U.S. patent number 3,714,507 [Application Number 05/120,125] was granted by the patent office on 1973-01-30 for controlled variable spark capacitor discharge ignition system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Delta Products, Inc.. Invention is credited to Edward M. Junak, John C. Schweitzer.
United States Patent |
3,714,507 |
Schweitzer , et al. |
January 30, 1973 |
CONTROLLED VARIABLE SPARK CAPACITOR DISCHARGE IGNITION SYSTEM
Abstract
A capacitor discharge type ignition system is arranged to
deliver pulses of energy to the distributor of an engine, thereby
to generate ignition sparks. A control circuit is provided for
controlling the duration of the energy pulses, and hence the
duration of ignition sparks, as a function of selected operating
conditions of the ignition system and its associated engine, such
as, supply voltage level, operating temperature and engine
speed.
Inventors: |
Schweitzer; John C. (Grand
Junction, CO), Junak; Edward M. (Grand Junction, CO) |
Assignee: |
Delta Products, Inc. (Grand
Junction, CO)
|
Family
ID: |
22388416 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/120,125 |
Filed: |
March 2, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
315/209CD;
123/598; 315/209R; 315/209T; 315/223; 315/209SC; 315/212 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F02P
3/0884 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F02P
3/00 (20060101); F02P 3/08 (20060101); H01t
015/02 (); F02p 003/06 (); F02p 005/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;315/209,223,29CD,29SC,29T,212,223 ;328/58 ;123/148,148E |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Saalbach; Herman Karl
Assistant Examiner: Nussbaum; Marvin
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An ignition system for delivering pulses of energy of controlled
durations to distributor means of an engine of the type having
combustion chambers with a spark plug associated with each of said
combustion chambers so that ignition sparks of controlled durations
are generated across the spark gaps of said spark plugs to ignite
combustible fuel delivered to said combustion chambers; said
ignition system comprising:
a storage capacitor;
a charging circuit having input and output terminals, said charging
circuit having its output terminals connected across said storage
capacitor and being operable to charge said storage capacitor to a
high potential D.C. voltage when a low potential D.C. voltage
source is connected to its input terminals;
an ignition coil having primary and secondary windings, said
ignition coil having its secondary winding connected to said
distributor means;
timing means for generating a series of time signals corresponding
to the movements of said engine;
control circuit means responsive to each of said time signals for
generating a switch control signal, said control circuit means
being operable to sense the level of D.C. voltage supplied to the
input terminals of said charging circuit and generate switch
control signals having durations which are a function of the level
of said D.C. voltage supplied; and
switch means responsive to each of said switch control signals for
connecting said storage capacitor in closed circuit with the
primary winding of said ignition coil during a time interval
substantially equal to the duration of said switch control signal
whereby an L-C circuit is formed by said storage capacitor and the
primary winding of said ignition coil which resonates during the
time interval said storage capacitor and said primary winding are
connected in closed circuit so that a pulse of energy of controlled
duration is delivered by the secondary winding of said ignition
coil to said distributor means to generate an ignition spark of
corresponding duration.
2. The invention recited in claim 1, wherein said control circuit
means is responsive to the rate at which said time signals are
generated to generate switch control signals having durations which
are also a function of the speed of said engine as measured by the
rate at which said time signals are generated.
3. An ignition system for delivering pulses of energy of controlled
durations to distributor means of an engine of the type having
combustion chambers with a spark plug associated with each of said
combustion chambers so that ignition sparks of controlled durations
are generated across the spark gaps of said spark plugs to ignite
combustible fuel delivered to said combustion chambers, said
ignition system comprising:
a storage capacitor;
a charging circuit having input and output terminals, said charging
circuit having its output terminals connected across said storage
capacitor and being operable to charge said storage capacitor to a
high potential D.C. voltage when a low potential D.C. voltage
source is connected to its input terminals;
an ignition coil having primary and secondary windings, said
ignition coil having its secondary winding connected to said
distributor means;
a silicon controlled rectifier having anode, cathode and gate
electrodes;
electrical leads connecting said storage capacitor, the primary
winding of said ignition coil, and the anode-cathode path of said
silicon controlled rectifier in a closed circuit so that said
silicon controlled rectifier functions as a switch for controlling
the operation of the L-C circuit formed by said storage capacitor
and said primary winding;
breaker contact means associated with said engine for opening and
closing in synchronism with the movements of said engine so as to
generate a series of time signals corresponding to the time
interval said contact means are open;
control circuit means responsive to each of said time signals for
generating a control signal having a duration which is a function
of the level of D.C. voltage supplied to the input terminals of
said charging circuit, operating temperature and engine speed as
represented by the rate at which said time signals are generated by
said contact means, said control circuit means being connected to
the gate electrode of said silicon controlled rectifier to supply
said control signals generated thereto to bias said silicon
controlled rectifier into conduction whereby the L-C circuit formed
by said storage capacitor and the primary winding of said ignition
coil resonates during the time interval said silicon controlled
rectifier conducts so that a pulse of energy of controlled duration
is delivered by the secondary winding of said ignition coil to said
distributor means to generate an ignition spark of corresponding
duration.
