U.S. patent number 3,724,122 [Application Number 05/124,784] was granted by the patent office on 1973-04-03 for flying saucer.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Wham-O Mfg. Co.. Invention is credited to Richard L. Gillespie, Sr..
United States Patent |
3,724,122 |
Gillespie, Sr. |
April 3, 1973 |
FLYING SAUCER
Abstract
An improved saucer shaped throwing implement. A portion of the
upper surface of the saucer located intermediate a circular rim
portion and crown portion is also below the points of maximum
elevation of the rim and crown portions to create a trough or
depression extending around the saucer which is located immediately
adjacent to the rim portion. A low profile contributes to the
ability to "fly" the saucer at a relatively high speed.
Inventors: |
Gillespie, Sr.; Richard L. (San
Gabriel, CA) |
Assignee: |
Wham-O Mfg. Co. (San Gabriel,
CA)
|
Family
ID: |
22416769 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/124,784 |
Filed: |
March 16, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
446/46;
473/588 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63H
33/18 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A63H
33/00 (20060101); A63H 33/18 (20060101); A63b
027/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;46/74D,174
;273/16R,16B |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Chamblee; Hugh R.
Assistant Examiner: Heinz; A.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A saucer adapted to be thrown through the air and having an
aerodynamic lifting surface facing substantially vertically upward;
said aerodynamic lifting surface comprising:
a circular crown portion having a center, an intermediate circular
surface area surrounding the center, and a circumferential portion
surrounding the circular surface area and having a gradual slope
extending downwardly from the circular surface area, the crown
portion having a circumferencial boundary defined by a first radius
extending from said center;
a rounded peripheral portion circumscribing the crown portion and
located at an elevation lower relative to the circular surface area
of the crown portion, the peripheral portion having an inner
boundary defined by a second radius greater than said first radius
such that the peripheral portion is radially spaced from the
circular crown portion, said peripheral portion further defined by
an annular top surface area having a generally upwardly facing
convex curvature and an edge portion extending downwardly relative
to the top surface area thereof to define a circumferencial rim for
the saucer; and
an intermediate depressed annular portion extending between the
peripheral portion and the circular crown portion and having inner
and outer boundaries integrally formed with said crown and
peripheral portions, respectively, wherein a depressed surface
extends around the saucer immediately, interiorly of the peripheral
portion such that the general cross sectional outline of the
lifting surface of the saucer is characterized by a first convex
surface along the outer periphery of the saucer extending radially
inwardly to an intermediate concave surface which in turn extends
radially inwardly to a second more centrally located generally
convex surface, each of the three main portions of the saucer
having respective elevations which are interrelated such that the
saucer presents a low profile.
2. A saucer according to claim 1 wherein the intermediate portion
is an annular trough extending circumferencially around the
saucer.
3. A saucer according to claim 2 wherein the trough has the form of
a circular arc whereby the lifting surface of the saucer is convex
on both sides of the trough and concave in the region of the
trough.
4. A saucer according to claim 1 wherein the intermediate circular
portion comprises a pair of inclined surfaces joined together along
a common annular line to provide a V-shaped annular trough
extending circumferencially around the saucer.
5. A saucer according to claim 2 wherein the edge portion of the
rim is substantially thicker than the remaining portions of the
saucer and in cross-section is a shape approximating a circular
segment.
6. A saucer according to claim 5 wherein a plurality of air
spoilers are located on the lifting surface of the saucer.
7. A saucer according to claim 6 wherein the air spoilers are
located on the circular crown portion.
8. A saucer according to claim 7 wherein the air spoilers are a
plurality of concentric, closely spaced raised ribs.
9. A saucer according to claim 8 wherein the plurality of
concentric raised ribs are located on the surface of the
trough.
10. A saucer according to claim 9 wherein the circular of the crown
portion is essentially flat.
11. A saucer according to claim 1 in which the intermediate surface
area of the crown portion is substantially planar.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to aerodynamic toys to be thrown through the
air and in particular to flying saucers to be used in throwing
games.
Over the past decade, toys resembling inverted platters or saucers
have enjoyed great popularity as recreational items for use in
throwing games and contests. In the usual embodiment the toy is
made of a plastic material in a circular configuration with a rim
portion located at its periphery, the rim portion being relatively
thick in comparison to the remaining portions of the implement. In
its normal inverted platter orientation, the rim curves downwardly
from the toy body giving the implement a shape which approximates
that of an airfoil when viewed in elevation. Such a toy has been
marketed for the period indicated above by the assignee of the
present application under the trademark Frisbee.
In use in throwing games, the toy is normally grasped with the
thumb on the convex side of the saucer and one or more of the
fingers on the concave side. Throwing is accomplished with a wrist
snapping motion wherein the thrower assumes a stance approximately
at right angles to the intended target and retracts his arm across
his body. By uncoiling his arm and snapping his wrist, momentum and
spin is imparted to the saucer to cause it to fly or glide toward
another participant in a game or in some cases toward an inanimate
target. The intricacies of the flight path from the thrower depends
upon the thrower's skill in selecting the proper release point and
the angle of the saucer relative to the ground when it is released.
