U.S. patent number 3,713,368 [Application Number 05/191,996] was granted by the patent office on 1973-01-30 for road joint seal and end dam construction.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Felt Products Mfg. Co.. Invention is credited to Daniel E. Czernik, Donald J. McDowell.
United States Patent |
3,713,368 |
McDowell , et al. |
January 30, 1973 |
ROAD JOINT SEAL AND END DAM CONSTRUCTION
Abstract
A joint seal assembly for adjacent, slightly spaced slabs of
roadway and deck structures. A joint seal and end dam includes a
pair of elongate elastomeric side pads secured to the upper
surfaces of the slabs, and an integral elastomeric bridging joint
membrane spanning the gap between the slabs. The joint membrane
assumes an upstanding arched configuration in transverse cross
section. When the slabs move relative to each other, as at
longitudinal, transverse or skewed joints, in all design positions
of movement of the joint membrane and the slabs, substantially no
reaction force is exerted on the slabs, and the side pads or on the
means securing the side pads to the slabs. The end dam is
self-cleaning. Such an end dam is made in sections configured to be
sealingly secured in an end-to-end array, whereby an end dam
assembly of substantial length may be formed.
Inventors: |
McDowell; Donald J. (Riverside,
IL), Czernik; Daniel E. (Hinsdale, IL) |
Assignee: |
Felt Products Mfg. Co.
(N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
22707799 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/191,996 |
Filed: |
October 26, 1971 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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141518 |
May 10, 1971 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
404/32; 404/44;
404/67; 404/69 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E01D
19/06 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E01D
19/06 (20060101); E01D 19/00 (20060101); E01c
011/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;94/18,18.2 ;14/16 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Byers, Jr.; Nile C.
Parent Case Text
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Patent
application Ser. No. 141,518 filed on May 10, 1971. and now
abandoned.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A deck joint assembly comprising a pair of generally
horizontally disposed elongate adjacent slabs supported for
movement relative to each other, providing upper roadway surfaces,
and being positioned beside each other, said pair of slabs being
narrowly spaced from each other to define a narrow gap
therebetween, and an end dam assembly secured to said slabs at
adjacent edges sealingly bridging said gap, said end dam assembly
comprising elongate end dam sections sealingly secured to each
other in an end-to-end array, means sealingly securing said end dam
sections to each other, each of said end dam sections comprising a
pair of elongate elastomeric side pads having their lower surfaces
sealingly secured to upper surfaces of said slabs and being secured
at the edges of said slabs adjacent said gap, and having their
upper surfaces generally level with the upper roadway surface of
said slabs thereby to serve as a roadway surface, each said slab
defining a notch at said gap edge within which a side pad is
disposed, said pads being generally parallel to each other and
being spaced apart adjacent said gap, a thin elongate, elastomeric
joint membrane sealingly secured to each of the side pads and
sealingly spanning said gap, said joint membrane being
substantially thinner than said side pads and being highly flexible
and having a configuration in transverse cross section of an
upstanding arch whereby in all design positions of movement of the
membrane and the slabs, substantially no reaction force is exerted
on the side pads or on the means securing said pads to said slabs,
each said side pad including an elongate, expansive reinforcing
member extending substantially along the length of the side pad,
and anchoring means for anchoring said side pads to said slabs,
each said side pad defining a resilient inner surface confronting a
surface of said joint membrane, and said reinforcing members being
spaced away from said resilient inner edges.
2. A deck joint assembly in accordance with claim 1, wherein each
of said side pads has a reinforcing member of metal embedded
therein, said member being substantially parallel to the upper
roadway surfaces of said slabs.
3. A deck joint assembly in accordance with claim 1, wherein at one
end of each section, thin membrane segments project longitudinally
from the side pads to underlie and to be sealingly secured to lower
surfaces of the next adjoining side pads, thereby sealingly
securing said end dam sections to each other.
4. A deck joint assembly in accordance with claim 3, wherein
opposite ends of the side pads define complementarily bevelled end
faces, and said end faces of adjacent end dam sections are
sealingly secured to each other.
