Voting System

Abstract

A voting system embodying a registration machine operable by the voter through a voter's identification card and controllable by the precinct officer for voters use; upon registration said registration machine electrically releases a voter's selection panel for voting; a multiplicity of voting panels are electrically coupled to a single totalizer which sequentially totalizes the vote from each panel for every voting choice on respective specialized counters from which a single card record is instantly obtainable that is suitable for quick totalization of vote from a given area; an electrically interconnected recorder automatically records the exact vote of each anonymous voter.

Description

This invention relates to a system for voting in national, state or local elections for election of officers or on any pertinent issue. The system is equally applicable to periodic polling of public opinion by any private or public agency on matters of public concern.

The system embodies the complete voting process beginning with the registration and identification of the eligible voter thru the ultimate count of the complete vote. As such, it embodies and envisions new and novel techniques and procedures in which the combination of a number of new and novel devices and mechanisms are utilized.

A number of voting systems currently in use attempt to apply certain improvements or partial mechanization to a certain phase of the voting process, - as for example, the actual registration of the vote. Some attempt to use centralized computing machines which require that the recorded vote be conveyed to a computing center for a count of the vote. This involves the use of specialized record cards that require special registration apparatus, the cards being adequately designed to be accepted by the computing equipment. Other systems resort to the use of various types of voting sheets, - various ways of using specialized computers, - various forms of voting panel design, etc.

None of these existing systems have attacked the complete voting process. None have resolved the problems of cost, speed, accuracy, security, voter identification and registration. In spite of the various minor compromise remedies a tally of the vote is still a long, drawn-out process; - costs are still unreasonably high that include service personnel in booths, - cost of records, - cost of transfer to centers for computation, - costs of computation, - costs of identification. Potentiality of error, - and of potential fraud in identification, or the problem of write-in votes is still a major factor.

The average precinct voting station still requires four to five attendants whose duties are, to obtain the signature of the voter, to check the name with the available record for the precinct registration, to check off the name on the total registration sheet, issue voting ballot, receive the ballot after voting, tear off number and deposit ballot in voting box, and guide the voter in proper manner for voting. In general, the average urban precinct voting station maintains four or five voting booths. The vote count proceeds after closing hours of the voting precinct, and may continue into the long hours of the following day to completion.

Accordingly, the objectives of this invention are to provide for:

1. Quick, authorized, and registered means for voter personal identification that will simultaneously exclude the possibility of fraudulent voter representation.

2. Quick and automatic registration of voter in the polling booth that will also prevent the possibility of repeat registration.

3. Automatic permission to vote following adequate voter registration.

4. Automatic permission to vote in only one specified precinct in which the voter is registered.

5. Complete secrecy and security of voter with automatic non-correlation of voter with his actual vote.

6. Means for write-in votes - where permissible - and integration of this vote to other candidates in the same category.

7. Automatically governing voter selection of his vote so that he will not exceed the number of choices permissible for eligible vote.

8. A minimum number of service personnel - (only one envisioned instead of the current four or five persons.)

9. Automatic servicing (or use) of maximum number of voting booths. (The present limit of four or five booths may be extended to 12 to 20 booths, thus accommodating several precincts in one voting station.)

10. Automatic instantaneous, continuous and accurate count of vote for entire voting station for all booths.

11. Ability to instantly obtain record of voting count at any time period by automatic means.

12. Ability to instantly obtain a record of total vote for each candidate and issue at close of voting time.

13. Automatic untamperable accuracy of total vote count.

14. Elimination of need to transfer records of individual votes to central point for count - or computer processing.

15. Absolute elimination of massive records - and reduce necessary records to absolute minimum and in simple form.

16. Possibility - when desired - for recount of vote with absolute minimum of paper (no need for individual cards or computers), at high speed at absolute accuracy.

17. Possibility of using the same equipment for opinion polling of specific surveys with adequate means for obtaining the requisite data in such surveys, - this use will likewise result in reduced costs of such surveys, - greater representative numbers to obtain better indicative results, - high speed of results, - high accuracy, and quick analysis of results.

18. Simplicity in voter use, simplicity in system use, and general reliability of system.

19. Reduction in the number of records to be summarized in final count by a factor equal to the number of voters divided by the number of voting stations; this factor may have an envisioned range of 1,000 to 5,000.

The manner in which the outlined objectives are achieved, - the functioning of the system in this invention, - and the individual major components that implement and are embodied in this invention and the functions thereof are further delineated in the following specifications.

The new and novel features which are believed to be characteristic of this invention, both as to organization and method of operation, together with further objectives and advantages thereof will be better understood from the following descriptions considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which a presently prefered embodiment of the invention and its components is illustrated by way of example. It is expressly understood, however, that the drawings are for the purpose of illustration and description only, and are not intended as a definition of the limits of the invention including any and all of its components.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a front view of a resident citizens identification card used in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 1A is a rear view of the card of FIG. 1;

FIG. 2 is a front view of a voters identification and registration card embodying the card of FIG. 1;

FIG. 2A is a rear view of the arrangement of FIG. 2;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a voters registration module used in conjunction with the card of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a layout of a representative voting panel module, shown in the vertical plane;

FIG. 5 is an external perspective view of a totalizing module in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 6 is a representative front view layout of the registering face components embodied in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a paper chart recorder module registering individual voter selections;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a form of polling attendant's control module;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a composite arrangement embodying the voting module of FIG. 4 and the voter registration module of FIG. 3;

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of one example of the disposition and interconnection between a number of modules shown in FIG. 9 and the control module of FIG. 8 as well as voters totalizing module of FIG. 5 and individual voter recording module of FIG. 7;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a voting booth containing the voting arrangement of FIG. 9;

FIG. 12 is a schematic wiring diagram indicating the electrical interconnection between various modules and their principal components;

FIG. 13 is an arrangement of vote selecting button mechanisms in combination with the write-in mechanism;

FIG. 13A is a cross-sectional view of the voting buttons of FIG. 13, illustrating the manner in which all voting buttons are simultaneously released on completion of totalization of votes;

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the voting buttons wherein the voter may select more than one candidate but less than the total number of candidates;

FIG. 14A is a plan view of the hold and release mechanism of the voting buttons of FIG. 14;

FIG. 15 is a diagram of the mechanism for selection by the voter of either a "Yes" or "No" vote for an issue or proposition;

FIG. 15A is a cross-section of the voting panel module of FIG. 15;

FIG. 16 is a diagram of the mechanism of the vote button;

FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of the interconnection of the vote holding relays in preparation for the totalizer;

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of the totalizing drum;

FIG. 18A is a plan view of the drum of FIG. 18;

FIG. 19 is a sectional view of the disposition of the voting counters in the totalizing module and their relative interconnections;

FIG. 20 is a further detail of FIGS. 5 and 6 indicating the disposition of the voting counters of FIG. 19;

FIG. 20A is a further detail of FIG. 20 indicating the manner of obtaining a card record of the totalized figures on the counters;

FIG. 21 is a diagram of a printed paper to be placed over a section of the voting module of FIG. 4 to identify the respective offices and candidates for offices;

FIG. 22 is a diagram of a printed paper to be overlaid on the entire voting panel module of FIG. 4 identifying all offices, candidates for offices and issues or propositions;

FIG. 23 is a diagram of a combination voting button incorporating an indicating light on the voting panel module of the corresponding selection of the voter;

FIG. 24A is a schematic front view of the voters' selection panel indicating the voters selection buttons, number of candidates selected, light indicator and final voting button;

FIG. 24B is a fragmentary schematic view of the metering mechanism permitting only the maximum allowable candidate selection;

FIG. 24C is a fragmentary schematic view of the holding and release mechanisms;

FIG. 24D is a detailed view of the voting button;

FIG. 24E is a detailed view of the final vote button when selection is completed;

FIG. 24F is a detailed view of the mechanism showing the number of candidates selected;

FIG. 24 G is a fragmentary schematic view of the blocking plate for preventing selection of candidates above the allowable number;

FIG. 25 is a front view of a light indicating panel in connection with FIGS. 24A-24G showing the exact candidates selected from the large number of candidates;

FIG. 26 is a perspective view of the detail of the selector mechanism of FIGS. 24A-24G;

FIG. 26A is a schematic view of the upper detail of FIG. 26 showing the mechanism for the selection pin;

FIG. 27 is a diagram of the electrical balancing circuit that exactly positions the candidate pin of FIG. 26;

FIG. 28 is a representation of a relay panel for the condition of FIGS. 24A-24G that finally activates the corresponding counters in the corresponding totalizer module;

FIG. 29 is a simplified schematic and diagrammatic representation of a counter assembly for the condition of FIGS. 24A-24G;

FIG. 30 is a schematic diagram showing interconnecting wiring correlating FIGS. 24A-24G, 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29;

FIG. 31 is a perspective view of a module for use by a voter combining FIGS. 24A-30 inclusive;

FIG. 32A is a perspective view illustrating the numerals and binary code indices embossed on the individual drums of a typical counter in accordance with the invention;

FIG. 32B is a layout of the pattern on a drum of FIG. 32A;

FIG. 33A is a perspective view of another form of numeral and code representation on a typical counter drum;

FIG. 33B is a layout of the pattern on the drum of FIG. 33A;

FIG. 34 is a layout of a sub-card on which the totalized figure is obtained from the totalizer;

FIG. 34A is a further layout of FIG. 34 showing the name of the candidate or issue for additional identification;

FIG. 35 is a diagram of a total registration card embodying the subcards of FIGS. 34 or 34A; and

FIG. 36 is a representation of a normally available adding computer machine which totalizes the vote of all corresponding sub-cards from the various areas.

The present invention consists of an electrically interconnected system embodying the various major elements cited above, and described hereinafter, which allows a voter to adequately identify himself and then proceed to exercise his vote, - the results of this vote being automatically totalized and/or recorded to instantly obtain the status of the total vote.

FIGS. 1 and 1A - show a U. S. citizen identification card as currently obtainable by all U.S. citizens. This identification card is a certification by the respective agencies of the United States Government that the bearer is in fact a citizen of the United States. Whenever it may be found desirable that the form or specific content of this identification may be modified, this will in no way affect the basic principle of its use as an original element for certification of citizenship and eligibility to vote.

FIGS. 2 and 2A represent a composite voter's Identification Card which is provided by the subordinate political entity (state, county, etc.) to the voter at the time of registration. This card is intended to replace the present voter's registration certificate. This Voter Identification Card utilizes the original U. S. Citizen identification card, 1, and is enclosed and sealed in a suitable transparent, preferably plastic, frame 2, which also contains additional information 3 relating to the State, County and Precinct Number in which the voter resides as well as the voter's name and address, and his registration number. The latter data, 3, may be on a separate card or made as part of Card 1 and inserted into the frame 2; alternatively this data 3 may be made inscribed on the frame 2 proper. The name, address and registration number of the voter must be provided in such manner, preferably but not exclusively by raised letters on the plastic so that printing thereof may be possible.

Besides the written reference material, the frame 2 is provided with indexed mounting holes 4, and suitable notches 5 around its periphery; - the matrix combination of mounting holes and notches being made to identify a specific precinct in which the voter resides and where the voter will exercise his vote. In the form shown the approximate overall dimensions of the frame are made to be suitable for wallet use, but are not exclusive to these. The indicated notches and mounting holes are shown as examples and may vary as to location, number, and character to suit given conditions.

For convenience and further quick identification of the state in which the voter is registered, the card - or portion of the card or frame on which the state information is supplied, - may be made in various colors or combination of colors.

Thus, the Voter's Identification Card - FIG. 2 - is a complete identification as to citizenship - use of photo, - residence, - voter registration, - and precinct in which the voter resides and may vote. The voter uses this card when he appears to vote.

The nature of this Identification Card is such that the voter can be identified easily and, hence, the possibility of fraudulent representation is reduced to a minimum.

