U.S. patent number 3,724,093 [Application Number 05/085,805] was granted by the patent office on 1973-04-03 for heater for sealing carton containers.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Haskon Incorporated. Invention is credited to Howard E. Olila.
United States Patent |
3,724,093 |
Olila |
April 3, 1973 |
HEATER FOR SEALING CARTON CONTAINERS
Abstract
A heating apparatus for use with a carton forming machine for
selectively heating the sealing surfaces of carton closure
elements. A hot air distributor head is formed to receive the
closure elements of the carton in adjacent relationship and to
selectively heat portions of the closure elements by convection and
radiation.
Inventors: |
Olila; Howard E. (St. Paul,
MN) |
Assignee: |
Haskon Incorporated (Warsaw,
IN)
|
Family
ID: |
22194066 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/085,805 |
Filed: |
October 30, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
34/104; 493/134;
53/370.9; 493/184 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65B
51/20 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65B
51/20 (20060101); F26b 025/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;34/104,105 ;53/375
;93/44.1R,44.1GT |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Dority, Jr.; Carroll B.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A heating apparatus for use with a carton forming machine for
selectively heating sealing surfaces of carton closure elements,
comprising:
a hot air distributor head for heating said sealing surfaces by
heated air convection and by radiation;
means in operative relationship with said distributor head for
positioning the head adjacent to said carton closure elements and
for introducing heated air into the distributor head and wherein
said head includes
a first planar surface;
first and second elongated hollow projections integral with and
extending substantially perpendicularly and in substantially the
same direction away from said first surface, each of said
projections having an air flow passageway therein for passing hot
air against selected carton sealing surfaces;
a plurality of walls integral with and extending substantially
perpendicularly and in substantially the same direction away from
said first surface and forming a substantially hour-glass like
configuration between said first and second projections;
a top wall integral with said walls whereby an open-ended chamber
is formed;
said walls further having apertures therein for directing heated
air against surfaces of the carton closure elements; and
means in operative relationship with each of said apertures for
enabling the individual adjustment of air flow therethrough.
2. A heating apparatus as in claim 1 wherein said projections are
substantially parallel to each other.
3. A heating apparatus as in claim 1 wherein said walls form four
interior acute angle corners and wherein said apertures are located
at each of said corners.
4. A heating apparatus as in claim 3 further including a plurality
of additional apertures located adjacent to one of said corners and
in one of said walls for directing an additional volume of hot air
against one of the carton sealing surfaces and also including a
pair of sidewalls fastened to opposite ends of said first and
second projections to help retain the hot air within the
distributor head.
5. A heating apparatus for use with a carton forming machine for
selectively heating sealing surfaces of carton closure elements,
comprising:
a hot air distributor head for heating said sealing surfaces by
heated air convection and by radiation;
means in operative relationship with said distributor head for
positioning the head adjacent to said carton closure elements and
for introducing heated air into the distributor head and wherein
said head includes
a first planar surface;
first and second elongated hollow projections integral with and
extending substantially perpendicularly and in substantially the
same direction away from said first surface, each of said
projections having an air flow passageway therein for passing hot
air against selected carton sealing surfaces;
a plurality of walls integral with and extending substantially
perpendicularly and in substantially the same direction away from
said first surface and forming a substantially hour-glass like
configuration between said first and second projections;
a top wall integral with said walls whereby an open-ended chamber
is formed;
said walls further having apertures therein for directing heated
air against surfaces of the carton closure elements;
hydraulic means for moving said distributor head toward and away
from cartons to be sealed;
a walled chamber member for receiving heated air and in fluid
communication with the distributor head for directing the heated
air into the distributor head; and
means positioned between said hydraulic means and said chamber
member for shielding the hydraulic means from heat from the
distributor head and from the chamber member, said shielding means
including
a heat shield attached to the chamber member and between the
chamber member and the hydraulic means; and
a coolant plate having fluid flow passageways therein in fluid
communication with the interior of the chamber member, said coolant
plate positioned between the hydraulic means and the chamber member
for shielding the hydraulic means from the heat in the distributor
head and the chamber member and for preheating air as it passes
into and through the coolant plate passageways on its way into the
chamber member.
6. A heating apparatus as in claim 5 further including a heater in
position for heating air as it passes from the coolant plate
passageways into the chamber member.
7. A heating apparatus as in claim 6 wherein said hydraulic means
include an hydraulic cylinder and a piston movable therein, said
piston connected to said coolant plate, and further including a
base plate having an aperture therein for slideably receiving the
piston.