5. A deck joint assembly in accordance with claim 1, wherein joint
membranes of adjacent end-to-end, end dam sections overlap each
other and are adhesively and sealingly secured to each other.
6. A deck joint assembly in accordance with claim 1, wherein said
joint membrane embeds a fabric layer.
7. A deck joint assembly in accordance with claim 1, wherein said
side pads and joint membrane are integrally formed of rubber.
8. A deck joint assembly in accordance with claim 7, wherein said
side pads and joint membrane are integrally molded.
9. A deck joint assembly in accordance with claim 1 wherein said
end dam sections are positioned at slab edges along a
longitudinally extending roadway gap.
10. An elongate end dam section for securance to spaced, closely
adjacent roadway slabs supported for relative movement with respect
to each other, said end dam section being adapted to be sealingly
secured to a next preceding end dam section and to the adjacent
roadway slabs, said end dam section comprising a pair of generally
parallel, spaced apart elongate elastomeric side pads, each side
pad defining an expansive upper surface adapted to serve as a
roadway surface and a lower surface adapted to be sealingly secured
to a roadway slab, and each side pad including an elongate,
expansive reinforcing member extending along the length of the side
pad and defining means for securing said end dam section to slabs,
a Thin elongate elastomeric flexible joint membrane sealingly
secured to said side pads for sealingly spanning a gap between
roadway slabs, said thin joint membrane having an upstanding arched
configuration in transverse cross section, said membrane being
highly flexible and very substantially thinner than said side pads
and being proportioned to flex and to move without exerting
substantial reaction forces on said side pads, each side pad
defining a resilient inner edge confronting a surface of said joint
membrane, said reinforcing members being spaced away from said
resilient inner edges.
11. An elongate end dam section in accordance with claim 9, wherein
each of said side pads embeds a said elongate reinforcing member,
and said members are metallic, and each of said side pads and
reinforcing members defines a plurality of aligned bolt holes for
securing said end dam section to slabs.
12. An elongate end dam section in accordance with claim 10,
wherein said side pads and said joint membrane are integrally
molded of rubber.
13. An elongate end dam section in accordance with claim 10,
wherein at one end, thin membrane segments project longitudinally
from the side pads, said membrane segments being adapted to
underlie and to be sealingly secured to lower surfaces of next
adjoining side pads, thereby to facilitate sealing securance of
adjacent end dam sections to each other.
14. An elongate end dam section in accordance with claim 10,
wherein opposite ends of the side pads define complementarily
bevelled end faces.
15. An elongate end dam section in accordance with claim 10,
wherein said joint membrane embeds a fabric layer.
16. An elongate end dam section in accordance with claim 10,
wherein said side pads and said joint membrane are integrally
formed of rubber.
17. An elongate end dam section in accordance with claim 10 wherein
said joint membrane is secured to said side pads adjacent their
lower edges and the side pad edges confronting the upstanding
arched section of said joint membrane taper upwardly and away from
said membrane.
18. An elongate end dam section in accordance with claim 10,
wherein each side pad contains a said elongate expansive
reinforcing member of metal extending along substantially the
entire length of the side pad and defining a plurality of aligned
holes in said side pad and said reinforcing member for securing
said side pad to a roadway slab, said reinforcing members lying
generally parallel to the upper and lower surfaces of said side
pads, said membrane lying entirely below the level of the upper
surface of said side pads, the resilient inner edges of the side
pads confronting surfaces of said joint membrane to define
resilient, upwardly opening spaces from which debris may be
discharged extending along the length of said end dam section, said
metallic reinforcing members being spaced away from said resilient
inner edges and away from said joint membrane.
19. An elongate end dam section in accordance with claim 18 wherein
said reinforcing members lie closer to said lower surfaces than to
said upper surfaces and wherein said joint membrane is sealingly
secured to said side pads at said inner edges in the lower regions
thereof.
