U.S. patent number 3,722,789 [Application Number 05/222,043] was granted by the patent office on 1973-03-27 for centrifuge and self-positioning tube holder therefor.
This patent grant is currently assigned to American Hospital Supply Corporation. Invention is credited to Eugene R. Kennedy.
United States Patent |
3,722,789 |
Kennedy |
March 27, 1973 |
CENTRIFUGE AND SELF-POSITIONING TUBE HOLDER THEREFOR
Abstract
A centrifuge having a rotor equipped with a plurality of tube
holders, each holder being provided with a movable weight which
shifts into different stations, depending on the direction of
rotation of the rotor, to alter the center of mass of the holder
and thereby pivot the same into different selected positions. Such
a construction is particularly useful in a mixing and decanting
centrifuge in which the centrifuge tubes are to assume one
operating position for filling and/or centrifuging and another
operating position for decanting.
Inventors: |
Kennedy; Eugene R. (Miami,
FL) |
Assignee: |
American Hospital Supply
Corporation (Evanston, IL)
|
Family
ID: |
22830541 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/222,043 |
Filed: |
January 31, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
494/17; 494/20;
494/1; 494/84 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B04B
5/0421 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B04B
5/04 (20060101); B04B 5/00 (20060101); B04b
009/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;233/26,23A,24,27,28,38,40,46 ;73/535 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Franklin; Jordan
Assistant Examiner: Krizmanich; George H.
Claims
I claim:
1. A centrifuge having a rotor mounted for rotation about a
substantially vertical axis of centrifugation and having a
plurality of circumferentially-spaced holders adapted to support
plural open-topped centrifuge containers, each of said holders
being mounted for pivotal movement about a pivot axis generally
tangent to a horizontal line circumscribing said axis of
centrifugation, and motor means for rotating said rotor, wherein
the improvement comprises said motor means being operatively
connected to said rotor for selective rotation of said rotor in
forward and reverse directions, each holder being provided with a
weight shiftable with respect to such holder between a first
position when said rotor turns in its forward direction and a
second position when said rotor turns in its reverse direction,
said weight when in said first position urging said holder to pivot
the open top of said container inwardly towards said axis of
centrifugation and when in said second position urging said holder
to pivot the open top of said container outwardly away from said
axis of centrifugation.
2. The structure of claim 1 in which said weight is also shiftable
into an intermediate position between said first and second
positions when said rotor is at rest, said weight being movable
from said intermediate position into said first and second
positions under the influence of said centrifugal force.
3. The structure of claim 2 in which each holder is provided with a
guide passage supporting said weight for movement between its
respective positions.
4. The structure of claim 3 in which said weight is solid.
5. The structure of claim 4 in which said solid weight is spherical
and is supported by said guide passage for rolling movement
therealong.
6. The structure of claim 3 in which said guide passage is
generally J-shaped having a relatively long leg portion, a
relatively short leg portion, and an intermediate connecting
portion, said weight being disposed adjacent the distal end of said
short leg portion when said weight is in its first position and
being disposed adjacent the distal end of said long leg portion
when said weight is in its second position.
7. The structure of claim 6 in which said weight is disposed along
said interconnecting portion of said passage when said weight is in
its intermediate position.
8. The structure of claim 6 wherein said interconnecting portion of
said passage is arcuate.
9. The structure of claim 6 in which said leg portions extend along
a plane parallel with the pivot axis of said holder.
10. The structure of claim 7 in which said leg portions of each
holder extend upwardly and outwardly away from said axis of
centrifugation.
11. The structure of claim 10 in which said leg portions of each
holder also extend along a plane parallel with the pivot axis of
such holder.
12. The structure of claim 2 in which said rotor is provided with
stop means for limiting the extent of pivotal movement of each
holder about the pivot axis thereof.
13. The structure of claim 12 in which said stop means is
adjustable.