8. A heating apparatus as in claim 7 wherein said base plate has
two additional apertures therein and wherein the apparatus further
includes two guide rods connected to the coolant plate and movably
located within said additional base plate apertures for stabilizing
movement of the distributor head.
9. A heating apparatus as in claim 5 wherein said chamber member
includes:
an outer shell; and
an inner shell fastened to and spaced apart from the outer shell to
form a heat insulating air space.
10. A heating apparatus as in claim 9 wherein the distributor head
fits over said chamber member and wherein the interior of said
inner shell is in fluid communication with the interior of the
distributor head.
11. A heating apparatus as in claim 1 further including first and
second baffles positioned adjacent the passageways in said first
and second projections, respectively, for directing the flow of hot
air against selected carton sealing surfaces.
12. A heating apparatus as in claim 11, wherein:
said air flow passageways extend longitudinally through said
projections and terminate at top surfaces of said projections;
said baffles are mounted on said top surfaces of said projections;
and
said projections include shoulders formed at said top surfaces to
provide inwardly extending passageways beneath said baffles for
directing hot air to the carton sealing surfaces.
13. A heating apparatus as in claim 3 wherein said apertures are
positioned at angles of 45.degree. with respect to said cover to
direct hot air upwardly and outwardly away from said walls.
Description
This invention relates to carton forming apparatus and more
particularly to heating apparatus for use with a carton forming
machine for selectively heating the sealing surfaces of carton
closure elements.
Cartons made from scored paper blanks coated with a heat and
pressure sensitive thermoplastic substance have been used for some
time for packaging fluids and other products. Milk, for example, is
commonly marketed in such paper cartons.
Various types of carton forming machines have been developed, and
various types of heating arrangements have been used to heat the
closure elements of the cartons prior to heat sealing them
together. Although these heating arrangements have served the
purpose, they have not proved entirely satisfactory under all
conditions of service.
For example, the use of gas heaters as described in U.S. Pat. No.
3,364,826, is adequate for unlined paper cartons. However, metallic
foil lined cartons are now being used for the packaging of syrups
and the like where it is necessary to prevent the deterioration of
the paper in the carton or to prevent the paper from coming in
contact with the contents of the container. When such foil lined
cartons are used, gas heaters, such as that described in U.S. Pat.
No. 3,364,826, do not perform satisfactorily because the foil
located nearest to the heater is overheated and deteriorates before
the portions of the carton further away from the heater are
adequately heated for sealing. Thus, there is an overconcentration
of heat adjacent the outer ends of the carton closure elements, and
proper uniform heating of the outer surfaces of the carton closure
elements and of the foil lining is not attained. This, of course,
has frequently resulted in a poor seal of the carton with the
concomitant leakage of its contents.
Other types of container closure heaters, such as those disclosed
in U. S. Pat. Nos. 3,309,841 and 3,392,458 have been used; however,
these heaters are not adapted for satisfactory use with foil-lined
cartons because an excessive amount of heated air and radiation may
act upon the inner foil lining of the carton so as to heat the foil
to an undesirably high temperature. Thus, as in the case of a gas
fired heater the inner foil may be so overheated that it melts away
from the inside of the carton closure members. This, of course,
results not only in a poor seal of the carton but exposes the
contents of the carton directly to the paper, and if the contents
are such that they react in an unfavorable manner with the paper
the integrity of the carton may be destroyed and the contents
thereof contaminated by portions of the paper cartons.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide an
improved and efficient heater for use in carton forming machines
employing metallic foil-lined paper board containers whereby
predetermined sealing surfaces of the carton closure elements are
properly heated to provide good seals when the heated closure
elements are pressed together.
Another object of the invention is to provide a heating apparatus
employing a unique hot air distributor head for selectively heating
the sealing surfaces of carton closure elements by heated air
convection and by radiation so that the volume of heated air
required is less than that required in prior art heaters.
Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set
forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be
obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the
invention. The objects and advantages are realized and attained by
means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly
pointed out in the appended claims.
To achieve these objects the present invention provides a heating
apparatus for use with a carton forming machine for selectively
heating the sealing surfaces of carton closure elements. The
heating apparatus includes a hot air distributor head for heating
the sealing surfaces by heated air convection and by radiation, and
also includes means in operative relationship with the distributor
head for positioning the head adjacent to the carton closure
elements and for introducing heated air into the distributor head.
