U.S. patent number 3,720,787 [Application Number 05/127,516] was granted by the patent office on 1973-03-13 for omni-directional globular speaker system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Victor Company of Japan, Ltd.. Invention is credited to Masamichi Hayashi, Yoshikazu Ishii, Shunichi Tanaka.
United States Patent |
3,720,787 |
Ishii , et al. |
March 13, 1973 |
OMNI-DIRECTIONAL GLOBULAR SPEAKER SYSTEM
Abstract
An omni-directional globular speaker system employs a
substantially globular speaker baffle, a plurality of speakers
attached to an entire peripheral surface of the speaker baffle, and
means for variably adjusting the audio output of a preferred
speaker out of a plurality of speakers. The directivity
characteristic of the globular speaker system is omni-directional
and of a spherical form when the adjusting means is not yet
variably adjusted. The variable adjusting means adjusts the
directivity characteristic so that the speaker system will have a
specified directivity characteristic of a non-spherical form.
Inventors: |
Ishii; Yoshikazu (Fujisawa,
JA), Hayashi; Masamichi (Sagamihara, JA),
Tanaka; Shunichi (Komae, JA) |
Assignee: |
Victor Company of Japan, Ltd.
(Yokohama City, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
12282082 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/127,516 |
Filed: |
March 24, 1971 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Mar 28, 1972 [JA] |
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45/29654 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
381/336; 381/386;
381/387; 381/345; 381/109; 181/147 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04R
1/02 (20130101); H04R 1/26 (20130101); H04R
1/40 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H04R
1/26 (20060101); H04R 1/02 (20060101); H04R
1/40 (20060101); H04R 1/22 (20060101); G10k
013/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;179/1E ;181/31B |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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975,222 |
|
Sep 1961 |
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DT |
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836,862 |
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Mar 1952 |
|
DT |
|
Primary Examiner: Claffy; Kathleen H.
Assistant Examiner: Olms; Douglas W.
Claims
What we claim is:
1. An omni-directional globular speaker system comprising: two
semi-globular complementary baffel shells, each of said
semi-globular shells having a folded flange formed at a peripheral
edge thereof and provided with a plurality of apertures for sound
speakers which open to the peripheral surface of each said
semi-globular baffle shells, said two semi-globular baffel shells
abutting at said peripheral edges thereof and forming a compete
globular baffle assembly, said peripheral edges of the
semi-globular baffle shells being provided with projections and
mating recesses so that the projections and recesses of one of the
semi-globular baffle shells complementarily fit into respective
recesses and projections of the other semi-globular baffle shells;
two semi-globular cover members perforated with apertures for sound
transmission and respectively disposed substantially concentrically
covering said semi-globular baffle shells, each said semi-globular
cover having a curved edge which is inserted into a groove formed
between the folded flange and the semi-globular baffle shells; and
jointing means passing through the top of said semi-globular baffle
shells and said semi-globular cover members, said joining means
including a connecting rod extending within the globular baffle
assembly and having grooved portions at ends thereof, a cap nut
being screwed with one of the screwed end portions of the
connecting rod through the top of one of the semi-globular baffle
shells and one of the semi-globular covers, a joint member screwed
with the other screwed end portion of the connecting rod through
the tops of the other semi-globular baffle shells and the other
semi-globular cover, and a nut screwed with the joint member for
fastening the globular baffle assembly.
2. The omni-directional globular speaker system as claimed in claim
1, wherein said joint member is provided with an opening in the
form of a passage to draw out wires from the speakers.
3. The omni-directional globular speaker system as claimed in claim
1 wherein said plurality of speakers comprises a plurality of
woofers and a plurality of tweeters, said plurality of woofers and
tweeters being respectively disposed on said globular baffle
assembly in such locations that each woofer and each tweeter is
disposed adjoining each other at smaller interval than intervals
between adjacent woofers and intervals between adjacent
tweeters.
4. The omni-directional globular speaker system as claimed in claim
3 wherein each of said woofers and its adjoining tweeters are
grouped in a group, and said woofers and tweeters form a plurality
of such groups, the woofer and tweeter in each group being
connected in parallel, the speaker system further comprising as
many variable resistors as there are said groups, said variable
resistors being respectively connected in series to the parallel
combinations of the woofer and the tweeters for adjusting the sound
output of the woofer and the tweeter in each group.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an omni-directional globular speaker
system and more particularly to a system having omni-directivity
and performing similar to a pulsating sphere by using of a globular
speaker baffle.
DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART
It has hitherto been proposed to provide a pulsating sphere as an
ideal type of perfect omni-directional sound radiation system. This
pulsating sphere is a sound radiation device which comprises a
spherical vibrating diaphragm to expand and contract for radiating
sound at the same time having its shape retained in a perfect
sphere. The directivity of sound radiation of such a prior art
pulsating sphere is perfectly omni-directional and it provides
spherical expansion irrespective of its frequencies. As compared
with a piston type vibrating sound radiation device having an
infinite baffle and using the vibrating surface of a disk of
diameter equal to the diameter of the pulsating sphere, the
pulsating sphere can achieve, as regards sound radiation, nearly
double the output for unit area in a lower audio frequency range
where the radiation resistance of air impedance is small.
Thus, a spherical vibrator is more advantageous than a plane
vibrator in the respect that it has the desired omni-directivity
and a large sound output in the lower frequency range. Therefore, a
speaker system using a pulsating sphere is considered most
desirable.
It has been theoretically conceivable but practically impossible to
obtain a spherical vibrating diaphragm, which radiates sound by
expansion and contraction keeping a full spherical form. According
to this invention, a sound radiation body similar to the above
ideal pulsating sphere is obtained by providing a number of
speakers in a spherical enclosure of a globular speaker baffle.
A speaker system is generally required to have omni-directivity but
in certain cases it may be required to have a certain directional
bias depending on the place of installation, object of use, and
program of reproduction of the speaker system. Adjustment of the
directivity in such cases however, is not possible with the
pulsating sphere system described. Thus, the invention, as
described below, provides a number of speakers respectively
controlled or controlled in each group as to their directivity so
adjust the resultant directivity of the entire speaker system.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is a general object of the present invention, therefore, to
provide a novel and useful speaker system of the omni-directional
globular type which is particularly adapted for practical
production.
Another object of the invention is to provide a globular speaker
system which is normally omni-directional but can easily and
desirably adjusted as to its directivity.
A further object of the invention is to provide a globular speaker
system of the omni-directivity type, which has relatively few
adjusting means such as attenuators but permits efficient
adjustment of the directivity.
These and other objects and advantages of the invention will become
apparent from the description set forth hereafter when considered
in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view for explaining an assemblage
of an embodiment of a globular speaker system according to the
invention;
FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the globular speaker system
shown in FIG. 1 after assembling, with the speaker being taken
away;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a joint part of semi-globular shells
of the baffle shown in FIG. 2;
FIGS. 4 to 6 are respectively a front view, a back view and a plan
view of the globular speaker system after assembling;
FIGS. 7A and 7B are respectively circuit diagrams of a first
embodiment of a directivity adjusting circuit of a globular speaker
system according to the invention;
FIG. 8 is a directivity characteristic of a globular speaker system
in an omni-directional state;
FIG. 9 is a directivity characteristic of a globular speaker system
in an adjusted state of directivity;
FIGS. 10a and 10b are respectively circuit diagrams of a second
embodiment of the directivity adjusting circuit;
FIG. 11 is a vertical sectional view of another embodiment of the
globular speaker system according to the invention;
FIG. 12 is a directivity characteristic in the globular speaker
system shown in FIG. 11; and
FIG. 13 is a sound pressure frequency characteristic of the
globular speaker system shown in FIGS. 1 to 6.
Now, referring to FIGS. 1 to 3, a globular baffle of one embodiment
of an omni-directional globular speaker system according to the
invention will be described. Semi-globular baffle shells 11a and
11b are respectively formed in the semi-spherical shape and made by
injection-molding a polystyrene resin of low foaming such as,for
example, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) resin. The ABS resin
is molded by foaming at a forming rate of 0.7-0.8 to have sound
characteristics like those of wood. The semi-globular shells 11a
and 11b are respectively provided with speaker openings 12a-12d of
relatively large diameter and speaker openings 13a-13d of
relatively small diameter in an arrangement as later described. The
semi-globular shells 11a and 11b have respectively folded flanges
14a and 14b at their ends. Tops of the semi-globular shells 11a and
11b are respectively provided with apertures 15a and 15b. The
speaker openings 12a-12d and 13a-13d of the semi-globular shells
11a and 11b are respectively provided with woofers and tweeters
mounted therein as described later.
In assembling a globular speaker system, semi-spherical metal
covers 17a and 17b having a number of apertures for sound radiation
punched therethrough are respectively applied over the shells 11a
and 11b. Edges of the metal covers 17a and 17b are curved as shown
in FIG. 3. These curved portions are inserted into grooves 18a and
18b formed between the flanges 14a and 14b and the semi-globular
shells 11a and 11b. Tops of the metal covers 17a and 17 b are also
provided with apertures.
A flanged cap nut 19 is inserted into the top aperture 15 b of the
semi-globular shell 11b. One end of a connecting rod 20 having
screw portions at both ends is screwed with the cap nut 19. The
other end of the connecting rod 20 is screwed with a joint 21. The
joint 21 is provided with a passage 22 to draw out wires from
speakers.