4. The invention recited in claim 3 including a load resistor in
said control circuit means connected to the gate electrode of said
silicon controlled rectifier and wherein said control circuit means
is operable to generate said control signals applied to said gate
electrode across said load resistor and said control circuit means
includes:
switch means having a control electrode to which is applied a turn
on voltage to bias said switch means into conduction, said switch
means being temperature sensitive so that its turn on voltage
varies as a function of temperature, said switch means being
connected across said load resistor to shunt said load resistor
whenever said switch means conducts; and
an R-C circuit means having terminals for connection to the same
D.C. voltage source connected to the input terminals of said
charging circuit whereby to sense and be driven by said same D.C.
source, said R-C circuit means being connected to the control
electrode of said switch means to supply bias voltage thereto, said
R-C circuit means being operable to generate a bias voltage the
magnitude of which increases at a rate directly proportional to the
voltage level of said same D.C. source connected thereto for
biasing said switch means into conduction whenever said bias
voltage equals the turn on voltage of said switch means, said R-C
circuit means being connected to said contact means for discharge
of its capacitive portion through said contact means upon contact
closure so that the residual charge remaining on said capacitive
portion when said contact means reopens is a function of engine
speed as represented by the rate said contact means are opened and
closed.
5. The invention recited in claim 4 wherein said switch means is a
transistor having its collector and emitter electrodes connected
across said load resistor and its base electrode is said control
electrode.
6. The invention recited in claim 5 wherein a parallel-connected
choke coil and diode are connected in series with the anode-cathode
path of said silicon controlled electrode to control the rate of
current flow therethrough.
7. The invention recited in claim 6 including capacitive means for
shunting electromagnetic interference are connected across the
primary winding of said ignition coil and across said load resistor
to enhance the reliability of said ignition system.
8. The invention recited in claim 7 wherein:
said charging circuit is a D.C.--D.C. convertor which includes a
voltage transformer; and
said silicon controlled rectifier is connected to short the
secondary winding of said voltage transformer to stop the operation
of said charging circuit whenever said silicon controlled rectifier
is conducting.
9. In a capacitor discharge type engine ignition system for
delivering pulses of energy to the distributor means of a
combustion engine wherein a storage capacitor is charged to a high
potential by power supplied from a low potential D.C. source and
first switch means are selectively operated to connect said storage
capacitor in closed circuit with the primary of an ignition coil to
form an L-C circuit so that said L-C circuit resonates to generate
an ignition spark of duration corresponding to the interval of
resonance across a spark gap connected by said distributor means
across the secondary winding of said ignition coil, the improvement
of:
breaker contact means associated with said engine for opening and
closing in synchronism with the movements of said engine so as to
generate a series of time signals corresponding to the time
intervals said contact means are open;
circuit means responsive to said time signals and connected to said
first switch means for generating first switch control signals
during said time intervals and applying said first switch control
signals to said first switch means to operate said first switch
means;
second selectively operable switch means connected to shunt said
first switch control signals away from said first switch means
whenever said second switch means is conducting; and
R-c circuit means connected to said breaker contact means and said
second switch means for generating second switch control signals
during said time intervals to control the operation of said second
switch means so that the operation of said first switch means is
controlled by said second switch means and is substantially
unaffected by any contact bounce of said breaker contact means.
10. An ignition system for delivering pulses of energy of
controlled durations to distributor means of an engine of the type
having combustion chambers with a spark plug associated with each
of said combustion chambers so that ignition sparks of controlled
durations are generated across the spark gaps of said spark plugs
to ignite combustible fuel delivered to said combustion chambers;
said ignition system comprising:
a storage capacitor;
a charging circuit having input and output terminals, said charging
circuit having its output terminals connected across said storage
capacitor and being operable to charge said storage capacitor to a
high potential D.C. voltage when a low potential D.C. voltage
source is connected to its input terminals;
an ignition coil having primary and secondary windings, said
ignition coil having its secondary winding connected to said
distributor means;
timing means for generating a series of time signals corresponding
to the movements of said engine;
control circuit means responsive to each of said time signals for
generating a switch control signal, said control circuit means
being operable to sense the level of D.C. voltage supplied to the
input terminals of said charging circuit and generate switch
control signals having durations which are an inverse function of
the level of said D.C. voltage supplied; and
switch means responsive to each of said switch control signals for
connecting said storage capacitor in closed circuit with the
primary winding of said ignition coil during a time interval
substantially equal to the duration of said switch control signal
whereby an L-C circuit is formed by said storage capacitor and the
primary winding of said ignition coil which resonates during the
time interval said storage capacitor and said primary winding are
connected in closed circuit so that a pulse of energy of controlled
duration is delivered by the secondary winding of said ignition
coil to said distributor means to generate an ignition spark of
corresponding duration.