The distributor head includes a first planar surface, first and
second elongated hollow projections extending substantially
perpendicularly and in substantially the same direction away from
the first surface, each of the projections having an air flow
passageway therein for passing hot air against certain of the
carton sealing surfaces. A plurality of walls extend substantially
perpendicularly and in substantially the same direction away from
the first surface and form a substantially hour-glass like
configuration. The distributor head further includes a cover
positioned on the walls whereby an open-ended chamber is formed by
the cover and the walls, and the walls further have apertures
therein for directing heated air against surfaces of the carton
closure elements.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description
and the following detailed description are exemplary and
explanatory and are not restrictive of the invention.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a vertical fragmentary section of the heating
apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the hot air distributor head;
FIG. 3 is a bottom plan view of the distributor head;
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the heating apparatus with certain
parts removed for clarity; and
FIG. 5 is a side elevation view of the distributor head shown in
FIG. 2.
With reference now to the drawings, wherein like reference
characters designate like or corresponding parts throughout the
several views, there is shown in FIG. 1 a preferred embodiment of
the invention. The hot air distributor head of the invention is
generally indicated by the numeral 10. Similarly, the numeral 12
generally indicates means in operative relationship with the
distributor head for positioning the head adjacent to carton
closure elements 14 and for introducing heated air into the
distributor head.
The distributor head is illustrated in more detail in FIGS. 2-5 and
includes a first planar surface 16. The distributor head is
preferably made of metal having a high heat conductivity. A number
of metals may be used, but an aluminum-bronze alloy, e.g.,
"ALUBRONZE" has been found to perform satisfactorily.
A first elongated hollow projection 18 and a second elongated
hollow projection 20 extend substantially perpendicularly and in
substantially the same direction away from the planar surface 16.
First projection 18 has an airflow passageway 22 therein and second
projection 20 has an airflow passageway 24 for passing hot air
against certain of the carton sealing surfaces of closure elements
14.
A plurality of side walls 26 extend substantially perpendicularly
and in substantially the same direction away from planar surface 16
and are located in continuous relationship with respect to one
another to form a substantially hour-glass like configuration. As
seen in FIG. 2, walls 26 are formed integral with a top wall 28 to
provide an open-ended chamber 31 having a top 28 and side walls 26.
In addition, the walls have apertures 32 therein which are
positioned at the interior acute angle corners of the walls, and
these apertures are directed upwardly and outwardly from the walls
so that heated air is directed against inner corners of closure
elements 14 when the carton is positioned over the distributor
head.
Apertures 30 containing screws 34 or other adjustment means are
provided in top wall 28 and extend across apertures 32 to adjust
the flow of air through the apertures and provide the desired
amount of heating of the interior surface corners of the closure
members.
First and second projections 18 and 20 are preferably parallel to
each other. A first baffle 36 (FIG. 2 and 5) is fastened to the top
of first projection 18 by screws 38 positioned in apertures 38' and
second baffle 40 is fastened to the top of second projection 20 by
means of screws 42. These baffles are positioned adjacent to
passageways 22 and 24, and shoulders 44 and 46 (FIG. 1) integral
with first projection 18 and with second projection 20,
respectively, combine with baffles 36 and 40 to direct the flow of
hot air inwardly from the projections and against closure members
14 of the carton. In this way the exterior surfaces of two opposing
ones of the closure members are heated as the carton is moved
downwardly over distributor head 10 and as it is removed from the
distributor head.
Apertures 32 are preferably located at angles of about 45.degree.
with respect to top wall 28 so that heated air is directed upwardly
and outwardly away from walls 26 to heat the interior corners of
closure members 14 as the carton is placed over and removed from
distributor head 10. Also a plurality of additional apertures 48
are provided adjacent to one of the apertures 32 and in one wall 26
for directing an additional volume of heated air against the inner
surface of one closure member 14. This closure member frequently
has an additional wall thickness as a result of overlapping of the
paper blank forming the tubular carton. Because of this additional
wall thickness, apertures 48 are used to make sure that proper
heating of the interior surface of that closure member is
accomplished. As a result, proper heating of the interior and
exterior of closure members 14 is achieved and the bottom of the
carton can be firmly sealed by pressing the closure members
together at a later step in the operation as is well known to those
skilled in the art.
Slanted passageways 50 and 52 are provided in fluid communication
with passageway 22 and 24, respectively, to facilitate passage of
hot air into passageways 22 and 24 when distributor head 10 is
positioned for operation, as illustrated in FIG. 1. Furthermore,
side walls 54 are fastened by screws or other conventional means 56
to opposite ends of first and second projections 18 and 20 to
assist in retaining the hot air within the distributor head and to
further heat closure members 14 to provide the necessary melting of
the thermoplastic coating.
