U.S. patent number 3,718,936 [Application Number 05/109,072] was granted by the patent office on 1973-02-27 for electrostatic matrix head construction.
This patent grant is currently assigned to American Express Investment Management Company. Invention is credited to Philip J. Rice, Jr..
United States Patent |
3,718,936 |
Rice, Jr. |
February 27, 1973 |
ELECTROSTATIC MATRIX HEAD CONSTRUCTION
Abstract
A matrix head for use in electrostatic printing is formed from a
plurality of stacked printed circuit boards. Each circuit board is
printed on both sides with conductive strips, the strips on one
side being perpendicularly aligned to the strips on the other side.
The conductive strips on one side terminate at a common edge to
form a plurality of printing elements, i.e., discharge points. Each
strip is electrically connected to a conductive strip on the other
side of the board by means of a front-to-back conductively plated
hole. The stacked boards provide along one side an array of
character printing areas, the discharge points of each area are
controlled by electrical leads to the conductive strips on the
circuit board.
Inventors: |
Rice, Jr.; Philip J. (Atherton,
CA) |
Assignee: |
American Express Investment
Management Company (San Francisco, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
22325630 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/109,072 |
Filed: |
June 16, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
347/148; 29/830;
178/25; 346/139C; 174/261; 361/778 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B41J
2/395 (20130101); Y10T 29/49126 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
B41J
2/395 (20060101); B41J 2/39 (20060101); G01d
015/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;346/74CH,74ES,74E,74S,74SC,74SB,74EB,139C ;178/25,30
;317/11CM,11D |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
Brown, A. V. Fabricating Miniature Strip Lines. IBM Technical
Disclosure; Vol. 12, No. 10, March 1970; pp 1637-1681..
|
Primary Examiner: Konick; Bernard
Assistant Examiner: Lucas; Jay P.
Claims
I claim:
1. A multi character matrix printing head assembly for
electrostatic printers comprising a plurality of stacked,
superposed, printed circuit insulative boards cemented together,
each of said boards having a leading edge and trailing edge, and
including a plurality of groups of mutually spaced linear printing
electrodes on one side of each board which terminate along the
leading edge of said board a number of spaced back electrodes on an
opposite side of said board which is equal to the number of
printing electrodes in a group, the back electrodes extending
parallel to the leading edge over substantially the full length of
the leading edge, and means for electrically connecting each
printing electrode of each group to a preselected back electrode,
whereby corresponding printing electrodes in each of the group are
electrically connected together and isolated from other elements in
the same character position.
2. A method for assembling a matrix printing head comprising the
steps of:
a. selecting seven identical printed circuit boards, each board
including at least one grouping of spaced printing electrodes on
one side thereof, the printing electrode terminating along a common
edge of the board at equally spaced apart points, each grouping
containing the same number of printing electrodes, a plurality,
equal to the number of printing electrodes within a group, of
spaced back electrodes on the opposite side of the board, and means
for electrically connecting each of said printing electrodes to a
back electrode whereby each printing electrode within a group is
electrically isolated from other printing electrodes on the board
within the same group, and connected to corresponding electrodes in
the other groups;
b. superposing said seven circuit boards one atop another in a
staggered pattern to expose the back electrode of each preceding
circuit board;
c. cementing said boards together; and
d. cutting the staggered cemented boards through a line parallel to
the back electrodes to expose a planar array of printing
stylii.
3. A multi-character printing head comprising a plurality of
elongate insulative circuit boards stacked one on top of the other
and secured to each other, the boards of each stack having a common
aligned edge defining a printing surface of the head, the boards
further having progressively varying widths so that a portion of a
side of each board remote from the printing surface is exposed, a
plurality of printing electrode sets, each set having a plurality
of electrodes distributed over the length of each board, the
electrodes on each board being secured to another side of the board
and terminating at the printing surface, printing electrode sets on
adjacent boards being mutually aligned, the printing electrodes
further extending away from the printing surface to the area of the
exposed sides, back electrodes running over substantially the
length of the boards parallel to the printing surface secured to
the exposed sides of the respective boards, the number of back
electrodes equalling the number of printing electrodes in the sets,
and means connecting each back electrode with the printing
electrode in a given relative position within a set.