It may be noted that in certain introductory stages compromises may be devised as to content and form of the Voter Identification Card. This, however, in no way contravenes or departs from the basic concept of the use of an adequate identification card for the voter.

When a voter presents himself at the voting poll, he identifies himself to the poll attendant by presenting his Voter Identification Card - FIG. 2. At this point only one poll attendant is required (instead of the current use of four or five attendants). Thus, an immediate economy is affected.

The poll attendant - who has a list of the voters in this precinct provided to him by the voter registrar office - simply checks off - as a convenience - the voter's name - and directs the voter to a specific booth. The attendant presses a button on his Booth Selector - FIG. 8 - (the details of which will be described hereinafter) - which allows the voter to enter the booth, register, and vote.

Upon entry into the voting booth, the voter places his Voter Identification Card - (FIG. 2) - on the Voter Registration Machine shown - FIG. 3 - in a manner described thereinafter. A particular form of the Voter Registration Machine is shown in FIG. 3. Various other forms and designs may be made to fulfill the requisite and described functions. These variations, however, in no way contravene or depart from the basic concept of the invention.

The Voter Registration Machine - FIG. 3 - is equipped with suitable pins 6 and 6A whose disposition form a pattern that corresponds to the pattern of indexing in FIG. 2; the particular pattern of pins being made exclusive for a specific precinct.

The Voter Identification Card - FIG. 2 - is placed on the Voter Registration Machine - FIG. 3 - over the pins 6 and 6A. In doing so, the acceptance of the card - FIG. 2 - by the machine is an additional confirmation of the voter's right to vote in the specific precinct. In the given position, the portion of the card - FIG. 2 - that contains the voter's name and address (and possibly voter's number) automatically locates itself in the window 7 beneath which is located a paper 8 that is released from roll 9, at a programmed point, by means of motor 10; the paper is taken up onto roll 11.

When the poll attendant depresses the selector button on the booth selector machine - (the selector button being represented by the switch 12 in FIG. 3) - the electromagnet 13 - FIG. 3 - is energized which activates armature 14 and causes pawl 15 to disengage from armature 16. Armature 14 is integral with pawl 15 and operates about pivot 17. Engagement between pawl 15 and armature 16 is maintained by spring 18.

Armature 16 is integral with platten 19 which is provided with a suitable handle as part of 19. A suitable pad 20 is affixed to platen 19. The platen assembly pivots about a shaft 21.

As the voter places the Voter Identification Card (FIG. 2) on the Voter Registration Machine (FIG. 3) as described above, and when the armature 16 is released from pawl 15, the voter depresses the platen assembly by means of the platen handle 19 to the operating position as shown in dotted form.

In the operating position platen 19 is engaged behind pawl 22 and is held in place. In this position the pad 20 depresses the Voter Identification Card (FIG. 2) at the area of the voter's name, address and serial number, and imprints this data on the paper 8. Simultaneously, the platen depresses plunger 27 operating against spring 28 and guided in slot 29. The depression of plunger 27 closes the contact 30 and 30 A.

As will be shown hereinafter in the composite circuit diagram, - FIG. 12, - contact 30 permits the voter to register his vote upon selection of his voting choice. Thus, registration of the voter is automatically assured by the voter's proper registration of identification and a record of identification is secured. This record is completely independent of the voter's selection of his vote, - and no interrelation between the vote and identification of voter exists. This assures security and secrecy of voter's choice of ballot.

At this point the final and complete functioning of the Voter's Identification Machine - FIG. 3 - can be detailed while deferring a description of its programmed interconnected function in the system in connection with the outline of the composite circuit diagram FIG. 12.

Simultaneously with contact 30, contact 30A is also closed; - the latter provides a signal to the poll attendant that the booth is in operation and occupied.

Upon completion of the vote by the voter, and its automatic registration, - as will be subsequently described, - the circuit programming is such that the totalizing machine - FIG. 18 - which is detailed hereinafter - energizes the electromagnet 25 through closing of the contact 26; - this activates the armature 23 which is integral with the pawl 22 and pivoted about the shaft 24, - the pawl-armature assembly being normally held in locked-in position against the platen 19 by means of spring 31. Activation of the armature 23 releases the platen 19 from engagement with the pawl 22 and platen 19 returns to its original position by means of spring 32 - or optionally it may be returned by hand - until it is re-engaged with pawl 15. As the platen is released from engagement with pawl 22, the contact 30 is broken - thus, no further registration can be made - and motor 10 carries through the paper 8 so that the imprinted voter's name and address is removed from the open window and a new clear paper area is prepared for the next voter.

The paper 8 has perforated holes 33, - on either or both sides, - by means of which a sprocket wheel 34 is driven which in turn moves an electrical wiper 35 around a circular contact 36. The wiper 35 and sprocket wheel 34 are coaxially and rigidly mounted on a shaft 37. The function of the sprocket-contact assembly is to meter the amount of paper to be moved for the following registration. The length of paper can be ascertained by the movement of the arm 35 for (360-X) degrees - the X quantity being a "dead" or disconnected area.

The movement of the paper is reasonably controlled by a clutch-brake device 38 mounted on the motor frame coaxially with the motor shaft. Thus, when the motor 10 and clutch-solenoid 38 are activated by contact 39 - the latter closing when armature assembly 22-23 is activated - and further held activated by contact 35-36 - the clutch engages the driving shaft 40 and continues to drive the paper.

When, however, the contact 39 is broken and subsequently contact at 35-36 is also broken, the clutch-brake is released from the motor and instantly provides a brake on the shaft to thus holding it in place and allowing the motor 10 to coast to a standstill.

The voter then removes his Voter Identification Card and departs.

FIG. 8 represents the attendant's booth selector device. In its simplest form it comprises a suitable box 41 onto which is mounted a panel 42, the latter carrying a series of buttons 43 each of which activates a contact 12 - (this contact also shown in FIG. 3). Corresponding to each button-switch assembly is a signal light 44 that indicates occupancy of a booth when contact 30A is closed as described above for FIG. 3. The number of buttons-switch-light combinations on each panel corresponds to the number of booths available at each polling place.

Thus, the poll attendant can control the assignment of a booth, - the use of the booth, - and the prevention of illicit repeat voting.

FIG. 4 is an illustration of a Voting Panel. The actual disposition, - number of voting conditions, and proportions of the panel may vary under different circumstances without circumventing or departing from the basic concepts of this invention.

In its general form the voting panel provides for;

a. the selection of candidates for office - where two candidates are automatically elected representing a certain political party. For example, president and vice president, - or governor and lieutenant governor for a given political party. These are indicated in positions 1 and 2 on the panel (FIG. 4).

b. the selection of a candidate for a single office where a number of candidates may be competing for the same office; - for example - a senator, a member of state assembly, - etc. The candidates for this office are represented by positions 4 to 12 to n - (any number) on the panel (FIG. 4).

c. the selection of several (2 or more) candidates for several open offices for which a greater number of candidates compete than there are open offices; - for example - city supervisors, - certain commissions, - etc. The selections for these offices are exemplified by positions 21 to 27 to n (any number) on the panel (FIG. 4).

d. the approval or disapproval of presented issues on which the voter may express his will by voting "Yes" or "No." Such issues may be of national, state, or local importance. These may include for example, - certain bond issues, - issues relating to salaries of officials, - school, hospital or general maintenance issues, etc. These are represented by positions 51-52 - - - n, - 62-63 - - - n, - 71-73 - - - n - - - , on voting panel (FIG. 4).

e. the approval of a single presented candidate for a single office where no other candidates are available and hence no choice presented to a voter. This frequently occurs in the case of judgeships or similar offices. These offices are represented in positions 31 to 34 to n (any number of offices), where each position is for an independent and singular office and only one candidate shown for this office.

The above presentations are presented as examples of possible categories and are not exclusive thereto. Various categories for voting may be presented to the voter in various ways, and the panel arrangement may be made in any convenient form to specific desired conditions without circumvening or departing from the scope and the intent of invention. The specific advantageous features relating to the voting panel are discussed hereinafter.

Position 3 on the Voting Panel (FIG. 4) - represents a means for optional "write-in" vote for candidates. A form of this device and method is detailed hereinafter in FIG. 13.

Item 45 (shown in FIG. 4) indicates a form of "vote-selector" device which is placed opposite each candidate, and which the voter uses for his vote for any candidate he selects. In its simplest form, but not exclusively, the "vote-selector" device is a typical electrical push button contact in combination with (or in separate form) a signal light indicating the voter's selection. Item 45 is made typical for any number of such positions as may be found necessary in a given situation. The "vote-selector" device is further detailed in FIG. 23, and described hereinafter.

Item 46, - (Shown in FIG. 4), - indicates a form of "vote-selector" device which is placed opposite each issue, and by means of which the voter exercises his selection as to a "YES" or "NO" vote on the specific issue. In its simplest form, but not exclusively, the "vote-selector" device (Item 46) is a typical electrical two-position switch in combination with (or in separate form) a signal light indicating the voter choice. Item 46 is made typical for any number of such positions of issues as may be found necessary in a given situation. This "vote-selector" device is further detailed in FIG. 15 and described hereinafter.

Item 47 - (schematically shown in FIG. 4) - is the final "vote" device that the voter uses to register his vote. In essence item 42 is a form of electrical self-resetting contact whose details are described hereinafter in FIG. 16, and whose position in the system is indicated in the composite schematic wiring diagram - FIG. 12.

Item 48 - (schematically shown in FIG. 4) - represents an interconnect between positions 1, 2, and 3 - the interconnecting mechanism intended to be behind the panel and not available to the voter's view. A form of such basic mechanism is shown in FIG. 13 and description thereof included hereinafter. The intent of this interlocking mechanism is to prevent invalidation of the voter's vote. In the given case the voter is given only one choice, out of, say, three, - i.e., either of the two (as indicated) political parties or a "write-in" vote. Should the voter, for example, press the button for position 1, and then, either thru error or intent, press button for position 2 then the button 1 will disconnect to original position and its signal light will extinguish. Similarly, should the voter, for example, press the button for position 2 and then open the cover in position 3 for a "write-in" (in accordance with the manner hereinafter described) then the button 2 will disconnect and retain the original position and its signal light will extinguish.

Item 50 - (schematically shown in FIG. 4) - represents an interlocking device which permits the voter to select one candidate out of a larger group of competing candidates and where a "write-in" mechanism may or may not be provided. As in the previous case, the intent is to permit the voter to make his singular choice while at the same time preventing the invalidation of his vote. This device is similar to that shown in FIG. 13.

Item 49 - (schematically shown in FIG. 4) - represents an interlocking device which permits the voter to make a selection of two (or more) candidates - as stipulated - from a larger number of available candidates. A form of such basic mechanism is shown in FIG. 14 and pertinent description thereof included accordingly. Assuming, - for example, - that in the given category three candidates are to be selected out of a group of seven contending candidates. When the voter selects three or less candidates his vote is valid and he can proceed with his vote. If, however, the voter selects three candidates - i.e., he depresses three buttons, - and then, - either by accident or design, - he depresses a fourth button, the last action will then automatically reject the first three buttons to the original position extinguishing simultaneously the corresponding signal lights, and the voter can then resume making his voting selection. The voter is also presented with the option of being able to withdraw any one of his previously set group of buttons if he finds that such setting may be an error of judgement or the preference for another candidate.

Thus, it is evident, that in each of the above cases the voter is given ample freedom to properly make his selection, to correct any error he may have made, to correct for any preference he may have, and to see and examine precisely the complete "ballot" that satisfies his wish, - without invalidating his vote, - before he presses the "vote" button item 47. The actual vote is completely secret, and the panel settings are completely automatically cleared before the voter accepts his card.

The voting procedure thus established for the voter in this invention is simple, - devoid of unnecessary paper, - fool proof as regards to accuracy, - devoid of possibility of an invalid vote, - it is quick, - and the voter is completely unaware of the automatic mechanisms that are used for totaling and/or recording of the vote, or the sequences that clear the voting mechanisms for the following voter. A clear analysis of the voting procedure will accompany the detail for FIG. 9, discussed later.