In accordance with the invention, means are provided in operative
relationship with distributor head 10 for positioning the head
adjacent to the carton closure elements and for introducing heated
air into the distributor head. As here embodied, the positioning
and heated air introducing means include hydraulic means for moving
distributor head 10 toward and away from the cartons to be sealed
and the hydraulic means include an hydraulic cylinder 58 of
conventional construction having a piston 60 movable therein.
A walled chamber member for receiving heated air is located in
fluid communication with distributor head 10, and the walled
chamber member receives heated air and directs the heated air into
the distributor head. As here embodied, the walled chamber member
includes an outer shell 62 and an inner shell 64 fastened to and
spaced apart from the outer shell by means of spacer elements 66 to
form a heat insulating air space 68.
In accordance with the invention, means are positioned between the
hydraulic cylinder and the walled chamber member for shielding the
hydraulic cylinder from heat from the distributor head and from the
walled chamber member. As here embodied, the shielding means
include a heat shield 70 comprised of a suitable heat insulating
material attached to outer shell 62 and positioned between the
outer shell and hydraulic cylinder 58.
A coolant plate 72 having an essentially "U" shaped fluid flow
passageway formed by passageways 74, 75, and 74' is positioned
between hydraulic cylinder 58 and heat shield 70, and the "U"
shaped passageway is in fluid communication with the interior 76 of
the walled chamber via connections 78 and 80. Coolant plate 72
performs the dual functions of shielding hydraulic cylinder 58 from
the heat in distributor head 10 and chamber 76 and of pre-heating
air entering the coolant plate from a supply line 82. The air is
pre-heated prior to entering heater 84, and the air is then
directed through connection 80 and through shells 62 and 64 to the
interior of chamber 76. The heated air then passes upwardly and
into distributor head 10 to ultimately pass into and through
passageways 22 and 24 and into chamber 31 and through apertures 32
and 48 to impinge upon closure elements 14 of the carton.
In order to provide stability of movement for distributor head 10
and for piston 60, a base plate 86 is provided adjacent to
hydraulic cylinder 58. The base plate may preferably be fastened by
conventional means (not shown) to the hydraulic cylinder, and the
base plate has an aperture 88 therein for receiving piston 60 and
two apertures 80 for receiving guide rods 90. Guide rods 90 are
connected to coolant plate 72 by conventional means (not shown),
and these rods move through apertures 89 with movement of piston 60
to stabilize the positioning of distributor head 10.
In operation of the heating apparatus of this invention, a
distributor head 10 of suitable size, depending upon the size of
the cartons to be operated upon, is selected. Each of the
distributor heads includes a depressed area 92 (FIG. 1) in cover 28
and a bracket 94 (FIGS. 2 and 4) fastened to the cover and
positioned over a portion of the depressed area for facilitating
the removal and replacement of the distributor head from walled
chamber 76. Thus, the desired distributor head is first placed onto
the top of walled chamber 76.
When the apparatus operates in a vertical direction, as
illustrated, the distributor head need not be fastened to the
walled chamber; however, if the heating apparatus is to operate in
other than a vertical direction the distributor head should be
secured to one or both of shells 62 and 64 in a conventional
manner.
The distributor head is provided with a shoulder 96 (FIG. 5) which
fits down inside inner shell 64 (FIG. 1) so that shoulder 96 is in
a position closely adjacent to the inside surface of shell 64. In
addition, inner shell 64 is provided with a flange extension 64',
and surface 98 of the distributor head rests on this flange
extension when the distributor head is placed in its operating
position.
With the distributor head in position, heater 84 is energized and a
forced air source (not shown) is energized to provide a flow of air
from line 82 into "U" shaped passageway in coolant plate 72. The
air then passes out through connection 78, into heater 84, and
through connection 80 into chamber 76. The air quickly fills
chamber 76 and is then forced upwardly into distributor head
10.
Slanted passageways 50 and 52 enable the hot air to pass upwardly
and into passageways 22 and 24 so that the air ultimately emerges
from the passageways adjacent to shoulders 44 and 46 and beneath
baffles 36 and 40. Simultaneously, air is forced upwardly into the
central chamber 31 to heat side walls 26 and top wall 28 and where
it emerges through apertures 32 and 48.
The flow of heated air, as just described, may be interrupted or
continuous, and the interruptions may occur at various times in
relation to the movement of the cartons and closure elements 14
with respect to distributor head 10. For example, the air could
flow continuously as the distributor head is moved to a position
adjacent to closure elements 14 and as the head is moved away from
a position adjacent to the closure elements.