11. An ignition system for delivering pulses of energy of
controlled durations to distributor means of an engine of the type
having combustion chambers with a spark plug associated with each
of said combustion chambers so that ignition sparks of controlled
durations are generated across the spark gaps of said spark plugs
to ignite combustible fuel delivered to said combustion chambers;
said ignition system comprising:
a storage capacitor;
a charging circuit having input and output terminals, said charging
circuit having its output terminals connected across said storage
capacitor and being operable to charge said storage capacitor to a
high potential D.C. voltage when a low potential D.C. voltage
source is connected to its input terminals;
an ignition coil having primary and secondary windings, said
ignition coil having its secondary winding connected to said
distributor means;
timing means for generating a series of time signals corresponding
to the movements of said engine;
control circuit means responsive to each of said time signals for
generating a switch control signal, said control circuit means
being operable to sense engine operating temperature and generate
switch control signals having durations which are an inverse
function of said operating temperature sensed; and
switch means responsive to each of said switch control signals for
connecting said storage capacitor in closed circuit with the
primary winding of said ignition coil during a time interval
substantially equal to the duration of said switch control signal
whereby an L-C circuit is formed by said storage capacitor and the
primary winding of said ignition coil which resonates during the
time interval said storage capacitor and said primary winding are
connected in closed circuit so that a pulse of energy of controlled
duration is delivered by the secondary winding of said ignition
coil to said distributor means to generate an ignition spark of
corresponding duration.
12. An ignition system for delivering pulses of energy of
controlled durations to distributor means of an engine of the type
having combustion chambers with a spark plug associated with each
of said combustion chambers so that ignition sparks of controlled
durations are generated across the spark gaps of said spark plugs
to ignite combustible fuel delivered to said combustion chambers;
said ignition system comprising;
a storage capacitor;
a charging circuit having input and output terminals, said charging
circuit having its output terminals connected across said storage
capacitor and being operable to charge said storage capacitor to a
high potential D.C. voltage when a low potential D.C. voltage
source is connected to its input terminals;
an ignition coil having primary and secondary windings, said
ignition coil having its secondary winding connected to said
distributor means;
timing means for generating a series of time signals corresponding
to the movements of said engine;
control circuit means responsive to each of said time signals for
generating a switch control signal, said control circuit means
including means for sensing engine operating temperature and being
operable to generate switch control signals having durations which
are a function of said engine operating temperature sensed; and
switch means responsive to each of said switch control signals for
connecting said storage capacitor in closed circuit with the
primary winding of said ignition coil during a time interval
substantially equal to the duration of said switch control signal
whereby an L-C circuit is formed by said storage capacitor and the
primary winding of said ignition coil which resonates during the
time interval said storage capacitor and said primary winding are
connected in closed circuit so that a pulse of energy of controlled
duration is delivered by the secondary winding of said ignition
coil to said distributor means to generate an ignition spark of
corresponding duration.
13. The invention recited in claim 12 wherein said means for
sensing engine operating temperature is a temperature sensitive
transistor.
14. An ignition system for delivering pulses of energy of
controlled durations to distributor means of an engine of the type
having combustion chambers with a spark plug associated with each
of said combustion chambers so that ignition sparks of controlled
durations are generated across the spark gaps of said spark plugs
to ignite combustible fuel delivered to said combustion chambers;
said ignition system comprising:
a storage capacitor;
a charging circuit having input and output terminals, said charging
circuit having its output terminals connected across said storage
capacitor and being operable to charge said storage capacitor to a
high potential D.C. voltage when a low potential D.C. voltage
source is connected to its input terminals;
an ignition coil having primary and secondary windings, said
ignition coil having its secondary winding connected to said
distributor means;
timing means for generating a series of time signals corresponding
to the movements of said engine;
control circuit means responsive to each of said time signals for
generating a switch control signal, said control circuit means
being operable to sense the level of D.C. voltage supplied to the
input terminals of said charging circuit and the engine operating
temperature and generate switch control signals having durations
which are inversely proportional to each of the variables the level
of said D.C. voltage supplied, said engines operating temperature
and the speed of said engine as measured by the rate at which said
time signals are generated; and
switch means responsive to each of said switch control signals for
connecting said storage capacitor in closed circuit with the
primary winding of said ignition coil during a time interval
substantially equal to the duration of said switch control signal
whereby an L-C circuit is formed by said storage capacitor and the
primary winding of said ignition coil which resonates during the
time interval said storage capacitor and said primary winding are
connected in closed circuit so that a pulse of energy of controlled
duration is delivered by the secondary winding of said ignition
coil to said distributor means to generate an ignition spark of
corresponding duration.