Forms of implementation of the various positions that have been schematically indicated in FIG. 4 are presented in the following. It must be indicated that these forms are pertinent in the functions they perform in the system; - they may vary however in the detail of final mechanical formulation. Thus, they are presented as examples in an overall functioning system.

FIG. 13 is a detail of a functioning device represented schematically as items 45 and 48 in FIG. 4. This device shows the vote selector units in combination with an interlocking mechanism and a write-in system. The interlocking mechanism is such that it permits only one voting choice out of several possibilities; - in the example shown - two direct presented possibilities and one write-in possibility; - only one of the three being acceptable for a vote.

In FIG. 13, - item 45 is the voting selector button - typical for the various positions - and is the same as represented in FIG. 4. Item 52 is the typical signal lamp for each voting position which is covered by a suitable lens 53. Positions 1, 2, and 3 in FIG. 13 correspond to positions 1, 2, and 3 shown in FIG. 4. The voting buttons 45, the lamps 52 and lenses 53 as well as the associated mechanisms are all supported on the voting panel 54 (also shown in FIG. 4).

Each button 45 is affixed to one end of a stem 55, the other extreme of which is attached to a tapered tip 56. The button assembly is retained to a fixed outer position by means of a collar 57 and spring 58. In this position the lamp 52 is extinguished.

When one, for example, of the button assemblies is first depressed - at the voter's option - the tapered portion 56 enters a hole of a split plate 59-60 (shown in greater detail in FIG. 13A). One half of the split plate 59 is held rigidly in the housing 61 and serves the purpose of a back-up guide for the entering tapers; block 61 is also supported on the panel 54. The other half of the split plate 60 is free to move linearly in grooves 62 in the housing 61. The movement of plate 60 is restrained by means of a spring 63. Thus, when the first button assembly is fully depressed plate 60 is moved linearly to allow the taper 56 to pass thru fully, - and when passed the spring 63 causes the plate 60 to return to the original position thus holding the button in the depressed position by means of interference on the back of the taper. In this depressed position the tip of 56 causes the electrical contacts 64 and 65 to close (normally these contacts are open). In the depressed position of the button assembly contact 64 energizes the corresponding signal lamp 52, while contact 65 closes a necessary circuit on the vote totalizing and/or recording circuit as will be more evident in connection with the wiring diagram shown in FIG. 12.

If, however, either by design or accident the voter depresses a second button - (say position 2) - the latter will fully perform as in the first instance; however, in doing so it opens the split hole on the first button disengaging plate 60 from the first button assembly and causing spring 58 on the first button assembly to return it to the open position.

Thus, only one of the several indicated positions can be made valid and effective in the selected vote.

In the schematic representation item 48 FIG. 4 is shown as being interconnected with position 3 - FIG. 4, the latter being described as a provision for a "write-in" position. Position 3 in FIG. 13 describes a form of this "write-in" implementation.

As the button assembly of position 3 - FIG. 13 - is depressed it performs all the functions, and subject to the same response, as the button assemblies of positions 1 and 2. In addition, however, button assembly in position 3 is mechanically engaged with the write-in mechanism as follows.

As the voter button assembly in position 3 is depressed it additionally moves a link 64A which is attached to a pin 65A that is guided in a suitable hole 66 in a fixed block. The link 64A is advanced by means of the collar 57 on the button assembly in position 3. When the button assembly is in the fully depressed position - (i.e., vote position) - pin 65A is disengaged from pin 67, - the latter being rigidly attached to the shaft 68 which is rigidly locked to a door 69. Door 69 covers an opening 70 in panel 54 and the door 69 is held in the cover position by means of spring 71.

In the normal non-voting position the button assembly is in the outer position and hence pin 65A is locked behind pin 67 thus disallowing door 69 to open. However, in the depressed button assembly position the engagement between the pins 65A and 67 is removed thus allowing the door 69 to open making the opening 70 open to the voter thru which he can "write-in" his choice on the paper 72, one or both sides of which are perforated 73 to drive a suitable sprocket metering wheel 74 - which determines the length of paper to be moved so as to clear the recorded vote from the opening and make the clear paper available to the next voter. During the write-in period the voter holds the door 69 open by hand; - as he completes his write-in he releases the door and the door closes.

The drive mechanism for the paper is similar to that described in connection with FIG. 3. The paper passes unidirectionally between two drums - 81 and 82 - one of which is a supply roll while the other is a take up roll. Drum 82 is coupled coaxially on shaft 80 to clutch-brake 78 and motor 79 and is driven by them.

The metering sprocket wheel 74 is coupled to an electrical wiper 76 thru shaft 75; the wiper 76 traverses in electrical contact over a sector 77 which is arranged to cover an angle of (360-x).degree. - the segment x constituting an electrically disconnected area. The motor, clutch-brake, and circular contact are electrically interconnected thru a switch 83 to the power source. When the switch 83 is temporarily closed the clutch and motor are energized and drive the paper as well as the sprocket wheel. At some point the contact 76-77 takes over as the switch 83 is released - the motor thus continuing to advance the paper until the wiper 76 comes into the dead area of contact 77 thus power on the motor and clutch are interrupted - the clutch release then acts as a brake on the drum 82 stopping the advance of the paper instantly while allowing the motor to coast to a halt.

The location of switch 83 is also shown in FIG. 13A and its function is therefore tied to completion of the totalizing process of the vote as will be seen in the wiring diagram FIG. 12.

Attached to the plate 60 is the core 84 of a solenoid consisting of shell 88 and coil 87. When the coil is energized the core 84 "lifts" the plate 60 thus releasing all buttons. Simultaneously core 84 exerts a force on the contacts 83 and 86 thru the medium of stem 85. Under this action contact 83 is closed and contact 86 closes one side and opens the other. The function of contact 83 is described above while that of 86 is interconnected in the system as shown in the wiring diagram FIG. 12 and serves as an element in the totalizing process. As the coil 87 is energized the solenoid opens plate 60 and thus the vote and totalization thereof is completed and the button assemblies are restored to the original position.

The schematic interconnection shown in FIG. 4 as item 50 indicates an interlock between positions 4 thru 12 to n positions. In this case it is intended to secure the selection of a single candidate out of potential multiple candidates where "write-in" is not presupposed. Essentially this may be achieved with the same mechanism as shown in FIG. 13 - the mechanism being provided for the available number of candidates - without the use - however - of the write-in mechanism. Various modifications and arrangements of the mechanism may be made or substituted without departing from the essence of the invention that provides for a suitable interlock that will prevent invalidating a vote.

The schematic interconnection 49 shown in FIG. 4 indicates an interlock for positions 21 to 27 to N where two or more individual candidates are to be selected for a given post. Let us assume the total number of candidates for the given positions to be N from which n number (2 or more) are to be selected in the vote. Correspondingly these are N number of button assemblies.

One form of implementation of this condition is shown in FIG. 14 and 14A. In this Figure the following items are similar to those shown in FIG. 13. Panel 54, - button 45, - spring 58, - signal lamp 52, - lens 53, - stem 55, - and collar 57. FIG. 14A is a projection of the sub-panel assembly discussed hereafter.

Attached to stem 55 is a cylinder 89 that operates in a hole 90 of sub-panel 91, which is suitably affixed also to the basic panel 54.

Sub-panel 91 carries a number of pawls 92 that are pivoted on 93. Springs 94 are attached to the pawls 92 and to the sub-panel and hold the pawls in a given position with reference to the sliding member 96 by means of pins 95 that are rigidly attached to 96. An oval slot 98 is provided in the sliding member, 96, thru which a close pin 97 is projected; the pin 97 being rigidly attached to the sub-plate 91. The sliding member 96 is further guided in its motion by means of guides 103 that are fixed to the sub-plate. The motion of the sliding member 96 is limited by the long length of the oblong hole 98.

Attached to one end of the sliding member is a pin 99 over which is loosely fitted an arm 101 which is pivoted on a pivot 100 that is affixed to the sub-panel 91. A spring 102 is attached to the arm 101 and to the sub-panel. Thus, the spring 102 holds the sliding arm at one end of the oblong hole 98 and in such manner that when the button assembly is in the out position the pawl 92 is in contact with the surface of the cylinder 89; - further when the button assembly is fully depressed pawl 92 engages with the back side of the cylinder 89 and holds the button assembly in the depressed - hence vote - position.

A solenoid core 104 as well as a pin 108 are attached to the opposite end of the sliding member 96. The core 104 is movable in the solenoid frame 105 and coil assemblies 106 and 107 - all of which make up the solenoid. The core will pull on the sliding member when either or both coils 106 and 107 are energized. During this motion pin 108 will activate the SPDT switch 109 so that one contact closes while the other opens.

A measuring circuit is made as an accessory element to the mechanism. This measuring circuit consists of N number of resistors, 113, each of which has a value of r - each resistor operating in conjunction with a given button assembly (vote point). All of the N resistors are connected in series, and further in series with coil 106 and the entire circuit is connected to a power source whose voltage is E.

Each button assembly activates three SPST switches 110, 111, 112 in such manner that when the button assembly is fully depressed the three switches will be closed - (contacts made).

Switch 110 is connected across a corresponding resistor r - and when closed it shorts out this resistor.

Switch 111 is connected in the totalizing circuit and is directed to the totalizing function as will be further evident in FIG. 12.

Switch 112 when closed energizes the signal light.

As each button assembly is depressed - (in the vote position) the total resistance of the measuring circuit is reduced by a value r correspondingly increasing the circuit current I.

The operating conditions of the circuit and mechanism can therefore be established as follows:

Let:

N = total number of position resistors - corresponding to the total number of candidates.

n = the maximum number of available positions to which candidates may be elected - i.e., less than

N; - hence correspondingly maximum number of allowable vote selections - or maximum number of button assemblies that can be depressed.

R = resistance of coil 106.

r = resistance of each section resistor.

Hence the normal steady current "I" - when all button assemblies are in the "out" positions is

I = E/Nr+R

The maximum allowable current prior to activating the core 104 is

I.sub.A = E/(N-n)r+R

The minimum current that will activate the core 104 (i. e., one position above the allowable n positions) is

I.sub.T =E/[(N-n)r+R] -r

and the circuit conditions are adjusted to meet this requirement.

Thus, for example, if there are 7 candidates from which any two may be selected by the voter as his choice, - a valid vote will be obtained. If, however, by design or accident the voter presses a third button, then the coil 106 will activate the core and release all previous choices. The voter can then proceed to make his final selection.

Coil 107 will activate the core when the vote is complete and thus restore all buttons to the original position. This is accomplished thru the overall totalizing and operating circuit as well as switch 109, as will be further shown in FIG. 12.

The schematic positions 31 to 34 to N in FIG. 4 do not require interlocking. Each position can be voted upon independently.

In this case the implementation shown in FIGS. 14 and 14A minus the measuring system would apply. Specifically, the following items would be deleted from FIGS. 14 and 14A for this condition - contact 110, - resistors 113, - coil 106. Thus, this condition for voting would be satisfied.

Item 46 in FIG. 4 indicates the special case of a mode of voting on issues where a "Yes" or "no" vote is required. These are indicated in positions 51-52-N, or 62-63-N, or 71-72-73-N.

The implementation of this requirement is illustrated by examplary mechanism in FIGS. 15 and 15A.

In FIGS. 15 and 15A, - four normally open SPST switches 115, 116, 117, 118 are activated by the arm 119 which is attached to shaft 120, - the actuation occuring when the arm 119 is deflected by means of the knob 145 which is in front of the voting panel 54. The knob 145 is the means that is available to the voter for his vote selection.

In FIGS. 15 and 15A the following items are similar or the same as indicated in FIGS. 13 and 14: Panel 54; - signal lights 52; - lenses 53.

