U.S. patent number 3,713,412 [Application Number 05/134,244] was granted by the patent office on 1973-01-30 for deep ocean submersible.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy. Invention is credited to Anthony P. Ianuzzi.
United States Patent |
3,713,412 |
Ianuzzi |
January 30, 1973 |
DEEP OCEAN SUBMERSIBLE
Abstract
A deep ocean submersible including a pair of glass shells which
are adapted o mate with one another about their rims to form a
submersible hull; each shell having a peripheral lip which extends
outwardly from the rim thereof; an elastomeric band mounted to each
respective lip; and means for clamping the bands so that the shells
can be tightly retained along their rims.
Inventors: |
Ianuzzi; Anthony P.
(Catonsville, MD) |
Assignee: |
The United States of America as
represented by the Secretary of the Navy (N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
22462434 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/134,244 |
Filed: |
April 15, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
114/312;
220/4.25 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B63G
8/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B63G
8/00 (20060101); B63g 008/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;114/16R,16E ;9/8R
;220/5A,5R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Blix; Trygve M.
Claims
I claim:
1. A deep ocean submersible comprising:
a pair of glass shells which are adapted to mate with one another
about their rims to form a submersible hull;
each shell having an integral peripheral lip which extends
outwardly from the rim thereof;
an elastomeric band mounted to each respective lip; and
means for clamping the bands so that the shells can be tightly
retained along their rims.
2. A deep ocean submersible as claimed in claim 1 including:
the bands being fiberglass and prestressed about the respective
lips of the shells.
3. A deep ocean submersible as claimed in claim 2 including:
each of the bands being shaped to the respective lip in a
socket-type mounting.
4. A deep ocean submersible as claimed in claim 1 including:
a rigid peripheral guide mounted along the interior surface of one
of the shells and extending beyond the rim thereof; and
the extension of the guide having means for peripherally sealing
against the interior surface of the other shell.
5. A deep ocean submersible as claimed in claim 1 including:
each of the rims having a flat face and a rounded exterior edge;
and
a gasket disposed between the shell rims and having an outer
peripheral enlargement which is adapted to be squeezed between the
rounded exterior edges of the rims.
6. A deep ocean submersible as claimed in claim 5 including:
explosive bolt means for releasing the clamping means; and
foil conductors embedded in the gasket for feeding an electrical
current from a power source in the submersible to said explosive
bolt means.
7. A deep ocean submersible as claimed in claim 6 including:
the bands being fiberglas and prestressed about the respective
flanges of the shells.
8. A deep ocean submersible as claimed in claim 7 including:
each of the bands being shaped to the respective lip in a
socket-type mounting.
9. A deep ocean submersible as claimed in claim 8 including:
a rigid peripheral guide mounted along the interior surface of one
of the shells and extending beyond the rim thereof; and
the extension of the guide having means for peripherally sealing
against the interior surface of the other shell.
Description
STATEMENT OF GOVERNMENT INTEREST
The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or
for the Government of the United States of America for governmental
purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or
therefor.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In recent years the Navy and oceanographic industries have been
seeking new types of submersibles which can be taken to great
depths within the ocean. A very promising approach now exists in
utilizing a spherical glass shell which is split into two
hemispheres and joined together about the rims thereof. It has been
found that a glass sphere increases in strength as it is taken to
greater depths within the ocean and provides a simple compartment
for crew members to visually witness the outside ocean environment.
A present means of joining the two glass hemispheres together has
been a metal band which extends about the rims of the hemispheres
and which may be retained by tie straps which extend from the
respective rims across the hemispheres. This approach would not be
satisfactory for deep ocean depths because of the difference of
modulus of elasticities between steel and glass. For instance, an
80 inch glass sphere with a 2 inch wall would change in diameter,
at a depth of 20,000 feet, approximately three-fourths of an inch.
The change in diameter for an equivalent steel band would be about
one-fourth of an inch. The difference between the two deflections
would produce enormous local bending stresses where the glass joins
the metal. Further, a metal fitting at the equatorial joint of the
glass sphere would weigh approximately 675 lbs, thus reducing the
effective payload of the submersible.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a retainer means for the two glass
hemispherical shells which would be effective at great depths
within the ocean without any danger of releasing the shells or
producing breaking stresses at the rims of the shells. This has
been accomplished by providing each hemispherical shell with a
peripheral lip which extends outwardly from the shell rim, an
elastomeric band mounted to each respective lip, and means for
clamping the bands so that the shells can be tightly retained about
their rims. The band has substantially the same modulus of
elasticity as the glass shells and therefore changes in shape
substantially as the shells so as to obviate undue stresses on the
glass. A slight prestressing of the elastomeric bands has been
found to ensure no separation of the bands from the hemispherical
shells. A unique joint has been provided between the shell rims,
bands, and the clamping means which will be described in detail
hereinafter. Further, a unique means has been provided for sealing
the joint, preventing lateral displacement of the shells, and
releasing the shells in the event of an emergency.
STATEMENT OF THE OBJECTS OF INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to overcome the
aforementioned problems associated with prior art retaining means
for a pair of hemispherical glass shells.