15. A method of controlling the generation of ignition sparks
across a spark gap in the combustion chamber of an engine which
comprises:
charging a capacitor from a D.C. voltage source to a voltage
proportional to the voltage level of said D.C. voltage source;
selectively commencing the discharge of said capacitor in timed
relation with the movement of the engine to generate a series of
timed spark across said spark gap;
controlling the length of each time period said capacitor is
selectively discharged as a function of the voltage level of said
D.C. voltage source, the speed of said engine and the operating
temperature of said engine whereby to control the durations of the
sparks generated across said spark gap.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein:
said capacitor is charged to a voltage directly proportional to the
voltage level of said D.C. voltage source; and
the length of each time period said capacitor is selectively
discharged is inversely proportional to each of the variables the
voltage level of said D.C. voltage source, the speed of said engine
and the operating temperature of said engine.
Description
The present invention relates to ignition systems and more
particularly to an improved ignition system of the capacitor
discharge type suitable for use with engines, such as internal
combustion engines, rotating turbine engines and the like, having a
source of direct current for energizing same.
Heretofore, engine ignition systems have been developed of the
capacitor discharge type and one common use of such ignition
systems has been in the automobile. Generally, the operation of
these systems is controlled by breaker contacts which are opened
and closed in synchronism with the movements of the pistons of an
associated engine. Thereby, the discharge of a storage capacitor
through the primary of an ignition coil is timed so that ignition
sparks are delivered in a timed sequence to ignite combustible fuel
which provides the energy to drive the engine. Typically, such
ignition circuits have only been capable of generating sparks of
substantially uniform durations and an example of such an ignition
circuit is shown in U. S. Pat. application, Ser. No. 456,789 filed
May 18, 1965, now Pat. No. 3,604,978 which is assigned to the
assignee of the present invention.
It has been discovered that a significant disadvantage exists with
such prior art ignition systems since they are only capable of
generating sparks of uniform duration. This disadvantage is due to
the fact that it has been found desirable to control ignition spark
duration as a function of the conditions under which the ignition
system and its associated engine are operated, thereby to prevent
premature ignition and energy waste, reduce wear on the component
parts of an ignition system, and improve overall engine efficiency.
For example, it has been found desirable to increase spark duration
whenever the voltage level of the D.C. source supplying the
ignition circuit is low to insure complete combustion of the fuel
mixture delivered to drive the engine. Likewise, it has been found
desirable to increase spark duration whenever the engine is
operated at low temperatures to insure complete fuel combustion. On
the other hand, it has not been found necessary, nor desirable, to
provide long duration sparks whenever the engine is operating at
high speeds or rotation rates since spark energy is thus wasted,
the components of the ignition system are unduly stressed and
premature ignitions of fuel in the engine cylinders next in the
firing sequence are likely to occur.
Another disadvantage frequently found with such prior art ignition
systems is that they may be inadvertently triggered to discharge
the storage capacitor by bounce of the breaker contacts upon
closure. Such inadvertent opening of the breaker contact points, so
called contact bounce, is a problem particularly associated with
high speed point operation such as occurs during the high speed
operation of an automobile engine.
It is accordingly, an object of the present invention to provide an
improved engine ignition system which is operable to control
ignition spark duration.
It is, further, an object of the present invention to provide an
improved engine ignition system which controls ignition spark
duration as a function of selected conditions under which the
ignition system and its associated engine are operated.
It is, additionally, an object of the present invention to provide
an improved engine ignition system of the capacitor discharge which
controls ignition spark duration as a function of the voltage level
of its associated D.C. source, the speed of its associated engine
and operating temperature.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide an
improved engine ignition system of the capacitor discharge type
which is substantially insensitive to contact bounce thereby to
eliminate the inadvertent generation of ignition sparks and prevent
misfiring.
In accomplishing these and other objects, there is provided in
accordance with the present invention a capacitor discharge
ignition system associated with an engine in which a storage
capacitor is charged to a relatively high potential by means of a
low potential D.C. source and a D.C.-- D.C. convertor. Switch means
preferably in the form of a silicon controlled rectifier are
selectively operated by means of a control circuit to connect the
charged storage capacitor across the primary of an ignition coil.
Thereby, energy stored in the storage capacitor is delivered to the
ignition coil by the ringing action of the L-C circuit formed by
the storage capacitor and the ignition coil, and ignition sparks
are generated at the spark gaps of a distributor connected across
the secondary of the ignition coil. The control circuit which
operates the SCR switch means controls the duration of the closure
of the switch means as a function of the voltage level of the D.C.
source, operating temperature and engine speed, thereby to control
ignition spark duration as a function of these variable operating
conditions. Breaker contacts or other suitable means are included
to operate the control circuit so as to time the closure of the
switch means so that the ignition sparks are generated in
synchronism with the movement of the engine's cylinders and the
control circuit is designed so as to be not responsive to momentary
openings of the breaker contact points as caused by contact bounce.
Thus, an improved engine ignition system which is operable to
control ignition spark duration as a function of selected variable
conditions is provided.