In FIGS. 15 and 15A the arm 119 and knob 145 and eccentric 121 are all rigidly attached to the shaft 120. Normally (in non-voting) position the assembly is held in neutral position by means of the spring members 122 to which are attached suitable tips 123. In the neutral position all of the switches 115, 116, 117, and 118 are open and the signal lights are extinguished, while the operating knob 145 is midway between the "YES" and "NO" positions on the panel 54.

Two pawls 124 and 126 are pivoted freely about their respective pivots 125 and 127 which are supported on a sub-base panel 114, the latter being supported to the rear of the voting panel 54. A spring 145A joins the two pawls 124 and 126 and thus the pawl tips are in constant contact with the eccentric 121.

At the opposite ends of the pawl members 124 and 126 are oblong slots 130 and 131 respectively thru which protrude the pins 128 and 129 respectively, the latter being rigidly attached to the reset arms 132 and 133 which are pivoted freely about pivots 134 and 135 respectively, the pivots being rigidly affixed to the sub-plate 114. The opposite ends of the reset arms are freely pivoted about the pivots 137 and 136 respectively, both of which are rigidly attached to the actuating arm 138 which in itself, is freely pivoted about the pivot 139 - the latter being rigidly attached to the sub-panel 114.

A solenoid core 141 is freely attached to the actuating arm 138 by means of a pin 140. A spring 144 is attached to the actuating arm 138 and to the base panel 141, - thus holding the reset arms and core in neutral position normally. Besides the core 141 the solenoid is composed of a housing 142 and exciting coil 143. When the actuating arm is deflected it operates the SPDT switch 151 opening one contact and closing the other.

A means is provided to the voter for correcting his choice in case of accidental or inconsiderate choice. This accomplished by means of a twist of reset arm 148 which in turn causes pawl 146 to depress the reset arm 138 thru the member 152 which is guided in guides 150. The pawl 146 and the arm 148 as well as spring 149 are attached to the shaft 147, - the spring being held taut by attachment to the sub-panel 114. The spring thus assures the return and positioning of the reset arm 148 and its assembly to the neutral position.

When a voter selects his preference on any issue he turns the knob 145 to either the "YES" or "NO" position as his choice may be. This automatically will close a pair of contacts - either 116 and 118 or 115 and 117. In doing so the corresponding pawls 124 or 126 will retain this vote selection in position until the vote is completed. In this condition one of the switches (either 115 or 116) will illuminate one of the signal lights - indicating the voter's choice. The other switches (either 117 or 118) will close a circuit on the totalizer which will register the voter's choice.

The solenoid coil 143 as well as the switch 151 are connected into the general performance circuit which register the vote and clears the panel, - the general circuit being shown in FIG. 12. As the solenoid coil 143 is energized the pawls 124 and 126 release the eccentric 121 and the assembly returns to the normal position. The solenoid is then deenergized thru the operating circuitry in which switch 151 is interconnected.

Item 47 in FIG. 4 shows schematically a button entitled "VOTE". The voter presses this button after he makes the complete selection of his choices and is satisfied therewith. When this button is pressed to its full position the circuit FIG. 12 automatically completes the voter's count and/or voter's record and automatically resets the entire voting panel and voter's registration to normal.

A form of implementation of this button is shown in FIG. 16. In this Figure a number of items are similar or equal to the components shown in FIGS. 13, 14 and 15 and perform similar functions. They are therefore numbered to the same numbers as previously used. These common parts are as follows: Button 45, - stem 55, - collar 57, - cylinder 89, - spring 58, - voters panel 54, - signal light 52, - lens 53, -

The cylinder 89 is guided in a hole in sub-panel 153 which is supported on back of panel 54. A pawl 154Ais freely pivoted about a pivot 155A- the latter being affixed to the sub-panel 153. A spring 156 is attached to the pawl 154Aand to the sub-panel 153 and thus assures the contact between the pawl 154Aand the cylinder 89. A link 163A joins the pawl 154Ato the solenoid core 157. The solenoid is composed of the core 157, - housing 158 and energizing coil 159. By means of the link 160, - which is attached to the core 157, when the coil is energized the core actuates the two normally open SPST switches 161 and 162. Both of these switches, as well as the solenoid are connected into the operating circuit FIG. 12.

When the button 45 is depressed it automatically activates the switches 154 and 155 thru the stem 163. One of the switches - 155 - is connected in the operating circuit which provides the power to the circuit and initiates the entire process of vote totalizing and/or recording, and subsequent clearing of the voting panel and voter's registration mechanism. The other switch - 154 - energizes the corresponding signal light that is illuminated during the period of the functioning of the operating circuit FIG. 12.

At an appropriate time point in the operating circuit the coil 159 is energized causing the core 157 to pull on the pawl 154 thus releasing the entire button assembly to normal position at which time the circuit to the solenoid is likewise interrupted and the entire system restored to normal. The vote now being complete.

The precinct totalizing system consists of four sections, all of which may be incorporated into one unit exemplified by FIG. 5 - Totalizing Machine. The sections include:

a. Vote accumulating and selector panel FIG. 17

b. Selector totalizing drum FIG. 18

c. Vote totalizing panel-counters FIG. 19

d. Counter printing mechanism FIG. 20.

The vote accumulating and selector panel - FIG. 17 - consists of a mounting panel 164 on which are mounted groups of relays typified by coil 165 and SPST contact 166. Each relay represents a candidate or issue.

The relays are mounted on the panel in groups. Each group represents X-number of candidates and issues derived from a given voting booth. For convenience - though not essential - the number of potential votes is placed horizontally - representing a group. All groups are placed vertically - so that the same vote selection in each group is directly above each other vertically - to Y number of groups - i.e., from Y number of booths.

This arrangement - though not exclusive - provides an easy method for interconnecting the relays between groups.

The number of relays required for the panel is therefore equal to XY.

As can be seen all votes from the different booths for the same candidate or the same issue are interconnected. Therefore, the number of wires directed from the selector panel to the totalizing drum FIG. 18 equals the number of candidates and issues that are presented. The drum merely selects each group successively and causes the totalizer counters to add the corresponding votes.

The interconnection and direction of the wiring is indicated in FIG. 17. The contacts 166 close for each relay for which a vote is selected by the voter.

A form of selector totalizing drum is delineated in FIGS. 18 and 18A.

The totalizing drum consists of an insulating cylinder 167 around the circumference of which are conducting bands 168, each of which is connected to corresponding conducting segments 169 and 170. Each band and segment combination represents a given voting booth. Hence, the drum contains as many band and segment combinations as there are voting booths whose total vote it is desired to totalize.

The two segments connected to each band are displaced from each other by an angle t.sub.1.

Each segment 169 is displaced from the corresponding segment on the next band by an angle t.sub.2.

The angular displacements t.sub.1 and t.sub.2 are determined by the conditions and constants of the drum and circuitry.

In addition to the booth bands (168) - one additional conducting band 171 with appended segments 172 is placed around the drum. The number of segments 172 is equal to the number of booth bands 168 that are available on the drum. The displacement of the segments 172 between each other is equal to t.sub.2 ; and the segments 172 are aligned with the segments 169.

The drum is mounted on a shaft 173 that is supported in bearings 174. Attached to the shaft is a suitable motor 175 that drives the drum continuously and unidirectionally, the motor being supplied from a suitable source of power.

In contact with each booth band is a stationary brush 177. Adjacent to this brush are placed two additional brushes 176 and 178 that contact the segments 169 and 170 respectively as the drum is rotated in the direction as shown. Obviously as the drum rotates brush 176 contacts segment 169 first; at a time interval t.sub.1 brush 178 contacts segment 170. The corresponding contacts on the next band are made after the preceding contacts have been broken.

The band 171 is contacted continuously by the stationary brush 179. Adjacent to it is the brush 180 which successively contacts and breaks contact with each segment 172 as the drum rotates as shown.

Brush 177 is connected to the booth battery - minus. Brush 176 is directed to the relays in the particular group and makes possible for the selected relays (selected by the voter's choice) to pass an operating signal to the respective counters adding each vote as the drum passes the segment-brush contact.

Brush 178 is directed to the vote button solenoid and thru the circuitry is held until the vote is totalized and/or recorded, then the panel is cleared.

It is evident from FIGS. 18 and 18A, and the descriptions relating thereto that

a. brush 176 closes the relay circuits for the totalizing counters and are held pending release as follows.

b. After a time element of t.sub.2 - t.sub.1, at the indicated direction of rotation, brush 178 being directed to the vote button solenoid and energizes the solenoid so that the vote button and the voting panel can be released. Thus brush 178 holds the solenoid for the duration of contact, the entire panel is restored to normal status when the circuit is interrupted as the drum advances further.

The connection of brush 178 to the vote button solenoid 158 is indicated in FIG. 12.

Brushes 179 and 180 are used in the circuit to assure consecutive operation of the totalizing process as the vote is accumulated from a number of booths.

FIG. 18 is an isometric view of the drum with its associated components and the brushes and motor elements.

FIG. 18A is a development of the drum for clarity.

In both cases, the relative disposition of the bands and segments is indicated. Only a few bands are shown. These can be extended to X number of bands corresponding to a corresponding number of booths.

The mode of vote totalizing is illustrated in FIG. 19. A suitable panel 181 supports all of the digital electromechanical counters required for the number of candidates and issues in question. Each counter represents a given candidate for a specific office, or a given direction for an issue.

The typical counter 182 is mounted on the panel in such manner that the numerals project beyond the surface of the panel in order to make these adequate for printing. Each counter is equipped with its respective operating solenoid 183 that advances the counter one digit for each impulse received. The solenoids are connected as shown and as such are incorporated into the system.

FIG. 19 shows a partial number of potential counters that may be used. Their disposition on the panel is optional and may be arranged to any convenient consideration in the given situation.

A front view of the partial panel of FIG. 19 together with associated counters that complete the desired information is further shown in FIG. 6.

FIG. 20 and 20A show a form (though not exclusive) for recording the registrations of the totalizing counters. Numerous modifications and designs may be made available for this recording, - these in no way can be considered as contravening the intent and scope of this invention in obtaining instantaneous, accurate, secret, and tamperproof totals of the obtained vote.

In FIGS. 20 and 20A the counter panel 181 and the typical counters 182 are the same as shown in FIG. 19 - and hence the same item numbers represent them.

The panel 181 with its counters is located in a suitable box 184 and the total box assembly placed in a suitable box-like housing 185, and suitably retained therein.

Placed in front of the counter panel - and a very small distance away from it to allow for insertion of a suitable card - is a platten consisting of a solid plate 187 and a resilient pad 188. The platten is free to move in a forward and reverse direction and is guided by the guides 186.

In back of the solid plate 187, a suitable cylinder 190 is eccentrically rigidly mounted on a shaft 189 which is supported in the frame 185. On the exterior of the frame 185 the shaft 189 is projected to receive a handle 191 which is made rigid with the shaft.

Normally, the cylinder 190 is located so that its minor radius contacts the plate 187. Continuous contact between the cylinder 190 and the plate 187 is made possible by the compression springs 194. In the normal position of the cylinder 190 and platten - 187, 188 - a gap is available between the pad 188 and the counter numerals.

A record of the registration of the totalizing counters is obtained by inserting a suitable card 193 with a carbon 192 into the gap between the counters and the pad 188. By turning the handle 191 in a direction so that the eccentric cylinder 190 pushes on the platten 187 until a carbon impression is obtained of the digital numbers of the counters. As the handle 191 is either released or returned to normal the springs 194 push the platten back to normal position. The card and carbon can then be removed with a complete record obtained of the vote registration. Each counter and its position on the recorded card being suitably identified for each candidate or issue.

The construction of the recording mechanism shown in FIG. 20 and 20A, is made in a manner as to prevent possibility of tampering with the digital counters. Accessibility to the counter faces is made impossible because of the narrow gap and because the platten is not removable from the assembly.

Many design forms of the total precinct registration vote are feasible that will achieve the same result.

One alternative may provide for a horizontally mounted digital panel - - - in which the roller 190 rolls over the card and carbon 191-192.