Its appeal resides in the fact that it exhibits definite
aerodynamic characteristics, can be made to do in-flight maneuvers
of various kinds, can be caused to glide over substantial
distances, and is relatively easy to master.
In an improved version of this well known flying saucer, a series
of concentric discontinuities were provided on the upper surface of
the saucer adjacent the rim, all as described in greater detail in
U.S. Pat. No. 3,359,678. These discontinuities, which, in the
preferred embodiment, were a series of concentric ribs, exerted an
interfering effect on the air flow over the top surface of the
implement creating a turbulent, unseparated boundary layer of air
of a significantly greater area in comparison to the boundary layer
created over the relatively smooth upper surface of the unimproved
version as shown in U.S. Pat. No. D183,626. In effect, the
discontinuities acted as air spoilers and resulted in substantially
enhanced gliding characteristics.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides additional improvements in the
configuration and profile of a flying saucer of the above types. In
this invention a surface of limited elevation is located
intermediate a circular rim portion and a crown portion situated
interiorly of the rim. In addition, the overall height dimension of
the platter is measured from the top of the crown to the bottom
edge of the rim is significantly limited. The result of imposing
the foregoing physical features on the structure of the flying
saucer is that the overall profile is substantially reduced when
compared to prior art versions.
The invention provides an aerodynamic toy comprising a circular
crown portion having a center, a substantially flat circular
surface area surrounding the center and a downwardly curved
circumferential portion surrounding the flat circular surface area,
the boundary of the circular crown portion being defined by a first
predetermined radius. A rim is located circumscribing the circular
crown portion having its point of maximum elevation located a
predetermined distance below the point of maximum elevation of the
circular crown portion with the inner boundary of the rim being
defined by a second predetermined radius greater than said first
predetermined radius. An intermediate circular surface extends
between the rim and the circular crown portion and is integrally
formed with said circular crown portion and said rim along its
inner and outer circumferential extremities respectively. The point
of maximum elevation of the intermediate circular surface is
limited to an elevation below the point of maximum elevation of the
rim whereby a circular depression extending around the
circumference of the toy interiorly of the rim is provided.
What results is a saucer having a substantially reduced elevational
profile presented to the airstream flowing around it thereby
achieving a reduction in drag and a consequent increased ability to
"bore" into the wind at a higher speed. Manipulation of the saucer
is also enhanced due to the presence of the depressed intermediate
surface which provides a point of purchase adjacent the rim for the
thumb of the user. In a preferred embodiment the intermediate
surface has a reverse curvature relative to the rim and crown
portions, thereby locating a concave surface between two convex
surfaces on the upper face of the saucer or platter. The presence
of a surface of this configuration enables the user to in effect
"push" the saucer before complete release thereby resulting in
greater speed at launching and an increase in the length of flight
of the projectile.
In one embodiment of this new and improved version of the flying
saucer, spoilers such as concentric, closely spaced ribs are
provided extending across the intermediate surface and up the
downwardly curving outer periphery of the crown portion of the
flying saucer to achieve an increased area of turbulent air flow
over the saucer before separation or "breakaway" of the airstream.
Other embodiments of the spoilers are also contemplated including
discontinuous ribs and shallow depressions disposed over portions
of the upper surface of the inverted saucer. In the preferred
embodiment, the saucer is balanced and symmetrically constructed so
that a straight line flight is achieved when properly launched in
level orientation along a straight line trajectory extending away
from the thrower. Any departure from balance and symmetry produces
predictable anomalies in flight patterns, with the saucer typically
demonstrating a tendency to curve away toward the weighted side of
the saucer.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The invention will be better understood by reference to the
following figures in which:
FIG. 1 is a top view of the presently preferred embodiment of the
flying saucer of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the saucer shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along lines 3--3 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a side view of an alternate embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a top view taken along lines 5--5 of FIG. 4 of the
alternate embodiment of the saucer according to the present
invention; and
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along lines 6--6 of FIG. 4.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIFIC EMBODIMENT
Referring now to FIG. 1, the top view of a flying saucer 10
according to the present invention, it can be seen that the toy is
a circular saucer-like or platter implement having a central crown
portion 12, an intermediate surface portion 14 and a rim portion
16. The central portion 12, intermediate circular portion 14, and
rim 16 together define a top and bottom side of the flying saucer.
For purposes of reference herein, the top side of the saucer will
be referred to as the convex side and the bottom or underside as
the concave side.