A better understanding of the present invention may be had from the
following detailed description when read in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ignition system according to
the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graphical representation of a typical voltage wave form
generated across the ignition coil primary of the ignition system
of FIG. 1 when the system is operated under supply voltage,
temperature and rate conditions considered normal or standard;
FIG. 3 is a graphical representation of a typical voltage wave form
generated across the ignition coil primary of the ignition system
of FIG. 1 when the system is operated at a relatively low level of
supply voltage with temperature and rate conditions normal;
FIG. 4 is a graphical representation of a typical voltage wave form
generated across the ignition coil primary of the ignition system
of FIG. 1 when the system is operated at a relatively high rate
operation will supply voltage and temperature conditions
normal;
FIG. 5 is a graphical representation of a typical voltage wave form
generated across the ignition coil primary of the ignition system
of FIG. 1 when the system is operated at a relatively low
temperature with supply voltage and rate conditions normal.
Referring to the drawings in more detail, there is shown in FIG. 1
an engine ignition system including a D.C. voltage source in the
form of a battery 10. The battery 10 is a low potential D.C. source
which preferably supplies approximately 12 volts D.C. Connected in
series with the battery 10 to its positive pole is an ignition
switch 11 for switching the ignition system on and off. A
D.C.--D.C. convertor 13 has its input leads 14 connected across the
series-connected battery 10 and switch 11 for receiving the voltage
from the D.C. source 10. The circuitry of the convertor 13 is shown
enclosed in broken lines and includes a pair of transistors 15
parallel connected across the primary of a voltage step up
transformer 16 to receive from the leads 14 the D.C. voltage
supplied by the battery 10. Connected across the secondary of the
transformer 16 are the input terminals of a diode bridge 17. The
bridge 17 rectifies the alternating voltage applied to its input
terminals by the transformer 16 to generate a high potential D.C.
voltage across electrical leads 18 and 19 which are connected to
the output terminals of the bridge 17. The leads 18 and 19 are
connected, respectively, to the positive and negative terminals of
the bridge 17. The D.C.--D.C. convertor 13 functions to convert the
12 volts D.C. received from the battery 10 into a high potential
D.C. voltage of approximately 400 volts. It is noted that the
construction of the convertor 13 is conventional and that a
detailed discussion of its operation may be found in the article,
"A New Ignition System for Cars," by R. Van Houten and John C.
Schweitzer in the Oct. 5, 1964, edition of the magazine
ELECTRONICS.
Connected to the lead 18 is one terminal of a storage capacitor 25.
Connected between the other terminal of the capacitor 25 and the
lead 19 is the primary winding of an ignition coil or output
transformer 26. A shunting capacitor 27 is connected in parallel
with the primary of the ignition coil 26 to shunt and thereby
substantially eliminate the effects of any electromagnetic
interference on the output generated by the ignition coil 26.
Connected across the secondary winding of the ignition coil 26 is a
standard distributor and spark plugs represented by a single spark
gap 28. The distributor and spark plugs represented by the gap 28
are conventional in operation and may be operated by a mechanical
drive arrangement coupled to the drive shaft of a conventional
engine (not shown) which is associated with the exemplary ignition
system. Thereby, potentials developed by the ignition coil 26 are
delivered or distributed in a timed sequence in a well known and
conventional manner to the spark gaps 28 of the spark plugs
associated with the cylinders or combustion chambers of the
conventional engine and ignition sparks are generated which ignite
combustible fuel delivered to the engine cylinders to drive the
engine. It is noted that the engine driven by the exemplary
ignition circuit may be of any type which is driven by spark
ignition, such as, internal combustion engines, rotating turbine
engines and the like.
Connected between the leads 18 and 19 is a choke coil 29 connected
in series with the anode-cathode path of conduction of a SCR 30.
The coil 29 has one terminal connected to the lead 18 and its other
terminal connected to the anode electrode of the SCR 30. The
cathode electrode of SCR 30 is connected to the lead 19. A diode 31
is connected in parallel with the coil 29 with the cathode
electrode of the diode 31 connected to the lead 18 and its anode
electrode connected to the point of common connection of the coil
29 and SCR 30. The SCR 30 functions as a selectively operable
switch means which when closed connects the storage capacitor 25
across the primary of the ignition coil 26. Thereby, as is
hereafter explained, the energy stored in the capacitor 25 is
delivered to the ignition coil 26 so that an ignition spark is
generated at the spark gap 28. The parallel-connected diode 31 and
choke 29 function to control current through the SCR 30 when it is
conducting, i.e., when the switch means is closed, thereby to
control the current rise through the SCR to increase the
reliability of the ignition circuit.
In order to control the operation of the switch means provided by
the SCR 30, a control circuit 40 is provided which is connected to
the gate electrode of the SCR 30 for closing the switch means
provided by the SCR 30 by gating it into conduction. The control
circuit 40 includes resistors 41, 42 and 43 which are each commonly
connected at one of their terminals. The other terminals of the
resistors 41, 42 and 43 are connected, respectively, to the switch
11, the collector electrode of an NPN transistor 44 and one
terminal of a resistor 45. The other terminal of the resistor 45 is
connected to the base electrode of the transsistor 44. The emitter
electrode of the transistor 44 is connected to the lead 19 and the
lead 19 provides a bus of reference potential since it is connected
as a return lead from the negative output of the bridge 17 to the
negative pole of the battery 10. Connected between the lead 19 and
the base electrode of the transistor 44 is a resistor 46, and a
capacitor 47 is connected from the common point of connection of
resistors 43, 45 to the lead 19.