The essential direction of this invention is that a simultaneous record is obtained of the totalized precinct vote at any time - and especially at the close of the voting time. This record being made by a machine which is tamper-proof, accurate, secret, and not related to the particular voter.

The panel 181 includes other counters besides the totalizing counters 182 described above - although all counters are identical in design.

A more comprehensive view of the data presented on the card when the vote totals are obtained is shown in FIG. 6.

In FIG. 6 a partial number of totalizing counters 182 are shown on panel 181 and are identified to the exact position as shown on the voting panel FIG. 4. Each identified counter, therefore, represents the total vote for any candidate or issue preference obtainable at any moment as accumulated over any voting time (or at the end of the voting period).

Additional necessary information is obtained by the following counters shown as mounted on the basic panel 181.

Precinct No. - counter 195. This counter is preset and fixed.

Machine No. - Counter 196. This refers to the totalizing machine. The number is preset and fixed.

Date - counter 197. This refers to the date of voting. The date is preset and fixed.

Time of Day - counter 198. This counter is driven by a preferred time mechanism installed on back of panel.

Total Vote - counter 199. This counter totalizes the total vote in the precinct up to any voting period and total at the end of the voting period.

Certification. This is a space reserved for signature of the personnel obtaining the card record.

Although the major subassemblies used in the totalizing process have been separately described as to implementation and function, it may be desirable, as a matter of convenience, though not essential in relation to the basic intent and scope of this invention, to combine these in one assembly. Thus, FIG. 5 identifies one form, though not exclusive, of such affirmation.

In FIG. 5 - a suitable box 201 contains within it the counter panel - indicated as 181.

The vote accumulating and selector panel - FIG. 17, - the selector totalizing drum - FIG. 18, - the vote totalizing panel - FIG. 19 and FIG. 6, - are all contained internally within the box 201. The card record mechanism FIG. 20 is visible. Also the card for recording - (Items 192-193 FIG. 20A) is likewise visible.

All of the wiring is made internally, and a connector 202 with an appropriate cable 203 containing the necessary wires is provided for interconnection to the rest of the system.

Similarly, the voting panel and all its individual accessories have been separately described as to implementation and function. It may also be found desirable, as a matter of convenience, though not essential in relation to the intent and scope of this invention, to combine all of these in one assembly. Thus, FIG. 9 offers one mode, - though not exclusive, - for such combination.

In FIG. 9 the voting panel with all its accessory implementation is mounted onto a special cabinet 204 which also contains the voter's registration device.

The accessories mounted on back of the voting panel include:

a. Vote selector and interlocking mechanisms FIGS. 13, 14, and 15 with all signal lights and buttons.

b. The vote button - FIG. 16 -

The cabinet 204 is equipped with a suitable connector 205 and a cable 206 with adequate number of wires, - to enable it to be interconnected into the general totalizing and recording system.

To meet the demand for an actual individual voters record without identifying the actual vote with the voter, a simplified recorder is shown in FIG. 7.

This recorder utilizes a roll of paper for the individual voter's record on which are either perforated or marked the total vote of the voter in a relatively narrow space across the width of the paper. Thus, a comparatively narrow roll of paper of proper texture may replace the stacks and volumes of individual cards that require special processing on specialized equipment.

FIG. 7 describes a mode of a paper type recorder which will record automatically each and every selection of the voter - and categorize these as for an unidentified voter.

In FIG. 7, an appropriate arm 207 pivoted about pivot 208 is held in position against a limit block 212 by means of a tension spring 209. At the end of the arm 207 is placed a cutting blade 210, which, when moved under the energized influence of solenoid 211, will pierce a hole in the paper 215 in a predetermined line. Each such hammer assembly represents a specific candidate for office or issue choice and each such hammer corresponds to and works in conjunction with the corresponding totalizing counter.

The paper 215 is obtained from a roll which is mounted on a cylinder 214 which in turn is supported on a shaft 216. Mounted on the shaft 216 is a clutch-brake device 217 that is actuated by a solenoid 218 when it is energized. Normally, the shaft 216 is held in position by the brake. The clutch-brake is coaxially supported by the motor 219; - the motor is allowed to run continuously - as an alternative - and is supplied by any source of electrical energy.

Thus, when the Coil 218 is energized the paper advances a predetermined distance which determines an individual's vote. In the stationary interval of the paper the individual hammers, under the influence of the pulses received by the respective voter's choices, will record the voter's choice on the paper. Thus, a width "W" defines a single voter while the respective choices of the voter - identified to the corresponding voters panel as shown in 213 - recorded across the paper provides a complete record of voters' choice.

The recorded end of the paper is taken up on roll 220 supported on shaft 221 and held in tension by means of an electrical or mechanical torque device 222. The entire mechanism, supported on a suitable panel 223 may be enclosed in a suitable cabinet 224.

The interconnection of its components in the general schematic is indicated.

It may be noted that a vote check may be made in a similar device where the hammers 210 can be replaced with an electrical contact operating thru the holes 223A onto a common plate. The contact will then be connected to the individual totalizing solenoids (as in FIG. 19), and as the roll is advanced the totalizing counters will totalize the number of votes for each candidate and for every issue choice. Thus, the same mechanism extends its utility in a simple way.

The perforations 223A caused by the hammers 210 may be replaced by using a suitable marker (instead of the cutter 210) which will place a suitable print on the paper (instead of the perforation). This in no way however departs from or circumvents the intent and scope of this invention.

In the case where imprints are used, a vote check may be used by picking up the individual markers thru photocell means for each vote selector position, and the output of the photocells amplified and fed to the counter solenoids (FIG. 19) for totalizing the vote. In this case also the totalizing counters extend their utility in a simplified manner.

In all cases the recorder may be used optionally.

The general disposition of the major components in this voting system is indicated in FIG. 10.

It will be noted that the major equipments of the system are electrically interconnected. These include:

a. The voting and registration unit - FIG. 9

b. The booth selector unit - FIG. 8

c. The totalizing unit - FIG. 5 and

d. The recorder unit - FIG. 7 - used optionally.

It will be noted that for any number of voting booths used in a precinct - only one totalizing unit - and only one recorder unit (used optionally) are required.

It will be noted also that the total count for any number of voting booths in any precinct is obtainable instantly at the end of the voting period and the information relayed to the central point for total accumulation.

The general position of the voting and registration unit as placed in a booth is shown in FIG. 11. This elemental equipment is the only item visible to the voter which he has to use for registering and voting.

The general composite wiring diagram is shown in FIG. 12. The drawing identifies the various basic components that have been previously discussed as to implementation and function in this invention.

FIG. 12 shows one form of a complete circuit of operation as typical for all of the various candidates and issues shown on the voting panel (FIG. 4) - with all major common elements in the circuit.

Thus, as the poll attendant presses contact 12 (FIG. 3) - the registration platten is released and the voter depresses it into voting position thus registering himself. In so doing he closes contact 30 (shown in FIG. 12 and referred to in FIG. 3), which closes the negative circuit to the battery and is thus prepared for the final vote.

As the voter selects his candidate he presses a typical vote button which closes, as for example, contacts 110, 111, and 112 (shown in FIG. 12 and referred to in FIG. 14). In doing so contact 111 prepares the circuit for the vote totalization when the vote button (FIG. 16) will be depressed.

As the vote button (FIG. 16) is depressed a circuit is closed from plus (+) - thru contact 155 - thru contact 111, thru relay coil 165 - energizing the relay. When the drum (FIG. 18) comes into position and closes the circuit thru 176-169-168-177.

As the relay 165 is energized contact 166 is closed energizing the counter (FIG. 19) coil 183 causing one digit advance of the counter; - at the same time the recorder pen (or hammer) 207 is caused to make a corresponding record on the paper through activating coil 211.

As the drum advances in the direction shown, the contact between 176 and 177 is broken thus restoring the counter and recorder. Thus, the vote is totalized.

In the subsequent motion of the drum contact is established between 177 and 178 thru the band 168 and contact 170. This causes the solenoid on the voting button (FIG. 16) 158 to be energized and at once releasing the hold on the contacts 154 and 155 causing a temporary hold on 158 until coil 106 is energized which releases and opens contact 111, 110, and 112 to normal. Meanwhile, contact 26 (FIG. 3) is energized releasing the registration platten.

As the drum further advances contact between 177 and 178 is broken and the system restored to the original position.

In the process the vote is totalized and recorded. As the drum proceeds it follows the same process for the next booth.

The circuit shown is a typical vote for one candidate. All candidate votes are parallelled and the entire voters selection is recorded.

It should be noted that while the demonstrated circuitry and the sequence of operation is indicated as shown by way of example, numerous modifications in sequence of operation and, hence, in continuity of circuit can be made to effect the same or similar result.

Also the sequence of operation may be made not only thru the interconnection as shown, but thru an individual electromechanical intermittent programmer which will achieve the same result.

Neither or both of the above alternatives in any way circumvent or depart from the scope and intent of the invention, - namely (a) that the vote is made possible when the voter registers properly, (b) that the voter makes his complete selection of the vote prior to totalizing, (c) when so made to the satisfaction of the voter he votes - by pressing the vote button, (d) when so voted the totalizing selecting machine then totalizes and records the vote, (e) upon completion of the addition and record of the vote, (f) the voting panel is cleared, and (g) the registration machine is released and restored - thus (h) notifying the attendant thru a signal light. With the exception of registering and vote selection, the entire process is automatic and does not require any dexterity or acquaintance on the part of the voter in the mechanization process.

Thus, the actual vote and totalizing process within the precinct polling place is complete.

Practical application of the voting panel to different localities may direct specific formulation considerations depending on the number of potential offices for which candidates may apply, - the number of candidates that may apply for any given office, - and the limitation of the acceptable size of the voting panel that will make its use convenient. In each case the manner in which the voting buttons may be identified with respect to the candidate and office becomes a factor. These considerations lead to some novel methods and devices which become applicable to and part of this invention.

Consider first the voting panel layout presented in FIG. 4. (This layout is again reflected in FIGS. 9, 10). As may be seen the voting button is identified by an adjacent label (which may or may not be framed) identifying the candidate with appropriate designations. The issues are similarly identified. In addition a pilot light is placed adjacent to the button indicating the selected candidate or direction of issue.

It may be felt that attachment to the panel of individual labels - or insertion of individual labels into individual frames - may be unnecessarily time consuming on a voting panel which adequately accommodates the required candidates or issues together with the individual identifications as shown.

The consideration of this time element leads to two potential alternatives that mitigate the condition.

Thus, complete sections of identifying candidates or issues can be printed on suitable paper that can be attached to the voter panel that will identify each position in the given section. An example of such section is shown in FIG. 21 for section A in FIG. 4.

A further means is available wherein a template of the complete panel printed on suitable paper may be attached to the panel by any suitable means, - the attachment being made in such manner that the identifications will be properly aligned with the voting buttons. An example of such a printed identification template as applying to FIG. 4 is shown in FIG. 22.

Further, space and design considerations may lead to a desirability to make the pilot light as part of the voting button. This requirement is indicated in FIG. 23.

FIG. 23 shows a voting panel 225 into which is inserted a voting button which consists of a tube 226 - the front of which contains a plastic transluscent button (or plate) 227 which is held in place rigidly by a suitable ring 228. Attached to the tube is a ring 229 which limits the outward motion of the tube when the ring becomes in contact with the panel 225.

The tube 226 has two prong projections 232 which are formed by cutting two slots across the tube. Attached to the prongs is the cone 56 shown in FIG. 13 that operates in panels 59-60 of FIG. 13 as described in connection with FIG. 13.

A bracket 230, - which is placed in the tube slots, - is attached to the panel 225 by any suitable means. The bracket 230 carries a lamp base 233 into which is inserted a lamp 234.

A compression spring 231 is placed between the collar 229 and the bracket 230 in such manner that when the panels 59-60 release the cone 56 the tube 226 moves forward from the front of the panel until it is stopped by means of the collar 229.