4. A matrix printing head assembly comprising a laminate of a
plurality of flat insulative boards, each board having a top
surface, a bottom surface, and at least one edge, the one edge of
each board being aligned with the one edge of each other board to
define a planar surface, the top and bottom surface of each
successive insulative board extending progressively beyond the top
and bottom surface of the preceding board; a plurality of printing
arrays positioned on said planar surface, each array composed of a
rectangular grid of electrically conductive writing stylii
substantially uniformly spaced one from another, the size of each
grid corresponding to the size of an alphanumeric character to be
printed, a plurality of groupings of mutually spaced printing
electrodes disposed on the bottom surface of each insulative board,
said electrodes terminating along said one edge of said board to
define said electrically conductive writing stylii; a plurality of
parallely spaced back electrodes on the top surface of said
insulative board, disposed at right angles to said printing
electrodes and passing thereabove, the number of back electrodes
corresponding to the number of printing electrodes in each grouping
of printing electrodes for a given board , the back electrodes of
each board being disposed on that portion of the board extending
beyond the board stacked immediately adjacent thereto, the printing
electrodes extending from said edge to a point directly below said
back electrodes; and means electrically connecting each printing
electrode to a single back electrode carried on the same board,
corresponding elements in each character position being connected
to the same back electrode and insulated from other elements in the
same character position.
5. A matrix printing head for an electrostatic printer comprising
in combination a plurality of printed circuit insulative boards
superposed one atop another, each board having a leading edge and a
trailing edge, the leading edges of said boards being aligned to
define a planar surface; at least two groups of spaced electrodes
on one side of each board, the number of electrodes within each
group being the same, said groups of electrodes terminating at the
leading edge of said board at spaced points to define a row of
printing elements; a plurality of continuous spaced, back
electrodes on the other side of each board equal in number to the
number of printing electrodes within a group, and means for
electrically connecting each of said back electrodes to
corresponding ones of said printing electrodes in each group
whereby each printing electrode within a group is electrically
isolated from other printing electrodes within the same group so
that a plurality of groups can be formed on one set of circuit
boards and interconnected on these same circuit boards, and
connected to corresponding electrodes within each other group.
6. The matrix printing head of claim 5 wherein the printing
electrodes are parallel spaced, intersecting the leading edge of
the board at right angles thereto, and the back electrodes are
parallel spaced, disposed at right angles to said printing
electrodes and extend over substantially the full length of the
planar surface.
7. The matrix printing head of claim 5 wherein the insulative
boards define a step-like configuration, the spaced back electrodes
on each board lying on that portion of each board which extends
beyond the trailing edge of the preceding insulative board.
8. The matrix printing head of claim 5 wherein the back electrodes
of each board are electrically connected to the corresponding
printing electrodes on the same board by plated through holes
provided in said insulative board.
9. The matrix printing head of claim 5 including an insulative base
board mounted beneath the bottommost board of the matrix printing
head.
Description
This invention relates to electrostatic matrix printing heads, and
more particularly, to a novel construction for such a matrix
printing head.
A typical matrix head for use in electrostatic printers normally
comprises an array of wires. The points of these wires are arranged
in a common plane and spaced opposite from a back plate or counter
electrode. Dielectric paper is inserted between the points of the
wires and the back plates and a voltage applied to select wires in
the configuration of a character or numeral to be printed. When the
voltage exceeds a predetermined threshhold value, the resultant
voltage discharge from the selected wires establishes an
electrostatic latent image on the paper which is thereafter toned
and fixed according to well known xerographic techniques.
In a typical matrix-type character printer, the matrix printing
assembly consists of 72 groups of wires, each group being the size
of one alphanumeric character and comprising 35 closely spaced
individual electrodes in a rectangle 5 wires wide by 7 wires high.