14. A centrifuge having a rotor mounted for rotation about a
substantially vertical axis of centrifugation and having a
plurality of circumferentially-spaced holders equipped with a
plurality of open-topped centrifuge tubes, each of said holders
being mounted for pivotal movement about a pivot axis generally
tangent to a horizontal line circumscribing said axis of
centrifugation, and motor means for turning said rotor, wherein the
improvement comprises said motor means being selectively reversible
for turning said rotor in forward and reverse directions, each
holder being provided with a weight movably mounted with respect
thereto and being shiftable under the influence of centrifugal
force from a rest position when said rotor is stationary into a
first operating position when said rotor turns in its forward
direction and into a second operating position when said rotor
turns in its reverse direction, said weight when in said first
operating position orienting the mass center of said holder and
tube to pivot said holder so that the top of said tube tips
inwardly towards said axis of centrifugation, and when in said
second operating position re-orienting the mass center of said
holder and tube to pivot said holder so that the open top of said
tube is urged in an outward direction away from said axis of
centrifugation, and a pair of stops for limiting the extent of
tipping movement of each holder as the weight thereof is shifted
between its first and second operating positions.
15. The structure of claim 14 in which at least one of said stops
is adjustable.
16. The structure of claim 14 in which said weight, when in said
first operating position, urges said holder to orient said tube in
an upwardly and inwardly inclined filling-centrifuging position,
and means provided by said rotor for selectively introducing fluid
into said tube when the same is in its filling-centrifuging
position.
17. The structure of claim 16 in which said last-mentioned means
includes a manifold chamber and a plurality of nozzles projecting
outwardly from said rotor and communicating with said chamber, each
nozzle registering with one of said tubes for discharging fluid
therein when said tubes are in their filling-centrifuging
positions.
18. The structure of claim 14 in which said weight, when in said
second operating position, urges said holder to orient said tube in
a generally upstanding decanting position, whereby, fluid contained
within said tube is discharged from the open end thereof under the
influence of centrifugal force when said rotor turns in its reverse
direction.
19. The structure of claim 14 in which each holder is provided with
a guide passage supporting said weight for movement between its
respective positions.
20. The structure of claim 19 in which said weight is of solid
material.
21. The structure of claim 20 in which said weight is a spherical
solid and is supported by said guide passage for rolling movement
therealong.
22. The structure of claim 19 in which said guide passage is
generally J-shaped having a relatively long leg portion, a
relatively short leg portion, and an interconnecting portion, said
weight being disposed adjacent the distal end of said short leg
portion when said weight is in its first operating position and
being disposed adjacent the distal end of said long leg portion
when said weight is in its second operating position.
23. The structure of claim 22 in which said weight is disposed
along said interconnecting portion of said passage when said weight
is in its rest position.
24. The structure of claim 22 in which said interconnecting portion
of said passage is arcuate.
25. The structure of claim 22 in which said leg portions extend
along a plane parallel with the pivot axis of said holder.
26. The structure of claim 23 in which said leg portions extend
upwardly and outwardly away from said axis of centrifugation.
27. The structure of claim 26 in which said leg portions extend
along a plane parallel with the pivot axis of said holder.
Description
BACKGROUND
Various mechanical and electro-mechanical systems have been used to
hold centrifuge tubes at more than one fixed position during rotor
operation. Co-owned U.S. Pat. No. 3,401,876 discloses a
cell-washing centrifuge in which the upper ends of the tubes bear
against a dome-shaped cover when the rotor is in operation. By
selectively controlling the elevation of the cover the tube angle
is varied for filling, centrifuging, and then decanting. In other
subsequent designs tiltable tube holders have been provided and
electro-magnets have been used to control the positions of such
holders. In still other instances, mechanical connections with the
tube holders have caused such holders to pivot into the different
positions of adjustment. Whatever the case, prior mechanisms for
achieving variable tube position have been relatively complex and
expensive. Because of their complexity, such mechanisms have often
been associated with problems of adjustment, breakdown, and
repair.