When the tube is depressed - as described in connection with FIG. 13 - the lamp illuminates and its illumination is shown thru the plate 227.

In all other respects the button assembly functions as described for FIG. 13.

Occasion arises for extraordinary voting requirements in specific districts where a very large number of candidates are seeking election to several vacant positions, - for example - in cases where more than one hundred candidates are eligible for perhaps five vacancies.

While the outlined system - in principle - is capable of providing the facility for vote selection and vote, yet practical considerations that will require 100 to 200 vote buttons may become too cumbersome to provide in one panel - the voting panel may become too large - and the vote selection may be too bewildering to the voter.

A modified form of the basic vote-selector and voting arrangement is therefore provided as part of this invention which will relieve this problem where applicable. The method is shown in the following illustrations and description.

FIG. 24A is a front view - (the view to the voter) - of a panel for selection of a limited number of candidates - say five or 10 from an available number of candidates that are eligible and who are placed on ballot - say 25 or more - (the panel provides up to 999 candidates - although in practice 200 seems to be an upper limit).

FIGS. 24B, C, D, E, F, G are component mechanisms located behind the panel that form part of the implementation.

In FIG. 24, - the voting panel is shown in FIG. 24A. The voting panel is indicated as 235, on which are mounted the various subassembly components. It will be noted that the various basic button assemblies are the same or similar to those shown in FIG. 14, - the principal detail parts of which are 45, 55, 57, 58, 89, 96. Similarly the release mechanism is also similar to that shown in FIG. 14 and is represented by items 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, 106. Also the balancing circuit is likewise similar to that in FIG. 14 and is represented by item 113.

Assume that a voter wishes to select on his first step a candidate to whom No. 143 was assigned. He thus depresses the buttons to show 143.

Of these the first digit (i.e. 1, in column A,) actually selects the vote translating mechanism FIG. 26, i.e., the particular mechanism that will operate the 100 series.

The buttons 43 (columns B and C) cause the horizontal and vertical selection of the translator mechanism to a point where they intersect and stop and cause a corresponding relay to be energized on the relay panel FIG. 28. (No. 143).

As the No. 143 relay is energized, it in turn energizes a corresponding counter (No. 143) on the counter panel (FIG. 29) making the counter ready for totalizing when the totalizing drum selects that booth as described for FIG. 18. Simultaneously the No. 143 will be illuminated on the pilot light panel FIG. 25 and the drum indicator mechanism FIG. 24F will indicate selection No. 1.

All of the buttons in column A select the 100 series in any number selected. While all 10 buttons are shown (which make the capacity of the unit to 999), as a practical matter it is hardly likely that more than two buttons will be required (for a total capacity of 199).

The button assembly in column A is shown in FIG. 24D. In this assembly the basic button assembly is used to activate a switch assembly 236 whose function it is to energize the proper circuit FIG. 27 that will actuate the specific translating mechanism FIG. 26, and provide the first digit in the circuitry that will determine the complete number for the selected candidate - hence, select the proper subsequent relay.

The button assemblies in columns B and C are equal in design and construction and are detailed in FIG. 24B. As shown, a major portion of these assemblies is duplicated from FIG. 14 and the respective components identified by the same numers as in FIG. 14.

In essence FIG. 24B utilizes the basic button assembly of FIG. 14, mounted on panel 235. Attached to the cylinder 89 is an electrical wiper type contact 237 that is used to connect a respective point on the resistance 113 to the bar 238. The terminations of the resistor and the bar being connected to the bridge circuit shown in FIG. 27. Thus, it is evident, that as a given button is depressed a corresponding section of the resistance 113 becomes effective. As will be seen in the circuit FIG. 27, this change in resistance unbalances the bridge circuit - FIG. 27 - causing a corresponding resistance to seek the balance point - which establish the criteria for the values in columns B and C of FIG. 24A. The release mechanism in FIG. 24C is identical to the release mechanism in FIG. 14 and performs an identical function. It should be noted that this release mechanism is repeated in all columns A, B and C, and is operated by the one solenoid identified as 104, 105, and 106.

An added feature for three columns A, B, C is the introduction of a blocking device 240 - FIG. 24G - which is activated by a solenoid 239. The function of this blocking plate is to prevent a vote for more than the allowable selection for which only that number of vacancies is available. Thus, for example, if only five vacancies are available - i.e., select no more than five candidates out of a total available number of candidates say 143 - then at the completion of the fifth selection by the voter the plate 240 will be pulled automatically into place engaging the narrow slot with the stem 55 - thus preventing further selections. It is obvious that a registration of more than the allowable five selections will invalidate the vote.

It is to be noted that the release mechanism FIG. 24B and 24C is operated after each selection is registered in, thus permitting the selection buttons to be used for the next candidate selection until the full allowable complement of selections is completed.

FIG. 24F shows a drum 241 and the operating mechanism for it. The drum carries successive numbers which indicate the number of candidates that have already been selected by the voter for the particular vacancies. The figures on the drum are shown exposed on the panel 235. - FIG. 24A.

The drum 241 is mounted on a shaft 242 which also rigidly supports a tooths wheel 243 and a spring 245. The shaft assembly is supported by and operates in bearings 246. A pin 244 is mounted on wheel 243 at a point determined by the maximum number of candidates to be selected. At the limit of the selection, when the total selections are registered in, the pin 244 actuates the moving blade of contact 247 closing the contact and thru the circuitry causes the drum to be reset - as will be shown later. The moving contact of 247 is restrained to an open position by the spring 248.

The pawl 249 which is loosely pivoted to arm 250 at the point 251 causes a one digit indication on the drum 241 when the solenoid 254 is energized. The solenoid 254 is coupled loosely thru its core to the arm at the point 255. The arm 250 is pivoted on the base plate 253 - which supports the entire subassembly - at the point 252. The pawl 249 is held normally against the tooth wheel by means of spring 257.

From the above the implementation of the advancing mechanism for the indicating drum 241 is evident.

The resetting of the drum is achieved thru the contact 247 and associated circuitry. This is a limiting condition for the allowable number of candidates to be selected.

If, however, the voter does not select the complete number of allowable candidates - whether by intent or oversight - and he registered the final "Vote" - then the resetting of the advance mechanism is accomplished by energizing the solenoid 255 thru the circuitry. The core of the solenoid 255 carries a hook 256 which engages the pawl 249 and thus releases the drum shaft assembly to be reset to the original position. Upon completion the solenoid 255 is subsequently deenergized and the system restored for the next voter.

FIG. 24E indicates the assembly of the button that may be designated as the "select" button. In essence it is a duplicate of the button assembly described in FIG. 24D except that in FIG. 24E the button activates a switch 258 whose purpose it is to close the battery supply circuit on the working mechanisms when all conditions of selection have been set up.

Mounted on the panel 235 is a pilot light 259 whose function is to indicate that the limiting number of candidates has been established. This pilot light with its accessories is of the same elements as shown in the previous figures.

In order to assure that only one digit in each of the columns A, B and C, have been depressed, - i.e., in order to avoid an ambiguous condition of having more than one button depressed, an interlock - similar to that shown in FIG. 13 - (or FIG. 14) - is provided in each column of buttons. (The interlock is not shown in FIG. 24 and is understood to be included).

After each selection of the candidate and registration in the totalizing circuit to the respective counters, a corresponding pilot light 260, FIG. 25, illuminates and indicates in the corresponding window 261 the number assigned to the specific candidate as the voter's selection. The indicating lights are suitably grouped on panels 262 - each panel representing a group of 99 candidates. Thus, before the final "Vote" button is depressed, the voter can see exactly the candidates he selected for the particular office.

It is understood, of course, that, as a matter of convenience, the indicating panels FIG. 25 are conveniently located in the near vicinity of the selector panel FIG. 24 so as to be in view of the voter.

FIG. 26 shows a translating mechanism whose function it is that in response to the digit selections of columns B and C it provides the proper contact representing these two digits, and, in combination with the contact obtained in FIG. 24D, energizes the proper relay representing the whole 3-digit number and can thus activate the proper corresponding counter to totalize the vote for the given candidate.

In FIG. 26A, a carriage 263 is caused to ride vertically - up and down - on a screw 264 as the screw is driven by a suitable motor 265 and clutch-brake device 266 thru the gear train 267-268, - gear 268 being mounted rigidly on the screw shaft 269; the shaft being supported by an upper bearing 270 and by a lower bearing 271, - the latter being at the center of a supporting gear 272. As shown, the supporting gear 272 is simultaneously a platform for the following mechanism, although specified design consideration may provide a combination of platform and gear in separately identifiable details and rigidly joined.

The platform-gear 272 is in turn driven by a suitable motor 273 and clutch-brake mechanism 274 thru a gear 275 which is in mesh with the platform gear 272. As will be noted the platform gear 272 operates in a forward and reverse direction in the horizontal plane - (as distinguished from the vertical plane in which the carriage 263 operates).

Mounted on the platform 272 are two posts 276 and 277 which by means of tongues as part of 276 and 277 guide the carriage 263 thru two grooves that are part of the carriage. Thus the carriage is prevented from any side motion and allows motion only in a vertical plane.

The carriage, further detailed in FIG. 26 - carries within the forward tip a pin 278 which is rigidly connected to a vertical pin 279, - the latter protruding thru the oblong hole 280 in the carriage. The pin 279 further engages freely with a sliding plate 282 thru the hole 281. The sliding plate 282 provides an oblong hole 283 which surrounds with ample clearance the screw 264 thus allowing the slider 282 to move freely without interference with the screw. Two pins 285 and 286 are rigidly attached to the carriage 263, - and another pin 284 is rigidly attached to the slider 282. A spring 287 is so placed between the pins 285, 286 and 284 that the pin 278 is normally on an inward position with reference to the carriage 263. The slider 282 is guided in a slot 288 incorporated in the carriage 263. Thus, as the slider is pushed forward the pin 278 is pushed forward - and conversely the pin is retracted as the slider is retracted under the action of the spring 287.

Mounted on the platform 272 is also a hammer-platten 289 which extends the full height of the vertical travel of the carriage 263. The hammer-platten 289 operates radially about a fulcrum 292 and pivoted in a bearing 290 above and in a bearing hole 291 in the platform 272. The platten 289 is held in normal position against a pin 293 by means of a spring 294 which is retained against the body of the platform.

An arm 295 and a tip 297 are extended from the platten at a convenient point near the surface of the platform 272. As a solenoid 296 - placed near 295 is energized the platten deflects in a direction that its hammer strikes the slider 282 and drives the pin 278 forward. Simultaneously the tip 297 activates a switch 298 (which is normally open) whose function will be evident in the overall circuit. As the carriage 263 descends to the null position near the platform it activates a switch 299 (which is normally open when the carriage releases it). The function of the latter will be evident in the general circuit.

A circular panel - FIG. 26A - is so located about the carriage that the axis of the panel circle coincides with the axis of the screw. The panel is indicated as 300 in FIG. 26A, - and is shown in developed form in FIG. 26A. Located in the panel 300 are 100 holes 301; - of these 10 holes are equally spaced vertically and 10 rows of these vertical lines are horizontally - thus making up the 100 holes. Behind these holes are contact switches 302 (normally open) - so placed that when the tip 278 penetrates these holes (as the solenoid 296 operates the platten 289) the tip closes the switch 302. Hence the carriage must be adequately located so that the pin 278 will close the proper contact 302 corresponding to the voter's selected candidate choice.

The horizontal and vertical positioning of the carriage 263 is accomplished independently thru a bridge balancing circuit shown in FIG. 27.

FIG. 26 shows the portions of the bridge that are connected with the movement of the carriage. Thus, a resistor 303 is supported in the block 277 vertically. The resistor is divided into 10 sections corresponding to the 10 position points. A wiper 304 is attached to the carriage 263. The wiper traverses the resistor. The carriage will travel until a balance is obtained in the bridge circuit FIG. 27.

