U.S. patent number 3,718,238 [Application Number 05/058,355] was granted by the patent office on 1973-02-27 for safety dispensing closure.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Polytop Corporation. Invention is credited to Robert E. Hazard, Woodrow S. Wilson.
United States Patent |
3,718,238 |
Hazard , et al. |
February 27, 1973 |
SAFETY DISPENSING CLOSURE
Abstract
A "safety" dispensing closure of the rotatable spout type can be
constructed utilizing a closure top and spout structure such that
the spout is recessed within the closure in a closed position and
utilizing a recess structure within the top for use in engaging the
spout so as to rotate it to an open position and utilizing a
plurality of coacting detent means which lock the spout in a closed
position against accidential or unadvertent movement.
Inventors: |
Hazard; Robert E. (North
Kingstown, RI), Wilson; Woodrow S. (Slatersville, RI) |
Assignee: |
Polytop Corporation
(Slatersville, RI)
|
Family
ID: |
22016317 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/058,355 |
Filed: |
July 27, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
222/536; 222/556;
222/538 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
47/305 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
47/04 (20060101); B65D 47/30 (20060101); B67d
003/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;222/534,536,53,533,556 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Tollberg; Stanley H.
Assistant Examiner: Smack, Jr.; Norman L.
Claims
I claim:
1. In a dispensing closure having a closure body and a spout, said
closure body having a top with a cavity having walls, said cavity
being located in said top for receiving said spout, said cavity
having an opening leading from its interior through said top and
mounting means for rotatably mounting said spout, said top
including support means for engaging said mounting means so that
said spout is rotatably mounted on said closure body, said closure
body being resilient, said spout having a passage extending
therethrough and being capable of being rotated with respect to
said closure body between an open position in which said passage is
aligned with said opening and a closed position in which said spout
seals off said opening, the improvement which comprises:
a recess located in said closure top adjacent to said cavity, said
recess being spaced from the periphery of said top,
a groove extending between said recess and said cavity,
a lip formed on said spot which will extend across said groove and
into said recess when said spout is in a closed position,
said cavity and said groove being large enough to receive all of
said spout with said lip extending across said groove and into a
portion of said recess adjacent to said groove,
first detent means located in the walls of said cavity at the sides
of said spout and second detent means on the sides of said spout,
said detent means being capable of coacting with one another so as
to hold said spout in said closed position,
whereby said spout is only capable of being rotated from said
closed position by engagement of said lip within said recess so as
to apply force to said lip and said spout so as to rotate said
spout,
said coacting detent means serving to oppose rotation of said spout
from said closed to said opened position and being capable of
releasing one another as a result of temporary material deformation
during such rotation so as permit such rotation,
said spout and said lip having a surface positioned in the same
plane as the upper surface of said top when said spout is in said
closed position.
2. A dispensing closure as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
said second detent means comprise groove means located at the sides
of said spout and said first detent means comprise ribs located on
the sides of said cavity so as to be opposite and fit into said
groove means when said spout is in said closed position.
3. A dispensing closure as claimed in claim 2 wherein:
said ribs fit against the under surface of said spout when said
spout is in said opened position so as to maintain said spout in
said opened position.
4. A dispensing closure as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
said second detent means comprise groove means located at the sides
of said spout and said first detent means comprise ribs located on
the sides of said cavity so as to be opposite and fit into said
groove means when said spout is in said closed position,
said ribs fit against the under surface of said spout when said
spout is in said opened position so as to maintain said spout in
said opened position.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Dispensing closures of the rotatable spout type are normally
constructed utilizing a closure body and a spout. In such a closure
the closure body is normally formed as an integral unit having a
top with a cavity located therein and an opening extending through
the top into the bottom of the cavity. Normally such a closure body
includes mounting mean associated with the cavity for rotatably
mounting the spout and is formed so that the spout can be "snapped"
into place on such mounting means by temporary material
deformation. The spout used in a closure of this type normally
includes a support mean or trunnions for engaging the mounting
means so as to rotatably mount the spout and a passage extending
through the spout. With such a structure the spout or a part of it
engages the closure body around the opening to form a seal within
when the spout is in a closed position. In such a structure the
spout is capable of being rotated to an open position in which the
passage is aligned with the opening in the closure body.
Closures of this type are unquestionably extremely utilitarian. of
them are sold and used every year. However, they suffer from one
feature which is considered to limit their commercial applicability
in the present market and in which it is through will limit their
commercial acceptance even more as safety considerations become
more and more significant. This feature is that these closures tend
to be relatively easy to open. While it may seem that this is an
advantage in many cases it is not.