To initiate the operation of the control circuit 40 breaker points
or contacts 48 are included therein connected between the common
point of connection of the resistors 41-43 and the lead 19. The
breaker points 48 are conventional in construction and are operated
by a mechanical arrangement or gearing (not shown) which is coupled
to the drive shaft of the engine associated with the ignition
system. Thereby, a series of time signals or conditions is produced
which is in synchronism with the movement of the pistons in the
associated engine. Although the exemplary circuit is illustrated as
using breaker points as the timing means for synchronizing the
operation of the control circuit 40 with engine movement, it is
apparent that other means and methods may be used with equal
success, such as devices which utilize magnetic, photoelectrical or
Hall effect characteristics to sense the appropriate moments for
firing and developing a control signal suitable for controlling the
ignition system of the present invention. Connected across the
breaker points 48 for developing a voltage when the points 48 are
open is a points capacitor 49.
The control circuit 40, as is hereinafter explained, functions to
generate a switch control signal the duration of which is a
function of the voltage level of the battery 10, the rate the
points 48 are opened and closed, and the operating temperature of
the circuitry and engine. To sense operating temperature, the
transistor 44 is selected to be temperature sensitive so that its
forward bias point or voltage is inversely proportional to
temperature, e.g., as the temperature decreases the forward bias
voltage increases. The control signal of the control circuit 40 is
generated as an output across a load resistor 50 which is connected
between the collector electrode of the transistor 44 and the return
lead 19. The terminal of the resistor 50 in common with the
collector electrode of the transistor 44 is connected to the gate
electrode of the SCR 30 so that the switch control signal developed
on the load resistor 50 is applied thereto. A capacitor 51 is
connected in parallel with the resistor 50 for shunting
electromagnetic interference so as to eliminate such interference
from the control signal applied to the gate of the SCR 30.
During operation of the exemplary ignition system, the ignition
switch 11 is closed so that low potential D.C. voltage is supplied
from the battery 10 to the convertor 13 and the control circuit 40.
The D.C.--D.C. convertor 13 operates to charge the storage
capacitor 25 to a high potential D.C. voltage. With the supply
voltage provided by the battery 10 at its normal or standard level
12 volts, the convertor operates to charge the storage capacitor 25
to approximately 400 volts D.C. when the switch means provided by
the SCR 30 is closed.
With the storage capacitor 25 charged, the breaker points 48 are
opened in synchronism with engine movement. Upon the opening of the
points 48, the current flow through the resistor 41 which had been
flowing through the closed contacts 48 rapidly charges the points
capacitor 49 and the charged capacitor 49 establishes a current
flow through the resistors 42 and 43. The current through the
resistor 42 also flows through the load resistor 50, thereby a
control voltage sufficient to bias the SCR 30 into conduction is
applied to the SCR gate electrode.
With the SCR 30 conducting, the series-connected SCR 30 and choke
29 places substantially a short circuit across the leads 18 and 19.
Thereby, the energy represented by the D.C. voltage across the
output terminals of the bridge 17 is dissipated and absorbed by the
transformer 16 and a short is reflected into the primary of the
transformer 16. The reflected short removes the driving signal from
the inverter oscillator formed by the transistors 15 and
transformer 16 so as to stop the operation of the convertor 13. The
conduction of the SCR 30 also causes a closed L-C circuit to be
formed made up of the charged storage capacitor 25, the primary of
the ignition coil 26, the SCR 30, and the parallel-connected diode
31 and choke 29. The storage capacitor 25 thus discharges through
the primary of the coil 26 so that an ignition spark is generated
by the energy delivered to the coil 26 across the spark gap 28, and
the choke 29 and diode 31 function to control SCR current and the
voltage rise across the ignition coil primary.
It is noted that with SCR 30 switched on or conducting that a
resonant circuit is formed between the primary of the ignition coil
26 and the storage capacitor 25. Thus, the L-C circuit formed will
ring or resonant at its resonant frequency which is determined by
the values of capacitance and inductance of the capacitor 25 and
the primary of the coil 26, respectively. The L-C circuit formed
continues to resonant as long as the SCR 30 is forward biased by
the control signal applied to its gate electrode. Once the forward
bias is removed from the SCR gate electrode, current will continue
to flow in the circuit until the current through the SCR 30 drops
below its regenerative or holding level. Once the SCR current drops
below its regenerative level, it ceases to conduct since a control
voltage sufficient to bias it into conduction is no longer applied
to the SCR gate electroce. For further discussion of the operation
of an L-C circuit having a SCR connected therein as a switch means,
refer to assignee's earlier mentioned U.S. Pat. Application, Ser.