Similarly an electrical wiper 305 is attached to the moving platform 272. The wiper traverses the resistor 306. The platform will rotate until a balance of the bridge FIG. 27 is obtained.

Thus, the exact point - selected by the voter - will be established to secure the proper total for the voter's candidate.

When the proper point on the panel 300 is established - and the pin 278 activates the switch 302, - the combination of the switch 302 which determines the digits in columns B and C together with the switch in column A will activate a relay that will cause the proper counter to totalize the vote for the proper candidate.

The slider 282 is allowed to return instantly as soon as pin 278 closes contact 302. This is accomplished by the following mechanism. A subslider bar 307 - (sliding part way underneath the slider 282) - contains a shaft internally 308 which carries rigidly a tip 310, a spring 309 and an outside arm 311. The spring 309 maintains the tip 310 in a vertical position and at the same time the arm 311 so inclined that as the subslider 307 moves forward, the arm 311 impinges against the block 277 in such a manner that the shaft 308 turns in a direction to move the tip 310 radially thus releasing the forward force on the slider 282 and hence the slider 282 together with its pin 278 are forced to return to the original position under the action of the spring 287.

Hence, the platten hammer 289 actually advances the slide 282 thru the intermediary mechanism above described, so that while the platten hammer 289 may still press on the subslider 307, - the slide 282 will be released and the subsequent operations can continue without interference of the pin 278 within the hole 301.

As the platten is released thru the subsequent circuitry, the subslider returns to normal position again engaging the slider and thus be ready for the next operation.

FIG. 27 shows the circuit used in obtaining the roper operation of the driving motor in order to establish the exact setting for the operation of the requires switch 302 in FIG. 26, - and hence for the proper totalizing of the vote for the selected candidate. This circuit represents the requirement for each motor necessary for each axis.

In the diagram, the items 113 and 238 are the same shown in FIG. 24. These represent one digit columns. Similarly items 303 (or 306) and 304 (or 305) are the same items as shown in FIG. 26. Further, items 289, 295, 296, 266 (or 274) and 265 (or 273) are the same items shown in FIG. 26.

Additionally, the resistors 312 and 313 are equal resistors that complete the bridge network. The bridge detector is, for convenience, a polarized relay identified as 314, in which the detecting coil is 315, - the common movable contact 316, - and the two fixed contacts 317 and 318. The common contact 316 will deflect in either direction to make contact with either 317 or 318 depending on the direction of unbalance of the bridge network. The bridge network is energized by a suitable source of voltage - represented as a battery 319.

Each of the contacts 317 and 318 are connected to a corresponding relay coil 320 and 321 respectively. Relay coil 320 operating switches 322 and 323, - while relay coil 321 operates switches 324 and 325; the normal position of these switches is as shown. The interconnection between the motor 265, - clutch-brake 266, - the solenoid 296, - the hammer platten 289-295, and the relays and bridge circuit is as shown. When the function of the platten 289 is complete the excitation on the solenoid 296 is subsequently interrupted thru the overall circuitry.

From the diagram FIG. 27 it can be seen that as the bridge network is unbalanced in such direction that the motor drives the carriage (or platform) in one direction - (say positive direction) - then as the bridge network is unbalanced in the opposite direction - (say negative direction) - the alternate relay is energized and the motor drives in the direction opposite to the positive. Furthermore, when balance of the bridge network is obtained - both relays 320 and 321 are deenergized - and in this condition the motor is stopped - the clutch-brake mechanism places a brake on the operating shaft and holds it and the platten causes the pin slider 263-278 to close contact 302. (FIG. 26A)

A balance condition of the bridge network is obtained at (a) when the precise contact position for totalization of vote is obtained, and (b) when the carriage and platform are in the neutral (originally normal) position.

FIG. 28 is an intermediary relay panel similar to that shown in FIG. 17.

Each of the positions consists of a relay 326 with two SPST contacts 327, each relay representing a specific candidate. One of these contacts is used to activate the corresponding counter for totalizing - similar to that of FIG. 17, - and the operating system is brought into simultaneous function with FIG. 17 thru the totalizer.

The other contact is used to initiate the activation of the relay thru the contact 302 and to then hold the activation in parallel with the relays shown in FIG. 17.

Thus, the totalization is achieved with the activation of "Vote" button and simultaneously with the totalization of the vote for all candidates on the voting panel.

FIG. 28 shows two panels, - 328 and 329, - one for relays numbered from 0 to 99, - while the other is from 100 to 199. The selection of the requisite panel is achieved by the digit selected in column A - FIG. 24, - while the selection of the specific relay is achieved thru the mechanism shown in FIG. 26, - one such mechanism for each panel.

The relays are released - and totalization is completed thru the totalizer FIG. 18.

FIG. 29 are the panels containing the counters for the respective candidates.

These panels correspond to the two panels in FIG. 28 - the counters being activated thru the action of the relays on panel 28.

The assembly of the counter panels as well as the interconnection of the counter solenoids is the same as that shown for FIG. 19, - and the totalization of these counters is accomplished simultaneously with those of FIG. 19.

Finally, the record obtained from these counters - of FIG. 29 - is the same as that obtained in FIG. 20A. And the obtaining of this record may be made concurrent with those obtained for FIG. 19.

The overall interconnecting circuit for the special condition of selection of a relatively small number of candidates from a very large number of available applicants is indicated in FIG. 30.

All of the components previously described are identified in FIG. 30. The circuit diagram is presented for one circuit for purpose of analysis, - all other circuits being similarly treated.

The sequence of events can be summarized as follows - in this special case of a large number of candidates for one office:

a. As digit button in column A FIG. 24 is depressed, an exciting circuit is established for the proper bridge network that operates the corresponding 100 series.

b. As the digits in column B and C FIG. 24 are depressed they complete the corresponding bridge networks and set the bridge networks for the exact positioning of the carriage to activate the contact 302.

c. As the proper counter relay is activated thru contact 302, the digit buttons columns A, B and C are released with the return of the carriage, and ready for the next candidate selection; simultaneously the drum 241 is advanced to show the number of candidates chosen, - and also a light 260 is illuminated on panels FIG. 25 to show the candidate selected.

d. Multiple button depressions are prevented by the blocking mechanism.

e. When the vote is completed and totalized, the drum is released to return to zero - all the pilot lights are extinguished and the system returned to normal condition.

The system operates simultaneously with all other candidate selections and from the same "Vote" button.

The large multiplicity of candidates that may be eligible for particular offices - as well as the possible large number of vacancies to be filled in a given election leads to a possibility of a requirement for a very large and perhaps cumbersome voting panel.

FIG. 31 shows a form of voting unit that makes possible a rather small and compact voting unit, that will accommodate a large number of candidates and a multiplicity of office vacancies, while at the same time bringing to easy view and understanding to the voter of the eligible candidates and issues to be voted upon.

In FIG. 31, the vertical panel 330 shows a replaceable printed list of all candidates for the various offices to which the candidates aspire, as well as all issues. These sheets are printed in advance and apended to the basic panel.

Each office is cited, - each issue identified, - and the names of all candidates for the specific offices are listed. Alongside each candidate is a number showing the button or combination of buttons to be depressed to vote for a particular candidate. As an added advantage, the various office areas can be shown in different color areas - or color stripes; similarly the buttons can be arranged in corresponding area groupings with the same color arrangements.

The vote selection buttons for each candidate are shown in the horizontally inclined panel 331. The designations on the buttons correspond to the designations for the candidates shown on the printed sheet. The designations may be a number, - or a combination of number and letter, - or both in combination with color etc. The button areas may also have the same color as the areas on the candidate list.

Thus, a voter can find his preferred candidate on the printed sheet, and using the designation shown he presses the corresponding button. At the conclusion of his selection of all candidates and issues, he presses the vote button and his function is complete. All other functions are automatic and are performed without the control or knowledge of the voter.

The horizontal vote selection panel also contains the registration device as above described.

The entire voting unit can thus be made compact, intelligent, and simple to manipulate. Decisive advantages are thus achieved in the voting process.

It will be noted that the process of automatically totalizing the votes at the precinct level presents enormous advantages in obtaining expeditiously, accurately and economically a final vote count. It presents a potential of reducing the count of the vote by a possible factor of 1,000 or greater. Assuming a precinct to be assigned a potential voting population of 1,000 then the obtainable final precinct count and record instantly would be 1.

This factor is particularly significant in populated areas where the number of items to be counted - whether automatically or otherwise - would be 1,000 per 1,000,000 - instead of 1,000,000.

In less populated areas the results obtained at the precinct stage may be adequate to obtain a final count, since the final count from the limited number of precincts can be reasonably quickly added either with or without further mechanization.

However, in more densely populated areas, where the results of thousands of precincts complicated by a large candidate population, the problem of the final count of all of these precincts may become a factor to be contended with.

The following implementation of this invention provides an automatic means for quickly obtaining a final vote count from all precincts and for each candidate.

FIG. 6 described above shows a form of a general panel layout for the candidate and issue counters - as well as the counters for the additional pertinent data.

For the purpose of a final automatic count of all precincts a special design of the digital drums in each counter provides the essential simple element of this implementation. This design is shown in FIG. 32.

FIG. 32A shows typical digital drums that are provided for the purpose. In this figure, item 332 is the basic drum on the central facial circumference of which are projected the digital numbers 0 to 9 inclusive at 36.degree. angles. The face of the drum 333 is divided into four convenient circumferential sections, each of which sections being made available for a suitable tip 334, the combination of which for the four sections will define the given number in binary code form; - the tips 334 being placed conveniently alongside the given number, - the number of such tips and their disposition in the four circumferential sectors will signify the binary presentation for the particular number.

Both the number and the binary tips are projected beyond the face of the panel - as shown in FIG. 32B - so that a record of both may be obtained simultaneously.

The manner in which the digital numbers are to be recorded on a suitable card has been described above in FIGS. 6 and 20.

The binary tips representing each of the digits are provided in a form suitable for adaptation in subsequent corresponding summarizing and printing computers.

Thus, the binary tips may be made in the form of small magnets. At the same time the card on which the data will be printed will be provided with a suitable magnetic material along one of the surfaces. Hence, while the printed record is obtained of the digital number, the corresponding binary tips will magnetize corelated areas of the magnetic surface. In this manner both the digital number and the corresponding binary magnetic record will be obtained simultaneously.

In this case the available final card record from the precinct will be prepared automatically for the final totalization and printed record thereof in a programmatic computer which is designed to perform with magnetic pick-offs.

The binary tips may be made in the form of small piercing mandrels - such that when the digital number is recorded the mandrels will automatically pierce suitable holes in the card that will represent the binary representation for the given digit.

In the latter case, the final precinct card will be prepared automatically for adaptation to a programmatic computer which is designed to perform either with electromechanical contacts that will operate thru the pierced holes or with appropriate photoelectric and amplifying circuits that will serve as pick-offs. The programmatic computer will totalize the results of all precincts for each candidate and issue and provide a printed record thereof.

The binary tips may still have another form. They may be designed to provide a suitable printed dot that will be printed simultaneously with and in the same manner as the digital number.

In this case, the pick-off for the computer programmer will be a form of photoelectric device with an adequate amplifier.

Another form of matrix for the digits is shown in FIGS. 33A and 33B. As shown the face of the digital drum 335 is divided into 10 circumferential bands 336, and a distinguishing tip 338 is placed in successive bands opposite the digits 337. Thus, the distinguishing feature in this case is not binary but displacement of the tip in a horizontal direction.

As in the binary case the tips 338 may take different forms depending on their adaptation to a given computer.

Thus, the fundamental approach on this invention is the basic affirmation of the digital drums of the counter so that both the digital number as well as its corelated matrix code will be recorded instantly simultaneously on a suitable card in the precinct directly from the booths totalizing machine. In this manner the card will be automatically prepared and available for complete automatic totalization of the vote for each candidate and issue by means of a corresponding programmatic computer or the equivalent.