Alternately, the air could be caused to flow only during those
periods of time during which the closure elements are being moved
downwardly and into adjacent relationship with the distributor
head. In this mode of operation, therefore, the air would cease to
flow during those periods of time when the closure elements are
being removed from a position adjacent to the distributor head.
Still another alternative mode of operation would cause the air to
flow and to impinge upon the closure elements only when the closure
elements are being withdrawn from a position adjacent to the
distributor head.
Although these and other timing arrangements are envisioned by the
invention, the discussion herein will concern continuous flow of
the air during all phases of operation of the apparatus.
With a carton forming machine as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,364,826,
after the bottom closure elements have been pre-broken and the
mandrel wheel indexed to the bottom heating station, hydraulic
cylinder 58 is activated in a conventional manner to move head 10
up into adjacent relationship with the carton's closure elements
14. During this upward movement of piston 60, guide rods 90 also
move in an upward direction through base plate apertures 88 to
stabilize the movement of the apparatus.
Because air is continuously flowing into chamber 76 and out through
passageways 22 and 24 and through apertures 32 and 48, hot air is
caused to impinge upon the entire outer surfaces of the two opposed
gusset closure panels 14' of the closure elements of the container
as they pass by passageways 22 and 24. In addition, apertures 32
provide a continuous stream of heated air against the interior
corners of the closure elements and heated air from apertures 48
impinge upon the double-walled thickness of one interior corner of
a closure element.
Because the distributor head 10 is made of a highly heat conductive
material, such as "ALUBRONZE," the distributor head becomes quite
hot. Thus, in addition to heating the closure elements by means of
forced air convection currents, the closure elements are also
heated by means of radiation from the hot metal of the distributor
head.
Because of the large amount of heat present in chamber 76 and in
distributor head 10, the heat shielding arrangement is preferably
provided to shield hydraulic cylinder 58 and its associated
hydraulic system (not shown) from the heat. This is accomplished by
the use of air space 68, which has an insulating effect, and is
also accomplished by means of heat shield 70. Furthermore, coolant
plate 72 acts to shield cylinder 58 from the heat and also serves
to preheat the air entering via line 82. The absorption of heat by
this incoming air reduces the amount of heat that reaches cylinder
58 and also raises the temperature of the air prior to its entering
heater 84.
After the distributor head has reached its upper limit around the
closure elements 14, cylinder 58 is again energized by its
hydraulic system (not shown) and piston 60 is retracted, again
causing the hot air to impinge upon selected surfaces of the
closure elements as the distributor head is moved away from the
carton. The time selected for movement of the head is set so that
all necessary surfaces are uniformly heated for sealing without
degradation of the metal foil liner.
Because apertures 32 are positioned at an angle of approximately
45.degree. with respect to cover 28, hot air is forced up into the
uppermost corners of closure elements 14 so that the desired
heating of the inner foil lining is accomplished and so that a
tight seal can be obtained when the closure elements are pressed
together in a later operational step, not a part of this invention.
Additional apertures 48 are also important in directing an extra
amount of air against the extra thickness of the closure elements
adjacent to one corner of the carton. This extra thickness is
frequently referred to as the fifth wall of the carton and is
created by overlapping of the paper, which is necessary to form the
tubular carton.
When using metallic foil lined cartons it is extremely important to
carefully regulate the amount of heated air that impinges upon the
interior of the closure elements so as to avoid excessive heating
of the foil. This is accomplished, in part, in this invention by
means of adjustment screws 34 which may be rotated to permit more
or less air to flow through apertures 32 and against the interior
of closure elements 14.
The substantially hour-glass shape of walls 26, as viewed in plan,
is significant since it permits the heated walls 26 to be
immediately adjacent to closure elements 14' which after having
been prebroken have an hour-glass configuration as is well known to
those skilled in the art. Thus, radiation from walls 26, in
addition to hot air convection currents, acts upon the inner
surfaces of the prebroken closure elements to heat the foil lining
or other lining of these elements to the desired temperature.
When a different size carton is to be formed, distributor head 10
is removed by placing a tool (not shown) into depressed area 92 and
under bracket 94. The distributor head is then lifted off of inner
shell 64 and a different sized head is replaced.
The present invention thus provides a simple and effective heating
apparatus for heating the closure elements of carton containers
prior to the step of pressing the closure elements together to form
a tight seal.
The invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific
details as shown and described, and departures may be made from
such details without departing from the principles of the invention
and without sacrificing its chief advantages.
* * * * *