As can be observed from FIG. 2, the bottom edge 20 of the saucer
10, together with its convex side, presents a profile which roughly
approximates a disc of a given thickness having a domed or crown
portion raised above and located in the center of the upper surface
of the disc. In the region corresponding to the transition between
the central portion 12 and the inner circumference of intermediate
portion 14, a curved surface 18 is provided as a part of portion 12
which extends downwardly from the point of maximum elevation of the
central portion to an elevation below the point of maximum
elevation of the rim portion. Rim portion 16 which extends from
bottom edge 20 rises upwardly in a curving outline to the region
corresponding to the transition between the rim 16 and the outer
circumference of intermediate surface portion 14. As is also
indicated in greater detail in conjunction with the description of
FIGS. 3 and 5, the point of maximum elevation of intermediate
surface 14 is limited to a height which is below the point of
maximum elevation of the rim creating a trough or depression
extending around the saucer. This likewise imposes the limitation
that the point of maximum elevation of the intermediate surface 14
is located a predetermined distance below the point of maximum
elevation of the crown or dome portion 12 of the saucer. In
comparison to preceding versions of this flying saucer, the
distance between the bottom edge 20 of the saucer and the point of
maximum elevation of the crown or dome portion 12 is substantially
less than the corresponding dimension in the prior art versions.
This lower height dimension combined with the intermediate trough
or depression on the convex side of the saucer provides the saucer
of the present invention with a substantially lower profile and
results in the higher flight speed and longer flight distances.
In FIGS. 2 and 3, the side and sectional views of a presently
preferred embodiment of the saucer, the outline of the convex and
concave sides of the saucer 10 are more completely illustrated As
can be seen from these figures, the implement resembles an inverted
saucer. Further, the rim which extends downwardly in an essentially
perpendicular relation to the general plane of the saucer is
substantially thicker than the remaining portions of the saucer and
in cross-section resembles a circular segment. A plurality of
concentric, closely spaced ribs or ridges 22 are superimposed or
raised from intermediate surface 14 and extend a predetermined
distance up surface 18 of crown portion 12. As previously
indicated, the ridges produce an air spoiling effect and a
turbulent, closely adhering boundary layer flow of air over a
greater portion of the top surface of the saucer before separation
in comparison to the flow over a smooth surface, resulting in an
increased stability in the flight of the saucer. The exterior most
spoiler rib is located at or slightly interiorly of the point of
juncture of the rim 16 and intermediate surface 14 with the
remaining spoilers extending interiorly thereof.
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, surface 14 is dished or
curved such that a reverse or "S" curve is produced in the
transition from the rim to the intermediate surface and thence to
the surface of the central or crown portion 12. This surface of
reverse curvature results in an annular depressed trough 24
extending around the saucer located immediately interiorly of the
rim portion. In addition to its contribution to the lowered profile
of the saucer, the trough or depression provides a means whereby
the saucer may be more readily gripped particularly when being
launched by a user. When grasped in the conventional launching
manner with the convex side as the top surface and the concave side
the bottom surface of the saucer when in flight, the fingers of the
user grip the under or convex side of the saucer and rim portion
while the thumb rests in and grips the trough 24 on the concave
side thereof. In this way the user is enabled to maintain firmer
physical contact with the saucer during launching resulting in the
greater "push" and thereby achieving the longer and faster flights
of the saucer of the present invention.
A discontinuity in the convex surface of the toy in the form of a
circular shallow recess 32 is located interiorly of spoilers 22 in
the center of crown portion 12 and forms a closed circle thereon
concentric with the center 28 of the saucer. The central region of
crown portion 12 in such an embodiment is thereby essentially flat.
As shown in FIG. 3, the concave side of the saucer has an
essentially smooth surface 34 extending from the rim interiorly to
recess 32. The recess 32 appears as a circular disc raised from the
surface of the concave side of the saucer.
FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate an alternate embodiment of the saucer of
the present invention. In this embodiment the saucer resembles that
of FIGS. 1 and 3 with the exception that an intermediate circular
surface 36 is located between a rim 38 and a central or dome
portion 40. In this embodiment an essentially angular "V"-shaped
trough is defined by a first surface 41 extending from its point of
juncture along the interior of rim portion 38 to the apex 44 of the
"V" and a second surface 43 which extends from apex 44 to the point
of juncture with the downwardly curving periphery of a crown
portion 40. In this embodiment, as in the previous embodiment, a
saucer of a substantially lower profile is again achieved having
the same advantages as outlined above with respect to its flying
characteristics. The curved and V-shaped troughs of the two
embodiments described herein are illustrative of the several
possible configurations which can be molded into the saucer within
the general requirement that an annular trough be provided in the
surface of the saucer located in the region immediately interiorly
of the rim portion.
In its presently preferred embodiment the saucer of the present
invention is fabricated by injection molding of polyethylene.
Fabrication in this manner from such a material results in a saucer
having the degree of rigidity necessary for shape retention while
retaining a limited degree of softness and flexibility to enhance
its handling and to reduce the shock of impact when used in a toss
game between two or more players. In its presently preferred
embodiment the saucer has a weight of between 100 and 120 grams and
a diameter of approximately 91/4 inches. Larger and smaller
versions of the presently preferred embodiment are also
contemplated having proportional weight and dimensional
characteristics.
* * * * *