Another object is to provide a glass deep ocean submersible which
can transcend great depths within the ocean.
A further object is to provide a deep ocean glass submersible with
improved retention means, releasing means, and sealing means for
operation within great depths of the ocean.
Other objects and many of the attendant advantages of this
invention will be readily appreciated as it becomes better
understood by reference to the description and accompanying
drawings which follow.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an overall view of a deep submersible glass shell with
improved retention means for joining a pair of hemispherical glass
shells.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of the retention means of
the glass submersible.
FIG. 3 is a view taken along plane III--III of FIG. 2, and
FIG. 4 is a view taken along plane IV--IV of FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to the drawing wherein like reference numerals
designate like or similar parts throughout the several views there
is shown in FIG. 1 a deep ocean glass submersible 10. This
submersible may be a pair of substantially identical hemispherical
shells 12 and 14 which are joined at their rims by a band-like
retainer means 16. This submersible may be mounted within a
framework with propulsors (not shown) for exploring great depths
within the ocean. Crew members within the glass sphere will have
visual access to the ocean in almost every direction.
The glass shells 12 and 14 mate with one another about their rims
to form the glass spherical hull. The shells 12 and 14 have
peripheral lips 18 and 20 respectively, which extend outwardly from
the rims thereof. The retainer means 16 may include substantially
identical elastomeric bands 22 and 24 which are mounted to the lips
18 and 20 respectively. These bands are preferably constructed of
fiberglas so as to have substantially the same modulus of
elasticity as the glass hemispheres 12 and 14. In the preferred
embodiment these fiberglas bands 22 and 24 are mounted to the glass
lips 18 and 20 by a socket or tongue and groove type connection as
illustrated in FIG. 3. Also, the bands 22 and 24 are preferably
prestressed so as to ensure no departure of these bands from the
lips 18 and 20 as the submersible descends within great depths of
the ocean.
A means is provided for clamping the bands 22 and 24 so that the
shells 12 and 14 can be tightly retained about their rims. This
means may include a series of toggle clamps 26 which have top and
bottom clamping members 28 and 30 which are pivoted at 32, and a
release tab 34 which is pivoted at the top of the clamp member 30
at 36. The bottom clamp member may be fixedly secured to the bottom
fiberglas band 24 by a series of screws 37. Because of the
difference in modulus of elasticities between the toggle 26 and the
fiberglas bands 22 and 24 it is desirable that the top of the top
band 22 and the bottom of the bottom band 24 be rounded and that
the clamp members 28 and 30 arc about these rounded portions for
positive retention at all operating depths within the ocean. The
bottom fiberglas band 24 may be provided with downwardly extending
attachment lugs 38, one of which is illustrated in FIG. 2.
It is essential that a perfect seal be made between the glass
hemispheres 12 and 14. As illustrated in FIG. 3 the rims of the
hemispheres have flat faces 40 and 42 and rounded exterior edges 44
and 46. A gasket 48 is disposed between the flat faces of the shell
rims and has an outer peripheral enlargement 50 which is squeezed
between the rounded exterior edges when the glass hemispheres are
brought into mating engagement. In this manner a very desirable
seal is made about the rims of the glass hemispheres.
In an emergency situation it may be desirable for the crew within
the deep submersible to release the toggles 26 and open the
hemispheres for escape purposes. In order to accomplish this the
pivots 32 and 36 of the toggle 26 may include an explosive bolt
which may be actuated by an electric current from within the glass
submersible. In order to feed this current to the explosive bolts
foil leads 52 may be embedded within the gasket 48 and may follow
the gasket from an interior extension 54 of the gasket to an
exterior extension 56 thereof. The foil leads 52 within the
exterior extension 56 of the gasket are electrically connected to
the explosive bolts within the pivots 32 and 36 (not shown).
After the toggle 26 has been released from the glass hemispheres it
will be necessary for the crew to apply some parting force for
separation. This may be accomplished by providing a rigid
peripheral extension or guide 58 which is connected along the
interior surface of the bottom glass hemisphere 14 and which
extends upwardly in close proximity with the interior surface of
the top glass hemisphere 12. Within the guide 58 is a quad ring 60
which makes peripheral sealing engagement with the interior surface
of the top hemisphere 12. With such an arrangement the crew can
utilize a gas bottle for applying a pressure within the submersible
which is slightly greater than ambient so as to separate the glass
hemispheres 12 and 14. The peripheral guide 58 also serves as a
means for guiding mating engagement of the glass hemispheres 12 and
14 and preventing lateral displacement thereof.
It is now readily apparent that the present invention provides a
glass submersible which has many unique advantages. The retaining
means for the pair of glass hemispheres has substantially the same
modulus of elasticity as the hemispheres and will not cause undue
stresses during deep ocean operations. A sealing means is provided
for ensuring a perfect seal at great depths within the ocean and a
means is provided for releasing the hemispheres in case of an
emergency situation.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present
invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is
therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended
claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as
specifically described.
* * * * *