All of these 2,520 wires are in contact with the dielectric side of
the paper in a horizontal line. Behind the paper and in contact
with the conducting side opposite each 5 by 7 group is a single
counter electrode. The counter electrodes may individually be
pulsed electrically. Within the matrix printing assembly comprising
the array of 72 5.times.7 groups, like elements of the 72 character
groups are electrically connected together. For example, a single
wire connects the upper left hand element of each of the 72 groups.
Similar wires are connected to appropriate elements in each of the
groups. When a letter is to be printed, the wires corresponding in
the matrix head to said letter are activated in all the printing
heads. A circuit is established between the activated printing
heads and a single selected back plate such as by connection to
ground or application of a half amplitude wave. By sequentially
selecting and completing a circuit between the printing head
assembly and a given back plate in accordance with the rate in
which the characters are received, characters can be
electrostatically established on a line across the paper.
In U.S. Pat. No. 3,267,485, a complex matrix printing head assembly
is described for incorporation into a matrix printer. Each printing
head is constructed from a stack of thin circuit boards having a
plurality of mutually spaced electrodes coated thereon. The
electrical leads for each of the electrodes terminate short of the
respective electrode so as to be physically disconnected therefrom,
and a resistor is connected between the electrode and electrical
lead. On the opposite surface of the insulating board is an
auxiliary electrode. All the electrodes terminate in a common plane
on one surface of the assembly to form an array of writing stylii
with auxilliary electrodes spaced therefrom. Assembly of a
plurality of these electrode printing units to form a matrix
printing head requires connection of the units one to another
through wiring external of the matrix head.
An object of this invention is to provide a novel construction for
a matrix printing head and matrix printing assembly.
Another object of this invention is to provide a matrix head and
assembly of simplified, and less costly construction.
A further object of this invention is to provide a more rugged
printing head assembly containing no external wiring.
In accord with these above objects, a simplified matrix head
construction is contemplated which comprises a plurality of printed
circuit boards superposed one atop another. For the 5.times.7
character matrix, seven boards are cemented together. On the front
side of the board, the conducting areas are formed in groups of
five linear fingers, the ends of which after assembly will form the
stylii for contacting the dielectric side of the paper. Each group
corresponds to one character position. On the back side of the
board the conducting areas comprise five linear strips. Preferably
these strips are disposed at right angles to the fingers on the
front of the board. Corresponding fingers in each group are
electrically connected by appropriately positioned front to back
plate-through holes (holes having electrically plated walls) or
other suitable conducting means. The corresponding elements in each
character position are thus electrically connected together and
isolated from other elements in the same character position.
Between each circuit board a thin layer of insulative material is
interposed to prevent electrical interference between electrodes of
successive circuit boards.
The completed matrix printing head assembly will contain 72 groups
of writing stylii each group the size of one alphanumeric
character. The matrix head assembly can be formed from a single
unit, or if desired from several smaller units, say 10 characters
wide, the units butted together. Electrical connection between the
units would comprise sets of 35 short jumper wires across each butt
joint.
In a preferred embodiment of this invention, it is contemplated
that the size of the printed circuit boards be varied whereby that
portion of each board which carries the back electrodes will extend
or project beyond the edge of the printed circuit board stacked
immediately above. By resorting to this staggered or step-like
configuration, the necessity of providing the insulative material,
otherwise required, is eliminated. Additionally, as the electrical
conducting paths are not superposed overtop one another, there is
less likelihood of electrically induced interference with the
printing electrodes of an adjacent board. Such a matrix head
configuration may easily be constructed by first staggering a
plurality of identical boards and cementing them together. After
curing of the cement, the stack can be cut square to expose the
ends of the printing electrodes which form the writing stylii.
A more complete description of this invention will be given in
connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a fragmented isometric view of a printing head matrix
according to this invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary isometric view of the top two
printed circuit boards illustrated in FIG. 1; and
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary bottom elevation of a circuit board as
shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrating the arrangements of the
printing electrodes.