20. An elongate end dam section in accordance with claim 18 wherein
said joint membrane embeds a fabric layer and projects
longitudinally beyond said side pads wherein joint membranes of
adjacent end-to-end dam sections are adapted to overlay each other
and to be adhesively and sealingly secured to each other.
21. An elongate end dam section in accordance with claim 20 wherein
said side pads and said joint membrane are integrally molded of
rubber.
22. A joint assembly comprising a pair of generally horizontally
disposed elongate adjacent slabs supported for relative movement
and providing upper roadway surfaces, said pair of slabs being
narrowly spaced from each other to define a narrow gap
therebetween, and an end dam assembly secured to said slabs at
adjacent edges sealingly bridging said gap, means sealingly
securing said end dam assembly to said slabs, said end dam assembly
comprising elastomeric side pads secured to the slab edges adjacent
said gap, said pads being parallel and spaced apart adjacent said
gap and being disposed within notches in said slabs at said gap
edges, a thin elastomeric joint membrane sealingly secured to said
side pads and sealingly spanning said gap, said joint membrane
being substantially thinner than said side pads and assuming an
upstanding arched configuration in transverse cross section,
whereby in all design positions of movement of the membrane and the
slabs, substantially not reaction force is exerted on the side pads
or the means securing said assembly to said slabs, said joint
membrane being integrally formed to span a very substantial length
of said gap, said side pads being very substantially shorter than
said membrane, each side pad being formed of a plurality of side
pad elements sealingly secured in end-to-end relation.
23. A joint assembly in accordance with claim 22, wherein said
joint membrane assumes an inverted, generally U-shaped
configuration in transverse cross section.
24. A joint assembly in accordance with claim 22, wherein opposite
ends of the side pad elements define complementarily bevelled end
faces, and said end faces of adjacent end dam sections are
adhesively secured to each other.
25. A joint assembly in accordance with claim 22, wherein said
joint membrane embeds a fabric layer.
26. An elongate end dam section for securance to spaced, closely
adjacent roadway slabs supported for relative movement with respect
to each other, said end dam section being adapted to be sealingly
secured to a next preceding end dam section and to the adjacent
roadway slabs, said end dam section comprising a pair of parallel,
spaced apart elongate elastomeric side pads, each defining an
expansive upper surface adapted to serve as a roadway surface, a
thin elongate elastomeric flexible joint membrane sealingly secured
to said side pads for sealingly spanning a gap between roadway
slabs, said thin joint membrane assuming an upstanding arched
configuration in transverse cross section, said membrane being very
substantially thinner than said side pads and being proportioned to
flex and to move without exerting substantial reaction forces on
said side pads, and wherein said section is bent transversely of
its length into a generally L-shaped configuration to sealingly
span a gap at the edges of said slabs and at adjacent curving.
27. An elongate end dam section in accordance with claim 26,
wherein each of said side pads embeds an elongate metal reinforcing
member, and each of said side pads and reinforcing members defines
a plurality of bolt holes for securing said end dam section to
slabs.
28. An elongate end dam section in accordance with claim 26 wherein
said dam pads of said end dam section are transversely notched to
facilitate bending into an L-shaped configuration.
Description
This invention relates to an improved roadway joint assembly, and
particularly to an end dam assembly for sealing a narrow gap
between adjacent roadway or deck slabs, such as longitudinally
disposed or transversely disposed gaps.
An increasing number of highways today are elevated and comprise
deck structures supported on piers, archways, and the like. Such
elevated deck structures are encountered on bridges as well.
Because many such roadways and deck structures are multilane in
width, and because it is not feasible to form a unitary slab equal
to the width of the entire roadway or deck structure, many such
deck structures today are made of a plurality of adjacent slabs,
each being two or three lanes in width. The slabs are positioned
next to each other, but are spaced slightly to provide a narrow,
vertical, longitudinally extending gap between them.
In many environments it is desirable to seal that narrow gap. That
is desirable, not only to protect the edges of the slabs
themselves, as from spalling, but also to protect the slab
supports, and to prevent passage of material from the deck surfaces
to whatever may be beneath the deck structure.