Any manner of affirmation of the matrix tips lies within the scope of, and does not circumvent, the intent of this invention.

Likewise, any affirmation of the drums - whether in cylindrical form or in flat circular dial form - or any other form, - lies within the scope of this invention and none circumvent or depart from the intent of this invention.

Each section representing each counter on the counter totalizing panel will then present both the totalized vote for a given candidate or issue as well as the assigned number to this category that will correspond to that shown on the voting panel, - as illustrated in FIG. 34. For convenience the matrix code shown in FIG. 34 is binary.

An added feature of this area is the provision of cutting mandrels on the counter panel that will pierce predetermined coded areas 339 in the card. The code will identify a candidate or issue and is intended to facilitate the final totalization process when the respective card sections of the various precincts are separated from the general card and placed together for final processing in the computer either by automatic feed or hand feed.

The respective sections in the general card will appear as shown in FIG. 35.

It is to be noted that the system outlined in this invention is equally adaptable to general public opinion polling.

In this case the various designations required in a poll for analysis can be designated by the various numbered positions. These may include the specific public issues on which a poll is taken, and various characteristics of the voters involved in the poll. Among such characteristics may be affiliation with political parties, color, national origin, age groups, educational status, earning status, religious inclinations, and such other factors that may be of interest at a particular poll.

The extent to which the various equipments may be used will depend a great deal on the extent to which the polling station may be set up for a contemplated voting population as well as the extent of information required for the poll.

Should personal identification not be required, the registration device may be shunted and thus made inapplicable. Alternatively a blank card may be used with a minimum of reference data, - as for example citizen or foreigner, or other designations.

A mode of obtaining the final count from all precincts automatically is indicated schematically in FIG. 36.

In FIG. 36, - item 340 represents a stack of cards from all precincts, - as in FIG. 34, that show the precinct totals for a given candidate or issue. Item 341 represents an advancing mechanism that advances one card at a time to an accounting position 342 at which point a suitable system of pick-offs represented by 344 are located. When the card is in position a particular pick-off in each column is energized which in turn energizes a corresponding solenoid 346 in a corresponding digital column of an adding machine 345 that has digital columns corresponding to that shown on the card. The adding machine 345 will then register the total precinct number of votes by means of the registering mechanism 347 and will indicate the total in the total area 348 as well as record the card total number on the tape 349. At the end of the stack of cards - or at any convenient point - the totalized number of all votes for the various precincts can be registered on the tape - either manually - or automatically. The precinct cards are advanced automatically by the succeeding card and at each advance the registration of the machine is made automatically.

All of the components shown in FIG. 36, - except the card 342, - are generally known and standard in the trade and are therefore not detailed herein.

The FIG. 36 serves to show the adaptation of the card of FIG. 34 to the mode for total count of the vote.

To summarize, this invention provides a complete automatic expeditious system for voting beginning with the identification and registration of the voter at the time of vote thru the complete count of the vote.

The implementation of the system involves the application of new and novel devices and approaches, as well as the combination of well-known apparatus, that make possible the automatization of the various stages of operation. This automatization reduces to an absolute minimum the demands upon the voter, and simplifies the actual mode of voting. At the same time the subsequent processes, - namely, - individual recording of the vote, - totalization of the overall precinct vote, - the record of the total precinct vote and the production of this record in a form suitable for obtaining the total vote by means of adequate computers, - and all functions associated therewith, - are obtained instantly, economically, with an absolute minimum of paper requirement. These functions are completely beyond the control and knowledge of the voter.

Among the unique and novel elements used and incorporated in the implementation of this invention are the following:

1. The use of a citizens identification card in the voting process.

2. The provision of a voters identification card that;

a. utilizes the citizens identification card (1 - above),

b. provides for identification as to locale (state - address - precinct),

c. provides a matrix for automatic corelation to the specific precinct registration machines,

d. is designed to permit the printing of the voter's pertinent data (name - address, etc.) on a paper at the time of registration for voting.

3. The remote control box which permits the precinct attending personnel to assign a booth to the voter for voting, and the control by the attending personnel of the registration mechanism to permit the voter to proceed with vote, and to prevent repetitive voting.

4. A unique and novel voters registration machine that;

a. allows the voter to register only when so released by attending personnel,

b. permits the voter to vote only upon proper registration with the voters identification card - interconnected thru the circuitry,

c. prints the voters identification on paper,

d. automatically releases the voter identification card when vote is completed and totalized,

e. advances the paper automatically when vote is completed,

f. registrants vote is not visible, kept secret, and unrelated to actual vote.

5. A unique, new and novel voting panel - used either in horizontally inclined position or in vertical position that embodies;

a. voting buttons and/or switches of the push and/or rotary type in combination with - where required - suitable interlocking mechanisms by means of which the voter can select his choice of candidates to the maximum permissible of all available candidates without invalidating his vote.

b. interlocking mechanisms that provide the selection of one candidate out of a group - or a number of candidates out of a larger group,

c. the ability to change a selected candidate - when an error is detected by the voter - without destroying his complete "ballot",

d. the ability to actually view the entire slate of selected candidates and issues - thru the use of the pilot lights - before actually registering the vote - i.e., depressing the vote button,

e. the ability to record a large number of candidates for any office from which a relatively small number are to be selected, - the mechanism for same being compact and unique,

f. the provision for a write-in vote, the mechanism of which is interlocked with the apparent registered candidates,

g. the automatic removal of the registered write-in vote so that it is not evident to the subsequent voter,

h. the complete elimination of a paper or card or similar ballot,

i. the provision for the listing of candidates or issues on the voting panel next to the selection button - or the posting of the complete slate of candidates and issues with identifying numbers and color schemes on a suitable paper or card which is placed in the vicinity of the voting panel while the voting buttons show the numbers and color corresponding to those shown on the complete ballot,

j. the ability of the complete voting panel clearing itself automatically after the vote and registration thereof is completed.

6. A unique, new and novel recording unit which automatically provides a simple record of the actual voting selection of each voter on a roll of paper. The vote is not related to - and can not be identified with the actual voter, - and is hence secret and secure. Where required by law, this provides a simple inexpensive, non-voluminous method of having a voter record which can be used subsequently for recheck or recount if desired. The use of this recorder does not exclude the use - if desired - of an IBM type card punching equipment - and IBM punch card.

7. A unique and novel totalizing mechanism which instantly and accurately totalizes the vote for all booths in a precinct, for the each candidate and issue. One such mechanism serving all booths in the precinct and in combination with the recording and totalizing machines.

8. A unique and novel totalizing machine consisting of a series of digital counters corresponding to the numbers of the candidates and issues from which a complete record of the vote may be automatically instantly obtained at any time - and at the end of the voting time - of the status of the vote in relation to time and place.

9. Unique and novel digital drums in the counters that contain a matrix of the digit as well as the digit from which a suitable record of the totalized vote can be obtained on a suitable card both in digital printed form as well as in adequate matrix suitable for totalization of the entire vote from all precincts.

10. A unique, new and novel precinct totalized record for each candidate or issue on a card - automatically obtained - that is suitable for subsequent use in a suitable computer to obtain the total vote from all precincts. The card embodies:

a. A printed total digital record for each candidate or issue.

b. A printed record of the number corresponding to the candidate or issue.

c. A suitable matrix of the corresponding digital record that is used for a final total vote registration.

d. A suitable matrix of the corresponding number identifying the candidate or issue.

e. A peripheral perforated matrix identifying the candidate or issue that will facilitate final totalization and prevent errors.

11. A unique candidate selector system used in conjunction with the special selecting section for the special condition where a large number of candidates are registered for a limited number of offices. This system embodies a unique digital selecting controller to obtain the exact position that identifies the candidate.

12. A novel unit for a combination registering and voting cabinet, that is portable, simple to operate, and easily installed in a booth.

Each and all of the above, and in suitable combination and interconnection with each other, are claimed as new and novel as individual elements and as components of a voting system which encompasses the entire process of voting and/or polling. The system involves voter identification, voter registration, - ballot presentation, - voting method, - vote totalization and final vote count. In short the implementation of the entire and complete voting process is new and novel in a complete voting system.

This invention of the voting system and its implementation with the new and novel components results in great voting economy - in expedient (almost instantaneous) delivery of vote count, - in secrecy of ballot, - in security of vote, - in elimination of unnecessary stacks of paper and card records, - of ease of use - of ease of installation, storage, and transport - and of quick and easy interchangeability of component elements.

Although this invention is described with a certain degree of particularity, it is understood that the present disclosure has been made by way of example and that numerous changes in the details of construction, in general arrangement, or in sequence of circuitry may be resorted to without departing from the spirit, the essence and the scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed. No claim is made to the particularity of standard commercially available parts, components and materials except as they may be particularly interrelated in the fulfillment of the intent and function of this invention.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. An integrated voting system machine comprising: a voter's registration machine module having means for sensing a voter's identification card, and means including a recording tape for imprinting the voter's identification, the said registration tape being retained; means for concealing the mode of registration with respect to the actual voter; a voting apparatus module embodying the setting of all candidacies, candidate and issue areas, and including mechanisms for selecting the vote, selection indication means, and individual write-in modules for each candidacy; totalizing module means coupled to said voting apparatus module to receive total votes therefrom, said voting apparatus module further including vote switch means to transfer the total vote to the totalizing module means; control console means coupled to control the use of the registration machine and vote selection panel; said totalizing module means further including means generating a total registration record for total vote, and recorder means for the individual unidentified vote to serve as a simple record and for possible recount.

2. An integrated machine as a voting system having interrelated and interconnected modules comprising:

at least one voter's registration machine module, operable in conjunction with a voter's identification card, electrically interconnected with a remote control console and a voting selection panel;

at least one voter's identification card for voter's registration of identification into and as a link permitting proper operation of the voter's registration machine;

single control module means coupled for remote electrical control of each voter's registration machine module by an authorized officer, whose release of said voter's registration machine enables the voter to proceed with the vote;

at least voting panel apparatus module for the voter's selection of his vote from the entire slate, said module being electrically interconnected with the voter's registration module and totalizing and recording modules;

at least one range extending module, which extends the range of listings of the number of available candidates for a specific office beyond that provided in the specific candidate section of the vote selection module, is appended and electrically interconnected with the specific candidacy section of the vote selection module, thus allowing the voter to make his voting choice from all available registered candidates for the particular office;

a single vote totalizing machine module that is electrically interconnected with the plurality of voting panels in one or plurality of voting stations, and that sequentially and simultaneously totalizes the sum vote selection from each voting panel for each vote selection on respective specialized counters, from which counters a single card record of the totalized vote from all coupled voting panels is instantly obtainable at any time, said totalizing module being further electrically interconnected with the voter's registration machine for the latters restoration to open position when the vote is totalized;

a single record card of the totalized vote obtainable instantly at will from the totalizing machine module, said card being usable for automatic totalization of the vote for each and every candidate and proposition from a major voting area; and

a recorder machine module that is electrically interconnected with the totalizer machine module, which said recorder module records the complete selected vote of each anonymous voter on the chart.

3. The method in an integrated voting system comprising the use by the voter of a unique voter identification card that certifies the voter's eligibility to vote in a given area, the recording and imprinting on tape of such identification card by means of a registration module suitable to accept such voter identification card, such recording of the identification card to serve as a means of registration of voter, accepting, tabulating and totalizing the votes from a number of voting stations wherein voters have registered their respective individual vote selection, each voter having an aforesaid unique voter identification card and having recorded same in aforesaid registration module, the voting method comprising the steps of releasing a voting station for use by voter, selecting the vote choice and retaining the selection made by the individual voter until complete, scanning the selections voted when complete, totalizing the scanned selections and simultaneously recording the individual voter's selection, finally locking the voting registration station against further voting until further release, and obtaining an instantaneous record of the totalized vote of a plurality of voting stations at a given location, the record being suitable for machine totalization for a larger area of votes.