U.S. patent number 3,720,962 [Application Number 05/110,929] was granted by the patent office on 1973-03-20 for flush toilet and method.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Microphor, Inc.. Invention is credited to Robert E. Harrah.
United States Patent |
3,720,962 |
Harrah |
March 20, 1973 |
FLUSH TOILET AND METHOD
Abstract
A system (apparatus and method) for reducing the amount of water
required for flushing conventional and portable toilets. The system
makes use in a toilet combination of a bowl portion and a gas-tight
base portion and employs water flush means for the bowl portion in
conjunction with air flush means for the base portion. Movable
valve means between the bowl and base portions are controlled to
retract while water is introduced to flush the bowl portion and to
return while a charge of compressed air is introduced to discharge
the contents of the toilet to a waste discharge line. This system
is effective in conjunction with conventional toilets or waste
treating systems or compact biological or chemical waste treating
systems.
Inventors: |
Harrah; Robert E. (Willits,
CA) |
Assignee: |
Microphor, Inc. (Willits,
CA)
|
Family
ID: |
22335706 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/110,929 |
Filed: |
January 29, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
4/435; 4/249;
4/431; 4/DIG.12; 4/415 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E03D
3/00 (20130101); Y10S 4/12 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E03D
3/00 (20060101); A41d 013/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;4/10,15,20,41,43,52,60,56,61,67,68,79,83,94,96,103,105,106 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Artis; Henry K.
Claims
I claim:
1. A flush toilet characterized by reduced water requirements
comprising: a bowl portion, means for water flushing said bowl
portion, a base portion in fluid communication with said bowl
portion, means for air flushing said base portion, said air flush
means including means to introduce a predetermined quantity of air
under pressure to said base portion, movable valve means between
the bowl and base portions of said toilet, and control means to
initially open said valve means and to activate said water flush
means to effect water flushing of said bowl portion of the toilet
and thereafter to close said valve means and to activate said air
flush means to effect air flushing of said base portion of the
toilet.
2. A flush toilet as in claim 1 wherein said means for water
flushing said bowl portion of the toilet includes valve means
adapted to introduce a predetermined quantity of water to said bowl
portion.
3. A flush toilet as in claim 1 wherein said means to introduce a
predetermined quantity of air under pressure to said base portion
of the toilet includes a time delay mechanism including a bleed
valve.
4. A flush toilet as in claim 3 wherein said time delay mechanism
and bleed valve is pneumatically operated.
5. A flush toilet as in claim 3 wherein said time delay mechanism
and bleed valve is hydraulically operated.
6. A flush toilet as in claim 1 wherein said movable valve means
comprises a slide valve mechanism and means normally biasing said
slide valve mechanism into a closed position separating said bowl
and base portions of the toilet.
7. A flush toilet as in claim 1 wherein said control means
comprises a control lever mechanically linked to said movable valve
means and to said means activating said water flush and said air
flush means.
8. A flush toilet as in claim 7 wherein said control lever is a
foot lever positioned adjacent the base portion of said toilet.
9. A flush toilet as in claim 7 wherein said control lever is a
hand lever positioned adjacent the bowl portion of said toilet.
10. A combination water and air flush toilet including means to
reduce the amount of water required for flushing, comprising: a
toilet bowl, a source of water, means introducing a predetermined
amount of water from said water source to said toilet bowl to
effect water flushing of the same, a toilet base including a
substantially airtight chamber, a source of air under pressure,
means introducing a predetermined amount of air from said air
source to said base chamber to effect air flushing of the same,
reversible valve means between said toilet bowl and said base
chamber, control means to operate said reversible valve means, and
actuating means responsive to said control means to initially
activate said means to introduce a predetermined amount of water to
said toilet bowl, and thereafter to activate said means introducing
a predetermined amount of air to said base chamber.
11. A flush toilet as in claim 10 wherein said actuating means
includes cam means associated with said control means to
sequentially energize said respective means for introducing
predetermined amounts of water and air to said toilet bowl and base
chamber.
Description
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
This invention relates generally to toilet flushing systems and is
particularly directed to improved methods and means for effecting
the flushing of toilets or water closets by which the amount of
water required for flushing is substantially reduced.