Closures used with relatively hazardous or related materials should
be relatively difficult to open so that comparatively young
children or those or reduced mental capacity cannot open them under
normal circumstances. However, they should also be sufficiently
easy to open so that they may easily and conveniently be used by
individuals of a normal mental capacity, even if such individuals
do not possess what may be regarded as normal physical
strengths.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An objective of this invention is to provide new and improved
dispensing closures of the so-called rotatable spout type which may
be classified as safety closures. As used herein the expression
"safety closures" is intended to designate a closure which is
sufficiently difficult to open that it cannot be normally opened by
the average comparatively young child, but which can be opened
without significantly difficulty by the average person old enough
to have reasoning ability, even if such a person may not have
completely normal strength.
Further objectives of the present invention are to provide safety
dispensing closures of the type indicated which can be manufactured
and assembled, which may be easily and conveniently used as
dispensing closures and which are capable of giving prolonged
reliable performance as safety closures
In accordance with this invention these objectives are achieved by
providing in a dispensing closure of the rotatable spout type as
previously indicated a recess in the closure top, a groove extended
in the closure top between the recess and the cavity in which the
spout is located by providing a lip on the spout which will extend
across the groove and part way into the recess, and by providing
coacting detent means located on the spout in the closure body for
engaging one another so as to tend to hold the spout in a closed
position. With this structure the spout can only be rotated to an
opened position from a closed position by reaching into the recess
with a fingernail or any conveniently available hand held implement
so as to engage the lip in order to apply pressure to it against
the holding force of the detent means so as to rotate the spout
.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The nature of a construction embodying the present invention and
the manner in which the invention achieves the various objectives
indicated in the preceding is best explained with reference to the
remainder of this specification, the appended claims and the
accompanying drawing is which:
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a presently preferred embodiment or
form of a dispensing closure of this invention on a container
neck;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the closure shown in FIG. 1, a part of
the spout shown in this view being broken away and shown in section
for convenience of explanation;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken at line 3--3 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 3
showing the spout used in the closure in an open position.
From a consideration of the preceding it will be realized that the
dispensing closure illustrated is a presently preferred embodiment
or form of a closure embodying the concepts of the invention set
forth in appended claims. Through the use or exercise of routine
engineering and/or design skill these concepts can be embodied
within other somewhat differently appearing and/or constructed
closures.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In the drawing there is shown a dispensing closure 10 constructed
in accordance with this invention so as to include a closure body
or cap 12 and a spout 14. These two parts may be conveniently
formed so that each is an integral unit by common high speed
injection molding techniques using a polyolefin polymer such as
linear or nonlinear polyethylene, isotactic polyproplene. They can
also be formed out of other polymers having physical properties
which are similar to those of these polymers. It will be realized
that the polymers indicated are somewhat resilient and are capable
of temporary deformation.
The body 12 includes a planar top 16 carrying a dependent
peripheral skirt 18 which is provided with threads 20 adapted to
engage corresponding threads 22 on the neck 24 of a conventional
container. Various other equivalents known to the art may be used
instead of the threads 20 and/or if desired the skirt 18 can be
formed integral to the container wall. The top 16 carries a
dependent sealing ring 26 which is adapted to mate against the end
of the neck 24 when the closure 10 is installed upon this neck 24.
This top 16 is also provided with an elongated cavity 30 having
opposed sides 32.
A portion 34 of the bottom 36 of the cavity 30 is of a rounded,
cylindrical type shape having an axis coincident with the axis of
aligned bearing openings 38 located in the sides 32 of the cavity
30 adjacent to a back end wall 40. These bearing openings 38 are in
communication with the top 16 by means of entrances 42 defined by
opposed sloping walls 44. In the portion 34 there is located a
sealing ring 46 which extends completely around an opening 48
leading through the top 16. This sealing ring 46 may be constructed
in various ways known to the art. Preferably the sealing ring 46 is
constructed as shown in accordance with the Akers U.S. Pat. No.
3,495,745.
The cavity 30 has as what may be regarded as a front end wall 50
opposite the wall 40 and extending between the sides 32. This wall
50 does not extend to the plane of the top 16, and is separated
from the plane of this top 16 by means of a flat groove 52 which
extends between the sides 32. This wall 50 serves to separate the
recess 54 from the cavity 30 as shown in the drawing. The recess 54
extends generally between the sides 32 and is curved outwardly away
from the wall 50 at its center.