No. 456,789, filed May 18, 1965.
The number of cycles the L-C circuit formed by the storage
capacitor 15 and the ignition coil primary resonates or rings is
determined by the time interval which the SCR 30 conducts. Likewise
this time interval of SCR conduction determines the duration of the
energy pulses supplied to the distributor 28 by the coil 26 and
hence ignition spark durations. The control circuit 40 determines
the time interval the SCR 30 is gated on by means of an R-C timing
circuit formed by resistors 43, 45 and 46 and the capacitor 47. As
above-mentioned, the charged points capacitor 49 causes a current
to flow through the resistor 43. The current flow in the resistor
43 in turn progressively charges the capacitor 47, thereby inducing
a rising current in the resistors 45 and 46. The resistors 45 and
46 function as a voltage divider for applying a bias voltage to the
base electrode of the transistor 44 which functions as a control
electrode and once a predetermined current level is induced in the
resistors 45 and 46, a bias voltage sufficient to turn on or bias
into conduction the transistor 44 is generated across the resistor
46. Once the transistor 44 conducts, a substantial portion of the
current through the load resistor 50 is shunted to the return lead
19 through the collector-emitter path of the transistor 44.
Thereby, the switch control voltage generated on the load resistor
50 and applied to the SCR gate electrode decreases from its first
level which was sufficient to forward bias the SCR 30 to a second
lower level which is not sufficient to forward bias the SCR 30. As
before-mentioned, the SCR 30 then continues to conduct until the
current level therethrough drops below the SCR's regenerative level
at which time the SCR 30 turns off and ceases to conduct. Once the
SCR 30 no longer conducts, the convertor 30 recommences operation
and recharges the storage capacitor 25.
Subsequent to the switching off of the switching means provided by
the SCR 30, the breaker contacts 48 are closed by engine movement.
Upon closure of the points 48, the capacitor 49 discharges through
the closed points 48 and the capacitor 47 discharges through the
current paths provided by the resistor 43, points 48 and resistors
45, 46. After the points 48 have been closed for a sufficient time
interval, the current through the resistor 46 drops below the level
required to generate a voltage sufficient to forward bias the
transistor 44. The transistor 44 thus turns off so as to allow
subsequent retriggering of the SCR 40 at the next opening of the
breaker points 48. It is noted that the SCR 30 will not be
triggered into conduction by brief openings of the contacts 48
caused by contact bounce since the capacitor 47 provides a
filtering effect. The capacitor 47 along with its associated
resistors provides a time constant such that the points 48 must be
closed for a sufficient time to discharge the capacitor 47 below
the voltage required to turn on the transistor 44, i.e., the
capacitor 47 must be discharged to the level at which transistor 44
becomes non-conductive before the current in the resistors 42 and
50 will be sufficient to forward bias the SCR 30. Thus, if the
transistor 44 is not turned off, the SCR 30 will not conduct even
if the points 48 are opened so that the ignition circuit is
substantially insensitive to contact bounce. It should also be
noted that capacitor 47 provides speed limiting of a motor. At low
RPM, capacitor 47 discharges completely through resistor 43. At
high speeds, capacitor 47 does not have sufficient time to
completely discharge while points 48 are closed and by proper
selection of the value of capacitor 47 the upper limit of the speed
of a motor may be established above which capacitor 47 will not be
permitted to discharge sufficiently to allow transistor 44 to
become non-conductive and permit the SCR to be triggered into
conduction. As one example, component values were selected to
prevent conduction of the SCR at engine speeds above 8000 RPM to
prevent damage to the engine.
As before mentioned, the control circuit 40 operates to control the
time the SCR 30 is gated on as a function of the level of voltage
of the battery 10, the rate the breaker contacts 48 are opened and
closed, and the operating temperature of the ignition circuit and
its associated engine. Thereby, the durations of the ignition
sparks generated across the spark gaps 28 are controlled as a
function of supply voltage level, engine speed and operating
temperature. In order to explain the manner in which the control
circuit 40 functions to control spark duration, reference is made
to the graphs of FIGS. 2-5 in which the points designated A, B and
C indicate, respectively, the instants when the SCR 30 is gated on,
gated off and ceases to conduct.
Referring to FIG. 2, the graph there shown illustrates a typical
wave form generated as a function of time across the primary of the
ignition coil 26 with supply voltage, temperature and rate
conditions normal or standard. A normal supply voltage is
considered to be a voltage level of approximately 6 or 12 volts as
supplied by the battery 10 to the control circuit 40 and the
convertor 13. A normal operating temperature is considered to be
the ambient temperature at which the ignition system is designed to
operate. A normal rate is considered to be the rate at which the
breaker contacts 48 are opening and closing as a result of engine
movement when the engine is not being driven excessively fast.