Conventional water closets or toilets require a substantially large
volume of water to complete the flushing operation, generally
averaging about 4 to 6 gallons of water for each such flushing
operation. Such relatively large volumes of water are required by
the relatively low water pressures and velocities normally employed
within the toilet bowl so that a relatively prolonged flushing
period is required to insure complete removal of the wastes. Prior
attempts to decrease the amount of water employed, for example, by
increasing the velocity or force of water employed in the flushing
operation, have generally been unsuccessful. Moreover, the prior
mechanisms and systems for such purpose have proved to be entirely
unsuited for use with conventional toilets or like systems for the
disposal of wastes.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION AND OBJECTS
In general, the present invention is directed to improvements on
conventional water closet or toilet constructions, and is
particularly directed to an improved method and means for reducing
the amount of water required for flushing. The invention is further
directed to improved systems of this type adapted for use within
the confines of relatively compact, self-contained units, such as
might be easily employed within homes, business establishments, and
the like, or within mobil installations, in rail cars, aircraft,
buses, boats and the like, without requirement of pumps, extensive
circulatory lines, or other components of forced circulatory
systems.
Broadly stated, the improved flushing systems of the present
invention depend upon the successive operations of introducing a
predetermined, limited quantity of water to the toilet bowl to
discharge the same to a sealed chamber below the toilet bowl
wherein a charge of gas under pressure (compressed air) is employed
to effectively discharge the water and contents of the toilet to
waste without any requirement of additional water to complete the
flushing operation. The flushing can therefore be accomplished with
limited amounts of water, of the order of 1 to 2 quarts (0.25 to
0.5 gallons), with the result that water requirements are reduced
to as low as 3 to 5 percent of normal requirements. As hereinafter
disclosed, the improved flushing system of the present invention
can be easily and effectively incorporated into existing sewage
disposal systems, or, alternatively, may be as easily and readily
incorporated into various types of self-contained sewage disposal
systems (e.g., chemical toilets and biological or microbiologically
active sewage disposal systems).
In general, a particular object of the present invention is to
provide a relatively simple, highly effective method and means for
flushing toilets or water closets wherein the amount of water
required for the flushing operation is reduced to a minimum.
Another object of the invention is to provide an improved method
and means of the above character which does not require expensive
or complicated circulatory systems, pumps or related machinery, and
which is adapted to use in the compact space normally available for
use with conventional toilet units.
A further object of the invention is to provide a simple,
inexpensive system for effecting a combined water and air flushing
of the toilet unit, which is readily adaptable to existing toilet
constructions and/or waste disposal systems.
Additional objects and advantages of the invention will appear from
the following description in which an illustrative embodiment has
been set forth in detail in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The drawing is a schematic view in side elevation of an embodiment
of a combination water and air flush toilet system incorporating
the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to the drawing, reference numeral 10 represents a flush
toilet provided with a seat 12 and having a bowl portion 14. The
bowl portion is integral with or mounted upon a base portion 16 to
provide a substantially airtight seal between the toilet bowl and
an air chamber 18 within the base portion. A conventional slide
valve 20 is mounted between the toilet bowl and air chamber 18 to
alternatively provide communication between the toilet bowl and air
chamber, and to separate and seal the air chamber as respects the
toilet bowl. As hereinafter described, the slide valve 20 is
adapted to be operated by a control lever 22 which may be either
hand or foot operated (see alternate positions illustrated in he
drawing). The air chamber 18 is in fluid communication by means of
a relatively small diameter discharge conduit 26 with any
conventional waste disposal system, generally represented at 28.
Such waste system may be a municipal waste disposal system, a
septic tank and leech line system, a chemical waste disposal
system, or a microbiological waste disposal system, for example as
disclosed in Burton U.S. Pat. No. 3,238,124. Clear or treated
effluent from the waste disposal system is discharged in
conventional fashion, as represented by the arrow 30.
The operation of the flush toilet 10 may be described with
reference to the enlarged representation of the control lever 22,
shown in the lower right hand portion of the drawing. To use the
flush toilet, the lever 22 is pivoted downwardly about its pivot
mount 32, as represented by the arrow 34. This causes a crank
portion 36 of the control lever to pivot forwardly and in a
generally horizontal direction (arrow 38), to thereby actuate the
pull rod mechanism 50 for the flushing means, as hereinafter
described. Simultaneously, the lever 22 also acts to laterally
displace and open the valve means 20, as schematically illustrated
with reference to the toilet 10. Thus, by means of a suitable pivot
linkage represented at 40, the flush lever 22 serves to displace
the valve means 20 towards the rear of the toilet as represented by
the arrow 42. It will be understood that the slide valve means 20
may comprise any commercially available mechanism of this type, for
example a slide valve as manufactured by the Thetford Corporation
of Ann Arbor, Michigan under the trade designation Constellation
Model 50. In general, mechanisms of this type comprise a suitable
slide member of plastic, metal, or other appropriate wear-resistant
material, retained in leak-tight sliding fashion within a suitable
sealing mechanism. As used in the present invention, the slide
valve 20 functions in closed position to provide an airtight seal
between the toilet bowl 14 and chamber 18 and, in open position, to
provide a relatively large discharge opening leading from the
toilet bowl into the chamber 18.