With reference now to the drawings wherein like numerals refer to
like elements throughout the several views, a matrix printing head
10 is illustrated which is formed from a plurality of stacked
circuit boards 12. These circuit boards may be constructed of any
suitable material, preferably the types of materials presently used
with printed circuitry. Such a board may be composed of an epoxy
resin impregnated glass cloth, and the metal coating may be of
copper, stainless steel, or other materials suitable for forming
electrode leads.
A plurality of mutually spaced printing electrodes 14 on the
underside 13 of the boards 12 terminate along a leading edge 16
defining writing stylii 18. On the opposite side 17 of printed
circuit boards 12 are a plurality of mutually spaced back
electrodes, or conductive paths 20 aligned essentially
perpendicular to the printing electrodes 14. The electrodes 14 are
arranged in groups of five, the spacing in between each group
corresponding to the spacing between the alphanumeric characters to
be printed. The length of the printing electrodes 14 in a given
array progressively decreases from left to right when the circuit
board is viewed from the leading edge. Enlarged portions 22 are
provided at the end of the printing electrodes away from the
writing end. Holes 24 drilled through the printed circuit boards,
the walls of which are conductively coated, are spaced at
appropriate points along back electrodes 20, and electrically
communicate with the enlarged end portions 22 of the corresponding
printing electrodes 14 on the opposite side of the printed circuit
board 12. At the bottom of the matrix head, insulative board 26 is
provided to increase the strength of the overall structure and
protect the printing electrodes on the underside of the bottommost
printed circuit board.
In printing, the terminal ends of the back electrodes 20 are
connected to an appropriate information source. The information
input to the matrix printing head may be one of any of those
commonly utilized with printers of this type, such as for example
computer information input, telegraph input, light actuated input,
and the like. Electrostatic paper is inserted between the matrix
head and the counter electrodes (not shown). The appropriate
conductive paths are energized to energize the writing stylii of
the 5.times.7 arrays in the configuration of the character to be
electrostatically established on the paper. This character is
established in all of the arrays 30 of the matrix printing head 10.
To print, a single counter electrode in the desired position on the
other side of the paper is connected to ground, or otherwise
connected to the matrix head to complete a circuit with only a
selected one of the arrays 30. The voltage discharge forms an
electrostatic image on the paper at the desired position along the
matrix head. In a similar manner images of other characters are
established in the other character position. Such an arrangement
for selectively printing from only one of a plurality of similarly
addressed arrays of electrostatic stylii using a plurality of
counter electrodes is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,434,157. When
all the desired character charge images in a horizontal line have
been deposited, the paper advances past a developing station where
toner makes the image visible.
To prepare a staggered printing matrix head assembly according to
this invention, a desired number of similarly sized printed circuit
boards are overlaid one atop another and staggered to expose the
back electrodes of each preceding printed circuit board. The boards
are cemented together, and then cut along a line parallel to the
back electrodes to expose a planar array of printing stylii.
The printed circuit boards themselves may be prepared by standard
photoetching techniques. By way of illustration, printed circuit
boards are usually covered with a layer of copper on both sides.
Photo resist is coated on one side and a pattern corresponding to
the positioning of the back electrodes is projected onto the photo
resist covered side. The resist hardens where exposed to light, and
unexposed resist is thereafter washed away to leave a photo resist
pattern corresponding to the electrode pattern. The surface is then
etched except where the photo resist has hardened. The photo resist
is then removed, the copper in the pattern of the back electrodes
remaining on the board. A similar process is repeated on the
opposite side of the board to establish the printing electrodes in
the configuration described. After the electrodes have been
established on the printing boards, a small amount of metal may be
deposited at the tips of the printing electrodes to form larger
contact points.
Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail
by way of illustration and example for purposes of clarity of
understanding, it is understood that certain changes and
modifications may be practiced within the spirit of the invention
as limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *