U.S. patent number 3,718,750 [Application Number 05/188,378] was granted by the patent office on 1973-02-27 for electrical connector.
This patent grant is currently assigned to General Motors Corporation. Invention is credited to Eugene H. Sayers.
United States Patent |
3,718,750 |
Sayers |
February 27, 1973 |
ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR
Abstract
In a preferred form, this disclosure relates to an electrical
connector means having a tin plated metal female terminal and a tin
plated male terminal made from a metallic material which is softer
than that of the female terminal. The female terminal has a body
portion which is adapted to be connected with an electrical lead,
such as a printed circuit on a printed circuit board, and an
elongated ferrule portion which is C-shaped, as viewed in cross
section. The male terminal is generally cylindrically shaped and
has a knurled shank portion and with the apices of the individual
knurls lying on a circumscribed diameter which is greater than the
internal diameter of the C-shaped ferrule portion of the female
terminal. The male terminal is connected to the female terminal by
intersecting the same into the ferrule portion which causes the
C-shaped ferrule portion to radially expand and the knurls on the
shank portion to plastically deform whereby the male terminal is
connected to the female terminal as a result of the contracting
force exerted by the female terminal and the plastic deformation of
the knurls of the male terminal.
Inventors: |
Sayers; Eugene H. (Kokomo,
IN) |
Assignee: |
General Motors Corporation
(Detroit, MI)
|
Family
ID: |
22692888 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/188,378 |
Filed: |
October 12, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
174/94R; 439/389;
361/776; 439/874; 361/729 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01R
12/523 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01r 005/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;339/17,18,95,275,276,278 ;174/94R ;317/101 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: McGlynn; Joseph H.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An electrical connector means comprising: a metal female
terminal having a body portion which is adapted to be connected
with an electrical lead and an elongated ferrule portion which is
C-shaped, as viewed in cross section, said C-shaped ferrule portion
being elastic and radially expandable and contractible, said
C-shaped portion having a given nominal internal diameter; a metal
cylindrically shaped male terminal having a knurled shank portion
and with the apices of the individual knurls lying on a
circumscribed circle having a nominal diameter which is greater
than the given diameter of said C-shaped ferrule portion of said
female terminal, said female terminal being made from a metal which
is harder than the metal of the male terminal, said male terminal
being connectable to said female terminal by inserting the same
into the ferrule portion, said knurled shank portion engaging said
ferrule portion and causing the same to radially expand and said
knurls plastically deforming as said male terminal is inserted
therein whereby said male terminal is connected to the female
terminal as a result of the contracting force exerted by the female
terminal and by the plastic deformation of the knurls and with the
latter also providing for area contact between the terminals.
2. An electrical connector means comprising: a tin plated metal
female terminal having a body portion which is adapted to be
connected with an electrical lead and an elongated ferrule portion
disposed transversely of the body portion and which is C-shaped, as
viewed in cross section, said C-shaped ferrule portion being
resilient and radially expandable and contractible, said C-shaped
ferrule portion having an internal diameter within maximum and
minimum tolerance variations from a given nominal internal
diameter, a tin plated metal cylindrically shaped male terminal
having a knurled shank portion and with the apices of the
individual knurls lying on a circumscribed diameter which is
greater than the maximum internal diameter of said C-shaped ferrule
portion of said female terminal, said knurls extending axially of
said shank portion, said female terminal being made from a metal
which is harder than the metal of the male terminal, said male
terminal being connectable to said female terminal by inserting the
same into the ferrule portion thereof, said knurl shank portion
engaging said ferrule portion and causing the same to be radially
expanded and said knurls plastically deforming as the male terminal
is inserted therein whereby said male terminal is connected to the
female terminal as a result of the contracting force exerted by the
female terminal, by the plastic deformation of the knurls and by
the localized cold welding which takes place as a result of the tin
to tin interface between the terminals, said plastic deformation of
the knurls and said localized cold welding also providing for area
contact between the terminals so as to insure electrical conduction
therebetween.
3. An electrical connector means for use with a plurality of
stacked printed circuit boards comprising: a plurality of aligned,
but spaced apart female terminals which are adapted to be connected
at one end to the printed circuit boards and the other end received
within counterbored apertures in a support housing, said female
terminals having a body portion which is adapted to be connected
with the printed circuit boards and an elongated ferrule portion
which is disposed transversely of the body portion and is received
within the apertures of the housing, said ferrule portion being
C-shaped, as viewed in cross section, and having an internal
diameter within established tolerance limitations from a given
nominal internal diameter, a metal cylindrically shaped male
terminal having an elongated knurled shank portion and with the
knurls extending axially of the shank portion, said knurls having
their apices lying on a circumscribed diameter which is greater
than the maximum diameter of the C-shaped ferrule portion of the
female terminal, said female terminals being made from a metal
which is harder than the metal of the male terminal, said male
terminal being connectable to said aligned female terminals by
inserting the same into the ferrule portions thereof, said knurl
shank portion engaging said ferrule portions of the female
terminals and causing the same to radially expand and the knurls
plastically deforming as the male terminals are inserted therein
whereby the male terminal is connected to the female terminals as a
result of the contracting force exerted by the female terminals and
by the plastic deformation of the knurls and with the latter also
providing for an area contact between the terminals to insure
electrical conductivity therebetween.
Description
The present invention relates to an electrical connector means.
Heretofore, electrical connectors comprising a female terminal
having a radially expandible ferrule portion and a male terminal in
the form of a cylindrical pin which was insertable into the ferrule
portion of the female terminal have been provided. The male
terminal upon insertion into the ferrule portion of the female
terminal caused the ferrule portion to be radially expanded and
engage the cylindrical pin with a contracting force. One of the
problems with such prior connectors is that they relied solely on
the contracting force of the ferrule portion of the female terminal
to insure a mechanical connection as well as providing a mechanical
interface between the terminals for electrical contact. Since it is
extremely difficult to make the parts so that they are perfectly
round or have a constant diameter, the resulting connection often
provided for only line contact at diametral opposite locations
between the cylindrical pin and the ferrule portion of the female
terminals. This oft times enabled corrosion to set in which in turn
resulted in poor electrical conduction between the connecting
parts.
The present invention provides an electrical connector means of the
above-noted type, but in which the problems noted with the prior
art connectors are overcome. Accordingly, a broad object of the
present invention is to provide a new and improved electrical
connector of the above noted type and which overcomes the
above-noted problems.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a new and
improved electrical connector of the above-noted type, and in which
a good mechanical and electrical connection is achieved by
providing for area contact between the connecting parts and in a
manner which inhibits corrosion from setting in so that electrical
conductivity is not affected.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a new
and improved electrical connector having a female terminal which
includes a radially expandible ferrule portion which is C-shaped,
as viewed in cross section, and a male terminal which is generally
cylindrical in shape and has a knurled shank portion, and in which
the ferrule portion of the female terminal is caused to radially
expand upon insertion of the male terminal and the knurls on the
male terminal are caused to plastically deform whereby good area
contact between the terminals is established to maximize electrical
conductivity therebetween.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a new and
improved electrical connector, as defined in the next preceding
object, and in which both of the terminals are tin plated so that
when the male terminal is inserted into the ferrule portion of the
female terminal a localized cold welding effect takes place
therebetween so as to further minimize corrosion.
The present invention further resides in various novel
constructions and arrangement of parts, and further objects, novel
characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be
apparent to those skilled in the art to which it relates and from
the following detailed description of the illustrated embodiments
thereof made with reference to the accompanying drawings forming a
part of this specification and in which similar reference numerals
or characters are employed to designate corresponding parts
throughout the several views, and in which:
FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a housing means for
supporting stacked printed circuit boards and which embodies the
novel electrical connector means of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken approximately along line
2--2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of the male terminal of the
electrical connector means of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken
approximately along line 4--4 of Figure 3; and
FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken
approximately along line 5--5 of FIG. 1.
The present invention provides a novel electrical connector means
10. Although the electrical connector means 10 of the present
invention could be used in various types of applications, it is
particularly susceptible for use in electrically connecting various
circuits on different stacked printed circuit boards together. For
the purposes of illustration and description, it will be herein
shown and described as being used for the latter purpose.
The electrical connector means 10 broadly comprises a female
terminal 12 and a male terminal 14. The female terminal 12 has a
body portion 15 in the form of a flat strip of sheet metal and a
ferrule portion 16 integrally connected with one end of the body
portion 15. The ferrule portion 16 extends transversely or
perpendicularly to the body portion 15 and is C-shaped, as viewed
in cross section, to define a pair of opposed semicircular arms or
sections 18. The ferrule portion 16 is resilient or elastic and is
radially expandable and contractible. The arms 18 are integrally
connected at one end and have their opposite ends spaced from each
other to define a gap 20 therebetween. The ferrule portion 16 has
an internal diameter d of the given or predetermined nominal value.