As noted above, the toilet flushing sequence is also initiated by
depressing the control lever 22. Specifically, downward movement of
the control lever to retract the slide valve 20 simultaneously
effects a forward movement of a cam actuating pull rod 50, through
cooperating movements of the crank 36 and connecting link 52. The
net effect is horizontal movement of the pull rod to an outward or
extended position, as represented by the arrow 54. The pull rod is
provided with a first cam actuating surface 56, for a water
flushing sequence, and a second cam actuating surface 58 for an air
flushing sequence. As in the case of the slide valve 20, the pull
rod 50 is normally biased to a retracted or inactive position
(dotted lines) by suitable biasing means such as the spring 60.
However, upon depressing the flush lever 22, the cam surface 56 is
moved horizontally into engagement with the switch actuator 62,
causing the switch 64 to open the inlet water valve 66. In the
illustrated apparatus, the switch 64 and valve 66 comprise part of
a simple electric circuit, represented by the lines 68, 70 and
power source 72. It will be understood that the valve 66 will
operate to introduce flush water from a suitable pressurized source
74 (i.e., city water at, say 40 psi line pressure) to the toilet
bowl 14, as represented by the arrow 76. In the illustrated
apparatus, flush water will be pumped into the toilet bowl 14 only
so long as the flush lever 22 is held in the depressed position,
since operation of the spring 60 to return the control lever to its
normal position will release the valve switch 64. Alternatively, of
course, the valve 66 may operate on a controlled time cycle to
introduce a predetermined amount of flush water to the toilet bowl.
In general, it has been found that a relatively small quantity of
water can be effectively employed to flush the contents of the
toilet bowl through the slide valve opening and into the chamber
18, with no more than about 1 to 2 quarts of water (0.25 to 0.50
gallons) being required.
Referring again to the drawing, the actuator for the air flush
cycle includes a pivot arm 80 provided with a spring biased cam
follower 82 which operates only on the return stroke of the pull
rod 50. Thus, outward movement of the pull rod in the direction of
arrow 54, causes an outward pivoting of the cam follower 82 against
the restraint of the spring means 84. However, on the return stroke
of the pull rod, the cam follower 82 engages the cam 58 and moves
the pivot arm 80 in an upward direction to depress the button
actuator 86 of the air valve 88. Actuation of the air valve 88
momentarily displaces the valve member 90 to permit a jet of
compressed air to be introduced from the air supply 92 through the
line 94. The air supply 92 may be continuously maintained by means
of an air compressor, schematically represented at 96, which
supplies air through the check valve 98 to build up a desired air
pressure. For example, satisfactory air pressures for purposes of
the present invention are within the range from about 5 to 75 psi,
with an optimum air pressure at about 40 psi. In small or portable
installations (viz., for use in rural areas, or in rail, boat or
other mobil installations), the air supply 92 may be in the form of
bottled air with a constant pressure release valve.
As illustrated in the drawing, the air flush sequence is initiated
by admitting a jet of compressed air through the valve 88 to a
pilot valve 100, which operates thereafter in a timed sequence as
determined by air reservoir 102 and needle valve 104. Specifically,
the compressed air passes through the branch line 106 to the
four-way valve 108, which functions to supply air pressure through
line 109 shift the pilot valve 100 and simultaneously to supply a
predetermined volume of compressed air to the air reservoir 102.
Shifting of the valve 100 (to the right in the drawing) causes a
continuing supply of compressed air to be charged through the line
110 to the air chamber 18 in the base portion of the toilet 10. It
will be understood that release of the flush lever 22 causes the
slide valve 20 to return to the closed position illustrated, with
the result that air being introduced through line 110 continuously
air-flushes and discharges the contents of the sealed chamber 18
through the discharge line 26 (arrows 112 and 114). The necessary
air pressure to effect this air-flushing function is obtained, in
part, by restricting the size of the discharge line 26 to a size
not greater than about 2 inches in inside diameter, with best
results being obtained with an inside diameter of about 1 1/4
inch.
The duration of the period of air flushing is determined,
generally, by the quantity of air stored in he air reservoir 102.