The semi-globular shells 11a and 11b contain speakers therein and
are filled with acetate wool, cotton or similar sound absorbing
material. The filling material serves for preventing generation of
inner standing waves in the globular shell, moderating the
characteristics in the higher frequency range, and reducing the
cut-off frequency. The top aperture 15a of the semi-globular shell
11a is passed through with the joint member 21. Edges of the
semi-globular shells 11a and 11b are attached to each other using a
spacer 16 of felt therebetween so as to form a baffle of a globular
shape. In this instance, projections and holes (not shown) provided
on the joint surfaces of the semi-globular shells 11a and 11b
regulate the relative positions of both shells.
A name plate 23 with a mark indicating a front side of the globular
baffle is fitted to a joint 21 projecting on the shell 11a and
metal cover 17a and thereafter the joint 21 is screwed with a nut
24. As the nut 24 is fastened with the joint 21, the semi-globular
shells 11a and 11b are tightly secured to each other through the
spacer 16. Therefore, there is obtained a globular baffle 10 of
high airtightness. Finally, a rubber belt 25 is applied on the
outer periphery of the flange.
The globular speaker baffle 10 of the invention may be readily
disassembled in a manner inverse to the above described manner of
assembling. The assembling and disassembling operations are made
with considerable ease.
In practical use of the globular baffle 10 assembled as above
described, a suspension means is attached to the joint 21. The
baffle 10 may be suspended from the ceiling of a room.
Alternatively, the suspension means with joint 21 may be turned
upside down and supported on a floor stand for practical use.
The front view, back view and plan view of the globular baffle 10
are respectively shown in FIGS. 4 to 6. The speaker openings
12a-12d of the semi-globular shells 11a and 11b are respectively
provided with, for example, low and medium sound speakers of a
diameter 13cm as woofers 30a-30d and, the speaker openings 13a-13d
are respectively provided with, for example, high sound horn
speakers of a diameter 5cm as tweeters 31a-31d. Here, in the
semi-globular shell 11a, the woofers 30a and 30b and the tweeters
31a and 31b are alternately disposed. In the semi-globular shell
11b, the woofers 30c and 30d and the tweeters 31c and 31d are
alternately disposed. Furthermore, between the semi-globular shells
11a and 11b, the woofers 30a-30d and the tweeters 31a-31d are
provided adjacent to each other in the vertical direction. Thus,
the woofers or tweeters each are not positioned at closest
intervals between themselves.
The globular speaker system of the above construction has
directivity characteristics similar to that of the pulsating
sphere. As measured from whatever angle on the peripheral part of
the sphere, the same frequency characteristics of sound pressure
can be obtained as shown in FIG. 13. The figure shows the result of
measurement obtained at a position 50cm apart from the globular
baffle surface with a constant input of 2.8 volt. In the figure,
Curve I shows an output sound pressure level, Curve II an impedance
characteristic, Curve III the second harmonics, and Curve IV the
third harmonics, respectively. The characteristics of directivity
represented by the output sound pressure levels are illustrated in
FIG. 8. As will be apparent from FIG. 8, the characteristic of the
spherical omni-directivity is nearly perfect.
Now, a first embodiment of the directivity adjusting circuit of the
globular speaker system is described. In FIG. 7A, a signal to be
sounded is applied between input terminals 32a and 32b. The
terminals 32a and 32b are respectively connected to pin terminals
34a and 34b of a 4-pin plug 33. A pin terminal 34c of the plug 33
is connected to a slider 35a of an attenuator 35. An end of one
resistor 35b of the attenuator 35 is connected to the terminal 32a
and an end of the other resistor 35c is connected to the terminal
32b.
In FIG. 7B, a socket 36 has perforated terminals 37a-37c, which are
respectively inserted with pin terminals 34a-34c of the plug 33.
The woofers 30a and 30c in series connection and tweeters 31a and
31c in series connection are connected in parallel between
terminals 37a and 37b. Also, the woofers 30b and 30d in series
connection and tweeters 31a and 31c in series connection are
connected in parallel between terminals 37a and 37c. In the figure,
the capacitance of capacitors 38a and 38b are respectively 1 .mu.F
and, inductance of coils 39a and 39b are respectively 0.77 mH.
For adjustment of the directivity characteristics, the slider 35a
of the attenuator 35 is slidably moved. The woofers 30a and 30c and
the tweeters 31a and 31c disposed in the front part of the globular
baffle 10 are directly connected through terminals 37a, 37b and
34a, 34b to the input terminals 32a and 32b. Therefore, the woofers
30a and 30c and the tweeters 31a and 31c are not affected by
adjustment of the attenuator 35. The globular speaker system has
thus constant directivity always in front of the globular speaker
system. When the slider 35a is in a position of maximum resistance
on the resistor 35b (in a position of zero resistance on the
resistor 35c), the woofers 30b and 30d and the tweeters 31b and 31d
on the rear side of the globular baffle 10 radiate sound in the
same way as the above-mentioned front speakers. Then, the total
directivity characteristic of the globular speaker shows
omni-directional characteristics with spherical expansion.