Under these normal conditions, the SCR 30 is biased into conduction
at point A by opening of the contacts 48. The capacitor 25 and
ignition coil 26 then resonate to generate a spark discharge across
the gap 28 and the values of the circuit components making up the
control circuit 40 are appropriately selected so that under such
normal conditions the transistor 44 is turned on, and thus the SCR
gate electrode is biased off, at the point designed B in FIG. 2.
The SCR 30 continues to conduct until the point designated C at
which instant the SCR current falls below the regenerative level.
Thus, a spark duration equal to approximately two complete cycles
of the resonant L-C circuit is generated across the spark gap 28
under normal supply voltage, temperature and rate conditions.
If the level of voltage supplied by the battery 10 decreases, the
filter capacitor 25 will not be charged to as high a voltage level
and consequently a longer spark duration is necessary to generate
an ignition spark across the spark gap 28 having approximately the
same amount of energy as a spark generated by the voltage wave form
of FIG. 2. The control circuit 40 generates an ignition spark of
longer duration, as shown in FIG. 3, since if the supply voltage is
decreased, the current supplied through the resistor 43 to the
capacitor 47 is correspondingly decreased. Thus, the capacitor 47
is charged more slowly with the result that SCR 30 is forwarded
biased for a longer time since it takes a longer time interval for
the current flowing from the capacitor 47 through the resistor 46
to reach the level necessary to bias the transistor 44 into
conduction. As shown in FIG. 3, the voltage wave form across the
primary of the ignition coil 26 has a smaller amplitude than that
of FIG. 2 since the capacitor 25 is initially charged to a lower
voltage due to the decreased voltage level supplied by the battery
10. As shown in FIG. 3, the transistor 44 is turned on to shunt the
SCR gate electrode at the point designated B so that the L-C
circuit generates an ignition spark of substantially three complete
cycles of resonance as measured between points A and C in response
to the voltage wave form of FIG. 3.
In the case where the engine associated with the ignition system is
operated at an extremely high rate, the rate the points 48 are
opened and closed is correspondingly increased. As a result of the
rapid operation of the points 48, a higher than normal residual
charge remains on the capacitor 47 due to the time constant
provided by the values of the resistors 43, 45 and 46 and the
capacitor 47. This increased residual charge results in a decreased
time interval from the opening of the points 48 to the turning on
of the transistor 44. Thus, the transistor 44 is turned on to shunt
the SCR gate electrode at the point designated B in FIG. 4 so that
an ignition spark having a duration of substantially only one
complete cycle of the L-C circuit is generated in response to the
voltage wave form of FIG. 4. Such a shorter spark duration is
desirable since at high point operation rates long duration sparks
waste energy, unduly stress ignition components and may prematurely
fire the spark plugs of succeeding engine cylinders.
The graph shown in FIG. 5 illustrates the effect of low temperature
on the ignition system. As the temperature is decreased, the
forward bias point of the transistor 44, i.e., the voltage level
necessary to be applied to the transistor's base electrode to turn
the transistor on, increase. As a result of this voltage increase
as a function of temperature decrease, the capacitor 47 must be
charged to a higher level to turn on the transistor 44.
Consequently, the SCR 20 is gated on for a longer interval so that
a longer duration spark is generated which corresponds to the
voltage wave form of FIG. 5. The wave form of FIG. 5 has a duration
of substantially three cycles of resonance of the L-C circuit and
it is desirable at low temperatures to generate long duration
sparks since more energy is necessary to efficiently ignite and
combust cold fuel.
It is noted that the relative effects of variations in supply
voltage levels, temperature and rates of point operation may be
varied and set as desired by the appropriate selection of the
values of circuit components. While above the situations were
discussed where only one of the variable conditions varied from the
normal, it is noted that the voltage level, temperature and rate of
point operation could all vary from the normal simultaneously and
that depending on the specific conditions, ignitions sparks having
durations of approximately 1/2 cycle, 1 cycle, 1 1/2 cycles, 2
cycles, 2 1/2 cycles, 3 cycles, etc., could be generated as
appropriate by the exemplary ignition circuit. It further noted
that various equivalent switching devices could be used for the SCR
30 and the transistor 44, e.g., an SCR could be used for the
transistor 44. It should also be noted that a gating diode and
resistors may be employed such that the charge and discharge times
at capacitor 47 can be independently controlled.
Thus, there has been provided an improved ignition system which is
operable to control ignition spark duration as a function of
selected variable conditions. The ignition system is associated
with a conventional engine of the type driven by ignition sparks
and the spark durations are controlled as a function of engine
speed as represented by the rate of breaker point operation,
operating temperature as measured by a temperature sensitive switch
means provided by a transistor and supply voltage level. An SCR
switching means is provided for controlling the generation of
ignition sparks which is operated by a control circuit in an
extremely stable and reliable manner. Additionally, capacitors are
connected across the ignition coil primary and the output of the
control circuit to shunt and dissipate high frequency interference
so as to prevent inadvertent generation of ignition sparks and
insure stable operation of the SCR switch means, respectively.
While there have been described what is considered to be the
preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be obvious
to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications
may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of
the present invention.
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