of this general
construction provided with extensions 95, 96 on its sleeve 90' for
precompressing the resilient layers 93', 94' on its end faces 91',
92' independently of the cable-stressing mechanism. These
extensions, articulated to the sleeve by hinges 97, 98, form a pair
of tongs whose clamping pressure may be adjusted by a holding screw
99 with the aid of a nut 99a. With the hinged ends of these tongs
bifurcate, as shown, their presence does not prevent an expansion
of the slotted sleeve to slip it onto or remove it from an
associated tension cable. If such removal is not required, the
sleeve could of course be completely tubular, with the bifurcate
tong extremity replaced by a ring.
The armature embodying the present improvement need not be
constituted by a single column but may be subdivided into several
columns with independently tensionable cables or the like.
The stressing of the tension member or members may be carried out
by hand, as illustrated in FIG. 4, or by automatic means including
conventional sensors responsive to ambient conditions such as
temperature, electric or magnetic fields, gravity, centrifugal
forces and the like. For hospital use, the stress of the tension
members and therefore the curvature of the patient's mattress or
other body support may be controlled by instruments measuring such
medical data as respiration, pulse rate or heartbeat. It is also
possible to vary this tension in a diurnal rhythm under the control
of an automatic timer.
Finally, it should be noted that the invention in at least some of
its aspects is not limited to wedge pieces threaded onto a central
core. Elements such as those shown at 89 in FIGS. 11-13, for
example, could be inserted end-to-end (or with interposition of
straight-faced cylindrical blocks) in an elastic hose acting as the
tension member, e.g., as shown in FIGS. 13-15 of my prior U.S. Pat.
No.3,492,768; in this case, of course, the beveled compression
elements need not be tubular but may be completely solid.
* * * * *