Thus valve 88 will immediately close on release of the flush lever
and return movement of the pull rod 50. However, the supply of
compressed air in the air reservoir 102 serves to maintain the air
pressure in line 109, causing the pilot value 100 and line 110
leading into the base chamber 18 to remain open, until the air
pressure in line 109 has been sufficiently reduced to cause the
pilot valve 100 to shift to its normally closed position. As a
practical matter, the time required to achieve this reduction in
air pressure may be conveniently controlled by the adjustable
needle valve 104. More specifically, the needle valve 104 functions
to bleed the various components of the air system (in communication
through the four-way valve 108), until the pressure in line 109 is
insufficient to overcome the biasing pressure of the spring 118 in
the pilot valve 100. For example, in a typical operation, the valve
100 can be adjusted to shift to its normally closed position at a
pressure of about 5 psi. By appropriate adjustment of the needle
valve 104, a predetermined quantity of air to flush the chamber 18
can be introduced through line 110, as determined by the period of
time required to bleed the system to inactivate pilot valve 100. It
will be appreciated that adjustment is easily accomplished to
increase or decrease the rate of bleeding through the discharge
orifice (represented by the arrow 116). In general, it has been
found that a rate of bleeding to achieve an air flush cycle of
about 3 to 15 seconds (optimum about 5 seconds) is sufficient to
discharge the liquid and solid wastes through the discharge line
26.
To summarize the operation of the apparatus just described, the
flush control lever 22 is depressed to actuate the flush water
valve 66 simultaneously with displacement of the slide valve 20 to
effect discharge of the contents of the toilet bowl 14 into the
base toilet chamber 18. The described water flushing operation is
accomplished with a minimum amount of water (1 to 2 quarts as
compared with the customary 4 to 6 gallons) due to the relatively
simple water flush operation and the relatively large discharge
opening provided by displacement of the slide valve 20. Upon
releasing the flush pedal 22, slide valve 20 returns to its closed
position simultaneously with activation of the air valve 88 to
introduce a jet of compressed air to the air flushing system. The
jet of compressed air activates the air flushing system (through
the pilot valve 100) to introduce a continuous supply of compressed
air to the sealed chamber 18, thereby discharging the contents of
the toilet to the waste treating unit 28. The air flushing
operation continues for a controlled period of about 3 to 10
seconds, as determined by operation of the needle valve 104 in
conjunction with the supply of compressed air in the reservoir 102.
The result is a very effecient toilet flushing operation, involving
both water and air flushing, which is carried out in a relatively
short period of time.
The described low water, air flush toilet system is readily
adaptable to virtually any type of conventional toilet facility,
including both stationary and mobil or portable installations
(e.g., aircraft, railway, bus, etc.). By way of illustration,
related to operation of a restroom facility at a state park, a
five-toilet unit was constructed by replacing the standard toilets
with the toilets of the invention. A conventional air compressor
and air lines were installed, and the water lines connected to a
source of water at city pressure (40 psi). Waste discharge conduits
(1 1/2 inch polyvinyl chloride standard conduit) were connected
with a microbiological treating unit of the general type disclosed
in Burton U.S. Pat. No. 3,238,124. The air compressor was operated
to produce a line pressure of 40 psi, and the bleed valves for each
toilet adjusted to achieve a 5-second air flush cycle. The stroke
of the flush lever was also adjusted to introduce 1.5 quarts of
water per flushing cycle. On the basis of an average of 600
flushing cycles per day, total water requirements for the five unit
installation were 150 gallons per day. This compared with previous
requirements of approximately 3,000 gallons per day, or a reduction
in water used approximately 95 percent.
From the foregoing, it will be apparent that the present invention
makes possible a novel water and air flush cycle whereby a
conventional toilet can be effectively flushed in an easy,
convenient, economical manner and with greatly reduced water
requirements. The flushing method is simple and easily adapted to
existing facilities. Since the only moving parts comprise simple
pumps and valves and mechanical linkages, an improved flushing
system is provided which is readily adapted to existing toilet
facilities, ranging from units for single dwellings to multiple
components for municipalities and plants and, in type, from fixed
or stationary units to mobil units for various applications.
To those skilled in the art to which the present invention relates,
many variations in its application and in the specific method and
means described will be readily apparent. For example, the time
control for the air flush system has been specifically described in
conjunction with a system employing a bleed valve and compressed
air. It will be appreciated, however, that substantially the same
operation could be accomplished by means of a bleed valve or like
cut-off valve operating in conjunction with a system employing
hydraulic or like pressure fluid (e.g., oil or water). In like
fashion, the air flush cycle could be automatically controlled by a
timer mechanism responsive to operation of the flush lever. These
and other variations are clearly within the scope of the present
invention. It should be understood therefore that the disclosures
herein are intended to be purely illustrative and not in any way
limiting.
* * * * *