The spout 14 includes a generally cylindrical base 56 from which
there extends a spout part or nozzle 58. A passage 60 extends
completely through the base 56 and the nozzle 58 as shown. The base
56 and nozzle 58 have sides 62 which are slightly closer together
than the distance between the sides 32. The base 56 carries shafts
or trunnions 64 along the sides 62. These shafts 64 are axially
aligned with the base 56 and are dimensioned so as to fit within
the bearing openings 38 in such a manner as to bias the base 56
against the sealing ring 40. The entrances 42 are dimensioned so as
to enable the shafts 64 to be snapped or popped into the bearing
openings 38 by temporary material deformation during the assembly
of the closure 10.
When the closure 10 is assembled a small lip 66 extending from the
nozzle 58 extends through the groove 52 into the recess 54 so as to
terminate approximately one-third of the distance across the width
of this recess 54. It will be noted that the base 56 and the nozzle
58 and the lip 66 are all dimensioned so that the upper surface of
these parts lie flat in the same plane as the top 16 when the spout
14 is in a closed position as indicated in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 of the
drawing. This is desirable from an aesthetic point of view. It also
is desirable since it facilitates stacking of containers using
closures such as the closure 10. However, this is considered
important with the closure 10 since it means that the spout 14 in a
closed position is recessed completely within the closure top 16 of
the body 12 so that it cannot be inadvertently engaged so as to be
opened.
The closure 10 may be opened by inserting a fingernail or a hand
tool such as a nail file, a coin or the like into the recess 54 so
as to pry up upon the lip 66. The portion of the top 16 adjacent to
the recess 54 may be used as a fulcrum during such an operation.
When this is done as soon as the lip 66 passes the groove 52 the
spout 14 may be rotated to an open position as shown in FIG. 4. In
this opened position the base 56 fits around the sealing ring 46 so
that the passage 60 is in alignment with the opening 48 and so that
a seal is formed between the spout 14 and the sealing ring 46. Such
a seal is also formed when the spout is in other portions such as
the closed position shown in the initial three figures of the
drawing. In this opened position a portion of the nozzle 58 fits
flush against the flat wall 40 so that a user may be certain that
the spout 14 is in a proper opened position.
The spout 14 is also held in this position by coacting detent means
comprising elongated rib 68 formed on the sides 32 and
corresponding grooves 70 in the sides 72. These ribs 68 are adapted
to fit within the grooves 70 so as to tend to hold the spout 14 in
a closed position when the spout 14 is in such position. Thus, they
protect against the possibility of some child of comparatively
minor strength engaging the lip 66 so as to rotate the spout 14.
During rotation of the spout 14 because of forces being applied to
the lip 66 the ribs 68 will pop out of the groove 70 as a result of
temporary material deformation, alowing the spout 14 to be rotated
to an opened position.
This safety feature alone could be achieved by reversing the
positions of the ribs 68 and the groove 70 so that the groove 70
would be positioned in the sides 32 and so that the ribs 68 would
be positioned on the spout 14. It is preferred, however, to utilize
the ribs 68 on the sides 32 and to have them sufficiently long so
that they will engage the under surface 72 of the nozzle 58 in
order to hold the spout 14 in an opened position as shown.
As a further precaution against undesired movement of the spout 14
between closed and opened positions the base 56 of the spout 14 may
carry a small rounded rib 74 which extends axially along the base
56. This rib 74 is designed to engage the wall 40 so as to impede
rotation of the spout 14. However, by virtue of the material used
in the body 12 and/or the spout 14 as a result of temporary
material deformation rotation of the spout 14 is still possible. If
desired the rib 72 can be constructed as shown in the Akers U.S.
Pat. No. 3,283,967 so as to hold the spout 14 in an opened
position.
It is also possible to form a groove 76 in the end of the nozzle 58
immediately beneath the lip 66 and to form on the wall 50 a
corresponding rib 78 which will fit within the groove 76 when the
spout 14 is in a closed position. This constitutes another coacting
detent means which can be released as a result of temporary
material deformation when the spout 14 is rotated to an opened
position. The relative positions of the groove 76 and the rib 78
may be reversed if this is desired.
It will be noted that the rib 78 and the groove 76 in effect act as
a seal structure extending between the sides 32 so as to tend to
prevent the egress of air into the passage 60 when the spout 14 is
in a closed position. In order to prevent drying of any material
which might be entrained in this passage 60 the end of the nozzle
58 is preferably dimensioned so as to fit closely against the wall
50 when the spout 14 is in a closed position.
From a careful consideration of the preceding it will be realized
that the closure 10 is a simple, effective safety type closure
which achieves the various objectives of the invention as indicated
in the preceding portions of this specification. The closure 10 is
constructed in such a manner that it can only be opened with
relative difficulty. It is further constructed in such a manner
that even a person who is physically comparatively weak can open
it.
* * * * *