SUMMARY
The present invention is concerned with a centrifuge having
multiple position tubes in which changes in the position of each
tube are achieved by varying the center of mass of each holder-tube
assembly. The result is a centrifuge which overcomes the
disadvantages of prior constructions and, specifically, one which
is relatively simple in construction and operation and which does
not require mechanical or electro-mechanical connections with the
holders for the purpose of shifting such holders into each of their
operating positions.
One aspect of the invention lies in the discovery that tube holders
may be made to shift into different operating positions if such
holders are equipped with movable weights which assume one position
or another depending on the direction of rotation of the centrifuge
rotor. In a preferred form of the invention the weight is solid and
takes the shape of a sphere; however, other shapes are believed
suitable and it is conceivable that non-solid (i.e., liquid)
weights may be used. The weight is retained in a J-shaped guide
passage or track and, when the rotor is at rest, is disposed in the
intermediate zone between the leg portions of that passage. If the
rotor is then driven in one direction, say forwardly, the weight is
directed into the short leg of the passage, whereas if the rotor is
driven in its reverse direction the weight moves to the end of the
longer leg. In either case, the weight moves along the respective
leg of the passage, and is retained at the distal end of that leg
during rotation of the rotor, by reason of centrifugal force acting
upon the weight. When the weight is in its first position adjacent
the end of the shorter leg the center of mass of the holder-tube
assembly is such that during rotor operation the holder pivots so
that the open-ended tube slopes upwardly and inwardly. In a mixing
and decanting centrifuge, such a tube position is suitable not only
for centrifuging but also for filling the tubes while the rotor is
in operation. Upon reversal of the rotor, the weights assumes a
second position adjacent the end of the longer leg, thereby
reorienting the center of mass of the holder-tube assembly and
causing the holder to pivot so that the tube extends generally
upwardly in a decanting position. Stops, which may be adjustable,
limit the extent of pivotal movement of the holder in each
direction. Since such stops simply limit the extent of movement,
the tube holders are essentially self-positioning in response to
the condition of operation (i.e., direction of operation, or
non-operation) of the rotor.
DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view, partially diagrammatic, of the rotor
and motor portions of a centrifuge embodying the present
invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view showing a tube holder;
FIG. 3 is another perspective view of the holder taken from the
side opposite from that shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line 4--4 of FIG. 2 and
illustrating three positions of the weight in the passage of the
holder;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary top view of the rotor;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line 6--6 of FIG.
5 and illustrating an adjustable stop for a tube holder;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of a tube holder
illustrating three positions of the weight within the holder
passage;
FIG. 8 is a top plan view taken along line 8--8 of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a vertical sectional view showing the relative positions
of the parts when the rotor is at rest;
FIG. 10 is a schematic representation accompanying FIG. 9 and
indicating that when the rotor is viewed in the direction of line
10--10 of FIG. 9 such rotor is stationary or "at rest;"
FIGS. 11 and 12 correspond with FIGS. 9 and 10 but illustrate the
relationship of parts when the rotor rotates in a clockwise
direction, as during a filling operation;
FIGS. 13 and 14 also correspond with FIGS. 9 and 10 but illustrate
the relationship of parts when the rotor turns in a
counterclockwise direction, as during a decanting operation.
DESCRIPTION
Referring to the drawings, the numeral 10 generally designates the
rotor portion of a centrifuge. The rotor is equipped with a
plurality of circumferentially-spaced holders 11 which support
open-topped centrifuge tubes 12. A motor 13, diagrammatically
illustrated in FIG. 1, is operatively connected to the rotor to
drive the rotor selectively and reversibly in either direction
about a vertical axis of centrifugation 14. It is to be understood
that the centrifuge is also equipped with a housing, cover, and
related parts; however, such elements have been omitted from the
drawings for clarity of illustration.
In the illustrated embodiment, each holder 11 takes the form of a
body which may be molded from plastic, metal, or other suitable
material. A horizontal bore 15 receives a pin 16 (FIG. 9) which
supports each holder upon the rotor for tipping movement about a
pivot axis 17, each such axis being tangent to a horizontal line
circumscribing the vertical axis of centrifugation 14. As shown
most clearly in FIGS. 1, 5 and 9, each holder is supported by pin
16 within a recess 18 of the rotor. Preferably the flat top surface
11a of each holder is flush with the top surface 10a of the
cylindrical rotor when the rotor is at rest (FIGS. 1 and 9).
The open-topped centrifuge tubes 12 are received within cylindrical
cavities 19 which extend downwardly from top surfaces 11a of the
holders. In the case of a centrifuge intended for use in clinical
laboratories, it is preferable that the tubes be formed as separate
parts and be removable from the cavities in which they are
supported. Thus, the cylindrical tubes 12 may be formed of glass,
plastic, or any other suitable material and may, in the embodiment
shown in the drawings, be inserted into or removed from the
cavities 19. It is to be understood, however, that in some
applications it may be desirable to mount the tubes permanently
within the cavities, or to form such tubes as integral parts of the
holders.
Referring to FIGS. 2 and 4, it will be observed that each holder 11
is also provided with an internal J-shaped passage or track 20
having a relatively short leg 20a, a relatively long leg 20b and an
arcuate connecting portion 20c. The legs 20a and 20b of the passage
extend along a sloping plane parallel with pivot axis 17 of the
holder. Specifically, the legs of the passage extend upwardly and
outwardly and in radial directions from the vertical axis of
centrifugation 14. The connecting portion 20c of the passage is
disposed below pivot axis 17. It is to be noted that the distal end
20d of the short leg of the passage is also disposed below pivot
axis 17 but that the distal end 20e of leg 20b is disposed above
axis 17.
A weight in the form of a ball or sphere 21 is movable along the
length of passage 20 between a first operating position or station
A adjacent the distal end of passage leg 20a, an intermediate
position or station B along arcuate connecting portion 20c, and a
second operating position or station C adjacent the distal end of
leg 20b (FIGS. 4, 7 and 8). While a spherical weight is preferred
because of the low frictional resistance to movement along the
length of the passage, it is believed apparent that such weight
need not be spherical or even solid (it might, for example, be
liquid) and, if solid, need not take the form of a single member or
element. Thus, the weight might be a body of material in
particulate form, such as granules, microspheres, etc. The
important fact is that the weight, in whatever form it takes, be
capable of moving under the influence of centrifugal force from the
intermediate or rest position B into either of the operating
positions A and C, and of returning (when the rotor is at rest)
under the influence of gravity back into the rest position B.
Whether the weight moves into one operating station or the other
depends on the direction of rotation of the rotor 10. As previously
indicated, and as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, weight 21 is in its rest
position B in the passage's connecting portion 20c when the rotor
is stationary. It will be observed that the connecting portion
constitutes the lowermost region of the J-shaped passage 20. Under
such conditions, the mass of body 21 is insufficient to cause the
holder 11 to pivot in a counterclockwise direction about the axis
of pin 16 and, consequently, centrifuge tube 12 remains in the
generally upstanding position illustrated in FIG. 9.
Should the reversible motor 13 be energized to drive the rotor in a
clockwise direction when viewed from above, such direction also
being referred to for convenience as the "forward" direction,
weight 21 is urged by its own inertia into the shorter leg 20a of
the passage. At the same time, centrifugal force acting upon the
weight urges it outwardly into position A at the distal end 20b of
the shorter leg. As long as the centrifuge continues to operate in
the same direction, the weight is in effect locked by centrifugal
force in position A. In that position, with the rotor operating at
full speed, the mass distribution of the holder-tube assembly
causes that assembly to pivot about the axis of pin 16. As shown in
FIG. 11 the assembly pivots to tip the centrifuge tube upwardly and
inwardly into a centrifuging position. A portion of the holder
engages a stop in the form of inclined surface 22 of the rotor to
limit the extent of such pivotal movement. Even when the assembly
is fully pivoted into the centrifuging position of FIG. 11, it will
be observed that the legs of passage 20 slope outwardly as well as
upwardly, thereby insuring that centrifugal force acting upon
weight 21 will retain that weight in station A at the end of leg
20a.