It will, of course, be understood that the internal diameter d can
vary between maximum and minimum limits from the given nominal
diameter within established tolerance limitations.
The male terminal 14 has a head portion 24, a shank portion 26 and
an end portion 27. The head portion 24 is in the form of a
cylindrical pin which is rounded at its upper end and which is
adapted to be inserted within a suitable mating female terminal.
The shank portion 26 is generally cylindrical in shape and has a
plurality of axially extending, circumferentially spaced knurls 28
thereon. Adjacent knurls 28 define axially extending recesses 29
therebetween. The knurls 28 are generally triangular in shape, as
viewed in cross section, and have apices 30 which lie on a
circumscribed circle 31 having a minimum diameter d.sub.1 which is
greater than the maximum diameter d of the ferrule portion 16 of
the female terminal 12. The tapered portion 27 is rounded at its
bottom 32 and progressively, axially tapers radially inwardly
proceeding from the shank portion 26 towards its rounded bottom
32.
The female terminal 12 is made from a metal material which is
harder than the metal material from which the male terminal 14 is
made. Preferably the female terminal is made from a phosphor bronze
metal and the male terminal is made from brass. Both the male and
female terminals are also preferably tin plated, as indicated by
reference numerals 33 and 34.
The male terminal 14 is connectable to the female terminal 12 by
inserting the same into the ferrule portion 16. As the shank
portion 26 is inserted into the ferrule portion 16, the knurls 28
will cause the ferrule portion 16 to be radially expanded, since
the diameter d.sub.1 of the knurls 28 is greater than the internal
diameter d of the ferrule portion 16. The elastic arms 18 of the
ferrule radially expand and exert a contracting spring force on the
shank portion 26 of the male terminal 12. Also, as the shank
portion 26 is received within the ferrule portion 16, the knurls 28
will be plastically deformed. That is, their apices 30 will be
flattened and rounded and with the metal therefrom being cold
flowed into the recesses 29 between the adjacent knurls 28, as
shown in FIG. 5. Additionally, since both the male and female
terminals 14 and 12 are tin plated, a localized cold welding or
galling between the knurls 28 and the ferrule portion 16 of the
female terminal 12 takes place.
From the foregoing, it can be seen that a mechanical connection
between the male and female terminals is achieved by (1 ) the
contracting spring force of the ferrule portion 16 against the
shank portion 26 of the male terminal, (2) the plastic deformation
of the knurls 28 on the male terminal 14 which provides area
contact at circumferentially spaced locations with the ferrule
portion 16 of the female terminal so as to increase a frictional
engagement therebetween and (3) due to the localized cold welding
between the mechanical interfaces between the two terminals. The
above-noted connection also insures good electrical contact since
(1) there is area contact between the male and female terminals and
(2) the localized cold welding between the tin plated terminals
inhibits corrosion or oxide build-ups on the terminals, since the
localized cold welding eliminates a mechanical interface. Insertion
of the male terminal 14 into the female terminal 12 is facilitated
by a rounded tapered end 24.
As shown in FIG. 1, the electrical connector means 10 of the
present invention is particularly useful in applications utilizing
stacked printed circuit boards 40, such as in an electronic control
package or assembly for controlling operation of a fuel injection
system for an automotive vehicle. As shown in FIG. 1, the
individual printed circuit boards 40 are supported on individual
housings 41 having a central opening 42 which receives the printed
circuit board 40. The female terminal 12 is connected to the
printed circuit board 40 and at locations which are vertically
aligned with other female terminals 12. To this end the individual
female terminals 12 have a depending leg portion 45 which is
secured to the printed circuit board and which can be suitably
electrically connected with the printed circuit or circuits
thereon. The ferrule portions 16 are adapted to be received within
counterbored openings 46 in the housings 41 and with the lower end
thereof resting on a shoulder 47 in the housing at the end of the
counterbore. The body portion 15 is received within a slot 48 in
the inner side wall of the housing.
With the female terminals 12 vertically aligned, it is possible for
the male terminal 14 to be connected to a plurality of the female
terminals 12 so as to electrically interconnect one circuit board
with another circuit board.
Another advantage of the present invention is that the male member
14 can be disconnected and later reconnected to the various female
terminals 12 a number of times.
Although the illustrated embodiment hereof has been described in
great detail, it should be apparent that certain modifications,
changes, and adaptations may be made in the illustrated embodiment,
and that it is intended to cover all such modifications, changes
and adaptations which come within the spirit of the present
invention.
* * * * *