U.S. patent number 3,719,768 [Application Number 05/147,458] was granted by the patent office on 1973-03-06 for construction panel.
This patent grant is currently assigned to American Modular Systems Designs, Inc.. Invention is credited to Nils G. Jonsson.
United States Patent |
3,719,768 |
Jonsson |
March 6, 1973 |
CONSTRUCTION PANEL
Abstract
A flexible, versatile building system including movable wall
panels has a portion of an electrical system as an integral part of
the panel. The panels may be rearranged easily to provide a variety
of wall and floor plan configurations adapted to suit a particular
purpose. The portion of the electrical system which is integral
with the panel is connected to one or more main electrical
distribution systems by special easily disconnectable connectors
which are formed permanently as an integral part of the panel at
the upper marginal edge of the panel. The electrical distribution
system is disposed above and map rest on the ceiling and includes
flexible, easily accessible cords which may be reconnected to the
panel after the panel has been moved to a new location. The system
avoids conventional concepts of permanent wiring. The connectors
integral with the panels are of special design to preclude
inadvertent mismatching of connectors when the electrical system in
the building includes a number of distinct circuits for different
purposes such as lighting controls, communications etc.
Inventors: |
Jonsson; Nils G. (Woburn,
MA) |
Assignee: |
American Modular Systems Designs,
Inc. (Cambridge, MA)
|
Family
ID: |
22521645 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/147,458 |
Filed: |
May 27, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
174/481;
52/220.7 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H02G
3/281 (20130101); E04C 2/521 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E04C
2/52 (20060101); H02g 003/28 () |
Field of
Search: |
;174/48,49
;52/27,28,220,221,494 ;339/47 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gilheany; Bernard A.
Assistant Examiner: Tone; D. A.
Claims
Having thus described the invention what I desire to claim and
secure by Letters Patent is:
1. In a building construction the improvement comprising, in
combination:
means defining overhead ceiling members;
wall panel means having an upper edge thereof detachably engageable
with said overhead ceiling members to enable said wall panel means
to be connected thereto in various floor plan configurations;
electrically operable appliance means supported by said wall panel
and exposed along a surface thereof;
permanent electrical conductor means within said panel and being
connected to said appliance means and extending toward the upper
edge of said panel;
disconnectable electrical connector means secured to and exposed at
the upper edge of said panel, said overhead ceiling members being
so constructed and arranged as to expose said connector means
upwardly therethrough when said panel is connected to said ceiling
member whereby said appliance means may be connected in circuit
with an electrical power supply therefor by a flexible electric
cable disposed above said ceiling and being connectable to said
connector means.
2. An improvement in a building construction as defined in claim 1
wherein the upper edge of said panel comprises;
an elongate shoe extending along the upper edge of said panel and
projecting heightwise from said upper edge of said panel, said shoe
being movable in relation to said panel toward and away from said
ceiling member for detachable engagement with said ceiling member;
and
said electrical connector being mounted to said shoe.
3. The improvement in a building construction as defined in claim 2
wherein said shoe further comprises;
means forming an elongate slot in said shoe;
an elongate channel-shaped basket spanning said slot and opening
upwardly;
means securing said electrical connector means within said basket
for exposure through said slot in said shoe.
4. The improvement in building construction as defined in claim 1
wherein said electrical connector means comprises:
a plurality of sexless modular connector elements attached to each
other in a predetermined array and being electrically connectable
only to another connector having an identical array.
5. An improvement for building construction as defined in claim 1
wherein said appliance means includes switching means for
controlling operation of another electrically operable appliance,
said combination further comprising:
portable, self-contained relay means disposed atop said ceiling
members and being detached therefrom to enable said relay means to
be relocated in any desired position atop said ceiling;
said relay means being adapted to be connected in circuit with a
power supply, said relay means being connected to said another
appliance means; and
a flexible electrical cable connecting said relay means to said
electrical connector associated with said switch means, said relay
means being responsive to said switch means to operate remotely
said another appliance means.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Recent trends in design and construction of buildings have been
directed, in part, to the concept of modular, interchangeable
building elements such as movable wall panels, partitions and the
like. Such design tends to result in greater flexibility and
enables floor plans to be changed if and when desired according to
changing floor plan requirements. Among the main difficulties
heretofore presented in such systems has been the unavailability of
an electrical system of equal flexibility. Thus, although a variety
of types of easily movable panels have been proposed and employed
in the prior art, these panels either did not contain electrical
circuitry or, alternatively, contained circuitry which connected to
the main power source in a relatively permanent manner as by
splicing, soldering or other techniques well known to those
familiar with the art. As a result, considerable effort and expense
has been necessary in order to rearrange the panels, detach the
relatively permanent electrical connections and then again make the
necessary permanent attachment to the panel circuitry after the
panel has been moved to the new location. It is among the primary
objects of the invention to provide an improved arrangement in
which movable panels having integral electrical systems may be
connected and disconnected from the main power supply easily and in
a manner which avoids the foregoing difficulties.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
My invention may be employed in association with any of a number of
movable wall panels which are available commercially from a variety
of suppliers. In the illustrative embodiment of the invention, the
panels are retained at their upper marginal ends in overhead
channels which lie in a horizontal plane defining a ceiling matrix.
The panels may be engaged with the overhead channels in a variety
of configurations and floor plans to support the panels as
desired.
The panels are provided with integral electric wiring which is
permanent within the panel. For example, a representative panel may
have one or more of a switch circuit to control lighting, telephone
or other communications circuitry, power outlets, etc. Each circuit
in the panel is connectable to a main power distribution circuit by
a special connector located at the upper, channel-engaging edge of
the panel. The ceiling channels are designed to expose the special
connectors from above the channels. The connectors themselves are
of special design and are of different configuration for each
circuit to preclude inadvertent mismatching of connectors and
interconnection of separate distinct circuits. The flexibility of
the panels is enhanced further by providing compact, portable
distribution boxes which rest atop the ceiling and which are
connected to the special panel connectors by flexible cords.
It is among the primary objects of the invention to provide a
versatile movable wall panel having an integral wiring system.
Another object of the invention is to provide a building system
employing panels of the type described in which the circuitry in
the panel may be connected to and disconnected from the main
electrical distribution system.
Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved
connector which is effective to preclude inadvertent
interconnection of unrelated circuits when the building
construction includes panels having more than one self contained
integral electrical circuit.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
These and other objects and advantages of the invention will be
understood more fully from the following detailed description
thereof, with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein;
FIG. 1 is an illustration of a portion of a structure embodying the
invention including a ceiling matrix, a representative panel and an
overhead portable electrical distribution system;
FIG. 2 is a side elevation in section of a representative panel and
the channel in the ceiling matrix which engages the upper marginal
edge of the panel;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the upper edge of the panel;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged side elevation, in section, of the connector
at the upper edge of the panel;
FIG. 5 is an illustration of the special connector used in the
panel;
FIG. 6 is a rear view of the connector module shown in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is an illustration of a mating connector at the end of a
typical cord; and
FIG. 8 is a somewhat diagrammatic illustration of a connector
having dummy connector modules to preclude inadvertent
misregistration.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
FIG. 1 shows an installation in which the invention may be embodied
and includes a ceiling grid 10 formed from a number of downwardly
opening channels 12 arranged in a matrix. The wall of the structure
are formed from a variety of panels, indicated generally by the
reference character 14 and having upper marginal edges which are
engageable with the channels 12 to secure to panels in the manner
described below. The adjacent edges 16 of the panels preferably are
arranged to interlock with each other and further rigidify the
structure. The ceiling grid 10 supports a plurality of ceiling
panels 18, some of which may include integral lighting fixtures
20.
The wall panels 14 may take a variety of forms such as the plain
panel 14a, the door panel 14b and the electrically wired panel 14c
which may include one or more integral electrically operable
devices and with which the invention is concerned particularly.
The upper edge region of each wall panel is designed to interlock
with the channel 12 to retain the wall panel in place. The
heightwise extending edges 16 of the wall panels also preferably
interlock to provide a substantially continuous wall. As shown in
FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, the invention is illustrated as embodied in one
type of panel having a spring loaded elongate shoe 22 extending
along the upper edge of the panel. The shoe is biased upwardly and
outwardly by appropriate spring means (not shown). Means also are
provided to enable shoe 22 to be withdrawn into the upper edge of
the panel to enable the panel to be properly placed between the
floor and the receptive channel 12. After the panel has been
placed, the shoe 22 is released to engage the channel and lock the
panel firmly in place between the channel and the floor. Wall
panels of this type are available commercially from the Hough
Company of 1023 South Jackson Street, Janesville, Wis. 53545.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the representative wired panel 14c may
include one or more electrically operable devices such as an outlet
24, switches 26, a clock 28, communications equipment 30 or the
like. Because the electrical requirements for each of these devices
are different, a separate circuit must be provided in association
with each of the devices. Thus, separate wiring 24c, 26c, 28c and
30c is associated with each of the devices. The wires extend from
the electrical devices upwardly within the panel and are connected
at their upper ends to special electrical connectors 32 which are
secured permanently along the upper edge of the wall panel.
The electrical connectors 32 are incorporated into the panel so
that when the panel is attached to the channel ceiling grid, the
connectors 32 will remain exposed from above the channel 12. As
shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 this arrangement may include forming the
channels to define an elongate slot 34. The electrical connector 32
is secured in the spring loaded shoe 22 by an elongate basket 36
which extends along the shoe 22, is secured thereto and preferably
is recessed below the level of the shoe. After the panel has been
aligned with the channel and the spring loaded shoe has been
released to engage the channel as show the electrical connectors 32
remain exposed. The complete panel with integral electrically
operated devices and circuitry therefor may be moved to any
location in the building having a receptive channel. The electrical
elements in the panel remain intact and no special efforts must be
made to connect or disconnect any of these elements. The cords need
only be connected or disconnected.
FIG. 1 shows the electrical distribution system. The complexity of
the distribution system depends on the number and type of
appliances which are associated with the panel. Regardless of the
complexity of the circuitry, the distribution system is completely
portable and may simply be rested on top of the ceiling panels 18.
The distribution box or boxes 38 connected to the main electrical
power line by one or more appropriate flexible electric cords 40.
The distribution boxes may include integral transformers when
necessary to feed power at the required voltage to a particular
appliance. When the appliance is of the controlable type, such as
overhead lights, communications equipment, etc., relays 42 are
provided and are connected to the control circuit in the panel 14c
through the electrical connector 32. In each instance, the wiring
in the panel is connected to the distribution box or the relay by a
flexible electrical cord 44 which is connectable to the electrical
connector 32 in the upper edge of the panel. Because the cords,
distribution boxes and relays simply are rested on top of the
ceiling panels 18 and are connected to the wiring in the wall panel
14c through an easily disconnectable connector 32, the floor and
wall plan configuration may be modified simply and rapidly when
desired. An additional, not unimportant, feature of the system is
that because the wall panel 14c includes self contained electrical
appliances and circuitry therefor, the wall panel 14c may be
fabricated completely and permanently in a factory thus achieving
the attendant economies of mass production and avoiding the
heretofor expensive and time consuming field work necessary to
modify the electrical system in accordance with the modified wall
panel arrangement.
It is important, particularly when a region defined by such wall
panels provides access to a number of electrical appliances, that
some means be provided for precluding the possibility of improperly
connecting the electrical cords with their respective electrical
connectors 32 in the panel 14c. Obviously, because of the varying
electrical power requirements of the various appliances, improper
interconnection between the electrical cords and the electrical
connectors associated with the respective appliances would have
adverse consequences. In order to insure that the connectors are
mated properly with their respective cords, the electrical
connectors 32 and their mating connectors 33 are designed so that a
particular electrical connector 32 can only be mated with the
proper connector 33 of the proper electrical cord.
I have found that an electrical connector of the general type shown
in U.S. Pat. No. 3,218,599 to Winkler and available from Anderson
Power Products of Boston, Mass. is suitable for installations of
the type described. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 these connectors are
built up from one or more modules, each module comprising one half
of a sexless connector. Each module includes a hollow insulating
housing 50 which supports an internal electrical contact 52. Each
housing is formed with a bore 54 through which the electrical
contact 52 and its cable 56 extends. The forward end of the housing
is formed to define a hollow extension 58 which receives the
forward end of the contact 52. The housing 50 also includes a
forwardly extending overlapping extension 60 which defines an
inverted U-shaped socket 62 extending over the contact receiving
extension 58. The electrical contact is retained in the housing in
a manner described more fully in the foregoing U.S. patent and also
in U.S. Pat. No. 3,091,746. Each of the modules is connectable with
another identical module in telescoping fashion in which the hollow
extension 58 of one module is inserted into and is received within
the U-shaped overlapping extension 60 of the other module.
Additionally, each housing 50 is of generally rectangular cross
section and is provided along its longitudinal sidewalls with
longitudinally extending dovetail shaped tongues 64 and grooves 66
on opposite sidewalls thereof. This enables any number of housing
modules 50 to be connected together to form a multiple terminal
connector. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 a number of connected modular
housings 50 are secured to each other and are retained in the
basket 36 at the upper end of the shoe 22 in the panel. The modules
are retained in the basket by semicircular slots 68 formed
transversely along the opposite sidewalls of the housing 50. The
slots receive ribs 70 formed along the length of the basket to
facilitate in retaining the modular array in the basket.
The end of each cord is provided with a mating array of modular
housings 50, a simplified single row version of which is shown in
FIG. 7. This arrangement comprises a generally channel shaped
retainer having sidewalls 74 which terminate in an inwardly
extending longitudinal rib 76. The mating array of modular housings
50 is disposed within the channel with the ribs 76 engaging the
aligned transverse slots 58 in the housing modules. The sidewalls
74 of the retainer 72 are urged together to grip firmly the modular
array by a pair of bolts 78 which are passed through the sidewalls
74 at opposite ends of the array. The bottom wall 80 of the
retainer 72 is provided with appropriate openings to enable the
cable 56 of each terminal to extend outwardly of the retainer and
be bound in a single, composite cable 44.
One aspect of the invention relates to an improved arrangement to
insure that the cable connector cannot be improperly connected with
its intended panel connector. In this regard, it should be noted
that although the flexibility which is obtained by using the
connectors of the type described is of material advantage, it is
possible that when making a connection, one may inadvertently
misalign, longitudinally, the cable connector with its intended
mating socket in the panel. In order to insure that such
mismatching cannot occur, the connector assembly is modified as
shown in FIG. 7 to include a blank module at each end of one of the
connector array. Thus, the connector array includes a plurality of
electrically operative housings 50 having their respective
extensions 58 and sockets 62. At each end of the array, a blank,
non-receptive housing 82 of the same external configuration as the
operative housing is provided. The blank housing 82 does not have
the receptive socket 62 as does the operative housings. The blank
housings 82 may be formed from operative housings by filling their
receptive sockets 62 with an appropriate material or,
alternatively, may comprise a separately formed member of the
general external configuration as the housings but which is
completely solid. Although the preferred arrangement is to employ a
blank member 82 which is similar in external configuration to the
housing 50, other means may be provided to insure that the end most
housings of one connector array can only be engaged by the
intended, end-most connectors of the mating connector array. Thus,
any appropriate socket-free means located at one or both ends of at
least one of the connector arrays to preclude engagement of a
misaligned mating connector array may be employed.
FIG. 8 shows somewhat diagrammatically, how the connector of FIG. 7
is employed, for example, in association with one of the panel
connectors 32. It will be seen that the cord connector carrying the
dummy modules 82 can only be mated with the connector in the basket
36 when the modules 50 of each connector array are aligned
properly.
Thus the modules are connectable to each other in a variety of
configurations to provide any of a number of module arrays. The
modular arrays for each of the electrical connectors 32 may be
varied to insure that all of the connectors 32 in the wall panels
14c of a given floor plan region are different, thus precluding
inadvertent mismatching of cords and connectors. Additionally, the
distribution boxes and relay boxes also may include connector
arrays formed from the foregoing connector modules in an
arrangement corresponding to those in the wall panels 14c. With
this arrangement, any given cord may be connected only to one of
the connectors in the wall panel and to one connector in the
distribution box or relay box.
Thus, I have described an improved wall panel system and integral
electrical system which enables the wall panels to be rearranged in
other floor plan configurations with minimal effort. Additionally,
substantial economies are achieved because the panels with integral
electrical appliances and wiring therefor may be fabricated
completely in a factory and may be connected to the source of
electrical power and the installation with minimal effort. It
should be understood, however, that the foregoing description of
the invention is intended merely to be illustrative thereof and
that other embodiments and modifications will be apparent to those
skilled in the art without departing from its spirit.
* * * * *