FIG. 11 reveals that the tipped position of tube 12 may be used
advantageously to achieve automatic filling of the tube. For that
purpose, rotor 10 is provided with a central manifold chamber 23
having radially extending discharge ports or nozzles 24 alignable
with the open ends of the centrifuge tubes 12 when such tubes are
tipped upwardly and inwardly as illustrated in the drawing. Liquid
from the manifold chamber is discharged from the nozzles under the
influence of centrifugal force and passes into the open ends of the
tubes as shown in FIG. 11.
At the completion of a filling or centrifuging step, rotor 10 is
again brought to rest, the weight 21 of each holder returns to
position B, and the centrifuge tubes 12 again assume their
generally vertical positions as indicated in FIG. 9. To decant some
or all of the liquid from the centrifuge tubes, the motor is simply
reversed to drive the rotor in its reverse or counterclockwise
direction (FIGS. 13 and 14). At this time the inertia of each
weight 21 directs such weight into the longer leg 20b of the
passage and centrifugal force urges the weight into position C at
the distal end of that leg. In that position, with the rotor
rotating at full speed in the reverse direction, the mass center of
the holder-tube assembly is such that centrifugal force tends to
urge the assembly in a clockwise direction about the axis of pivot
pin 16 (as viewed in FIG. 13). Such pivotal movement is limited by
engagement between the outer portion of the holder 11 and stop
means 25. In the embodiment illustrated, stop means 25 takes the
form of an adjustable screw element, the threaded adjustment of
that element determining just how far the holder 11 pivots as it
moves into its decanting position. It is to be understood that a
similar screw element may be threadedly mounted in wall 22 of the
rotor so that adjustment of the extent of inward tipping movement
of the holder may also be made.
When the holder is in the decanting position of FIG. 13, or in the
rest position of FIG. 9, tube 12 has been described as being in a
generally vertical or upstanding position. It will be observed from
FIGS. 9 and 13 that the tube actually slopes outwardly to a slight
but discernible extent. The precise extent may, as already
indicated, be adjusted by threading or unthreading stop member 25.
The purpose of such adjustment is to insure that at a given
operating speed, and with any given liquid contained in tube 12, a
predetermined amount of that liquid will be discharged from the
open end of the tube under the influence of centrifugal force
without at the same time discharging any solid material contained
within the tube. The centrifuge may therefore be used as a sample
washing device, a sample in tube 12 being first mixed with a
washing fluid (normally water) introduced forceably into the tube
under centrifugal force in the filling step of FIG. 11, and then
discharged from the tube (following centrifugation) in the
decanting step of FIG. 13. In the somewhat schematic view of FIG.
13, the solid material is designated by the numeral 26 and the
liquid by numeral 27.
In the preferred embodiment shown and described herein, the
connecting portion 20c of passage 20 is arcuate. Because of the
arcuate shape of portion 20c, the weight 21 is guided smoothly into
passage portions 20a or 20b, depending upon the direction of
rotation of the rotor. However, it is to be understood that portion
20c may be of somewhat different shape, such as of a V-shaped
configuration, or even of a right angular configuration, and still
achieve to an appreciable extent the function and advantages of the
illustrated construction.
While in the foregoing I have disclosed an embodiment of the
invention in considerable detail for purposes of illustration, it
will be understood by those skilled in the art that many of these
details may be varied without departing from the spirit and scope
of the invention.
* * * * *