When the slider 35a is slidably moved in the direction in which the
resistance of the resistor 35b becomes small(namely in the
direction in which the resistance of the resistor 35c becomes
large), the rear surfaces speakers 30b, 30d, 31b and 31 d are
affected by attenuation and their sound volume decreases. If the
slider 35a is moved to a position in which the resistance of the
resistor 35b becomes zero (namely in the direction in which the
resistance of the resistor 35c reaches its maximum), the direct
sound volume from the rear surface speakers turns substantially to
zero. FIG. 9 shows the directivity characteristics in case only the
front speakers radiate sounds and the rear speakers do not radiate
sound. If the slider 35a is continuously moved, the directivity
characteristics of the globular speaker system can be changed from
the omni-directivity as shown in FIG. 8 to the state of large
directivity continuously in a specified direction as shown in FIG.
9.
A second embodiment of the directivity adjusting circuit is
illustrated with reference to FIGS. 10A and 10B. As shown in FIG.
10A, input signals are applied respectively between the input
terminals 40a and 40b, between terminals 40c and 40d, between
terminals 40e and 40f, and between terminals 40g and 40h. The
terminals 40a, 40c, 40e and 40g are respectively connected through
attenuators 41, 42, 43 and 44 to pin terminals 46a, 46b, 46c and
46d of a 5-pin plug 45. Also, the terminals 40b, 40d, 40f and 40h
are respectively connected to a pin terminal 46e.
As shown in FIG. 10B, a socket 47 has hole terminals 48a-48e into
which the pin terminals 46a-46e of the plug 45 are respectively
inserted. On the globular baffle 10, the woofer 30a and tweeter 31a
located in the front and upper quarter part of the globular baffle
10 are connected in parallel between terminals 48a and 48e; woofer
30b and tweeter 31b located in the rear and upper quarter part in
parallel between terminals 48b and 48e; woofer 30c and tweeter 31c
located in the front and lower quarter part in parallel between
terminals 48c and 48e; and woofer 30d and tweeter 31d located in
the rear and lower quarter part in parallel between terminals 48d
and 48e, respectively. Capacitors 49a-49d are respectively
connected in series with tweeters 31a-31d and coils 51a-51d are
respectively connected in parallel therewith.
Here, for adjustment of the directivity characteristics, the
attenuators 41-44 are respectively and individually adjusted for
the objective. Thereby, the sound volume is separately adjusted for
each speaker group in the front and upper quarter part, rear and
upper quarter part, front and lower quarter part, and rear and
lower quarter part of the globular baffle. By adjustment of sound
volume with respect to these four directions, the overall
directivity can be desirably adjusted adequately for the
non-globular surface. According to the present embodiment, more
varied adjustment can be made in the directivity characteristics
than in the previous embodiment.
FIG. 11 is a vertical cross section of a further embodiment of the
globular speaker system according to the invention.
Formed similarly as in the above embodiment, a globular speaker
baffle 60 is provided with a plurality of speakers 61a, 61b - - - -
- . Voice coils 62a, 62b - - - of speakers 61a, 61b - - - - - are
respectively connected in series with variable resistors 63a, 63b -
- - - - of constant impedance type. The voice coils 62a, 62b - - -
- - are interconnected in parallel and further connected to a
terminal 64 provided on the baffle 60.
Here, if the resistance value of each variable resistor 63a, 63b -
- - - - is adjusted all to zero or the same value, the directivity
characteristic of a globular speaker system 65 of the above
construction turns to omni-directional in a globular direction. The
characteristics in this instance are diagrammatically shown by the
broken line A in FIG. 12. For example, if the resistance values of
the variable resistors connected to the speakers at the upper part
of FIG. 11 are increased and the sound outputs of the speakers are
decreased, with the speakers at the lower part unchanged in the
sound outputs, the directivity characteristic of the globular
speaker system 65 turns to the directivity characteristic of a
nearly heart shape as shown by curve B in FIG. 12. Furthermore, as
shown in FIG. 11, the resistance value of the variable resistor
connected to the speakers on the right and left sides will increase
and the speakers on the upper and lower sides may not be changed.
Then, the directivity characteristic of the globular speaker system
65 turns to bi-directional as shown by curve C in FIG. 12. In
another case, each variable resistor 63a, 63b - - - - - may be
properly adjusted so as to obtain desired directivity
characteristics. In such a case, all speakers can be respectively
adjusted for the best sound output. According to the present
embodiment, the directivity characteristic can be precisely
adjusted and desired directivity characteristic can be
obtained.
* * * * *