Because such deck structures are frequently supported on flexible
stringers (such as I-beams) on spaced bridge pads or the like, the
deck slabs, which are generally horizontally disposed, may move
longitudinally and vertically. They move longitudinally in response
to temperature changes and the like. They move vertically,
particularly between the longitudinally spaced pads or supports,
due to different traffic loads in the various lanes. Because
laterally spaced adjacent slabs are supported individually for such
movement, adjacent slabs may move in a vertical direction relative
to each other. Such differential movement may occur, for example,
when one of a pair of adjacent slabs is heavily loaded with trucks,
while the other may be carrying only automobiles.
Because of this differential vertical movement, great difficulties
have been encountered in seeking to seal the gap between the
adjacent slabs.
In accordance with this invention, a longitudinal end dam assembly
is provided, which assembly is especially adapted to seal and
bridge such a longitudinal roadway gap and which is adapted to
accommodate differential vertical movement of adjacent roadway and
deck slabs without injury either to the slabs themselves or to the
end dam assembly. The end dam assembly may also be used in
transverse joints as a gap joint seal.
The assembly includes a pair of spaced parallel pad members, one
secured to each of the adjacent upper edges of adjacent slabs, and
an interconnected joint membrane sealingly bridging the space or
gap between the pads. The membrane is proportioned to accommodate
the differential vertical movement and lateral movement between
adjacent slabs. Preferably the pads and membrane are integrally
molded of an elastomeric material, such as neoprene rubber. The end
dam assembly is designed to be self-cleaning, in normal traffic
usage, of debris and foreign particles.
To accommodate substantial lengths of roadway and deck slabs, the
end dam assembly desirably comprises a series of end dam sections
sealingly secured to each other in an end-to-end array, thereby to
provide a continuous elongate end dam assembly commensurate in
length with the length of any slabs which may be encountered.
Further objects, advantages, and features of this invention will
become apparent from the following description and drawings, of
which:
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary perspective view of a section of a deck
structure incorporating a longitudinal end dam assembly of this
invention;
FIGS. 2a and 2b are schematic end and side views, respectively, of
a deck structure in which a longitudinal end dam assembly of this
invention may be incorporated;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary view of an installed end dam
section with which the end of a next adjoining end dam section is
to be juxtaposed;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged perspective view of an end dam section ready
to be secured to adjacent deck slabs;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken substantially
along the line 5--5 of FIG. 6;
FIG. 6 is a plan view of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 3, but taken substantially along
the line 7--7 of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged fragmentary view similar to FIG. 5, showing a
position of relative vertical movement of adjacent deck slabs with
respect to each other;
FIG. 9 is another view similar to FIG. 5, showing further relative
vertical movement from the position of relative vertical movement
illustrated in FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of an end dam assembly of this
invention installed at a curb of a roadway;
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the end dam assembly of FIG.
10;
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a further end dam section
installed at a curb of a roadway;
FIG. 13 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the end dam section
of FIG. 12 before installation;
FIG. 14 is a view similar to FIG. 12 of a further end dam section
adapted to be installed at a roadway curb;
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 5;
FIG. 16 illustrates an end dam assembly of this invention in a
transverse roadway joint;
FIG. 17 illustrates an end dam assembly of this invention in a
substantially skewed transverse roadway joint; and
FIG. 18 is a perspective view illustrating a further end dam
assembly of this invention.
A longitudinally installed end dam assembly of this invention is
generally illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. The assembly is most
beneficially used to form a longitudinal joint between adjacent,
elongate deck slabs which are elevated and supported, as on beams
resting on piers, arches or other supporting structures. Slabs of
this character are most frequently encountered on bridges, on
elevated highways and the like, and the need for selling
longitudinal joints is most frequently encountered on multilane
highways where it is either impossible or unfeasible to cast an
entire width of multilane roadway or deck structure in one section.
It is to be understood that the term "longitudinal" is used herein
in the sense of the direction of travel of vehicles using the
roadway or deck structure.
On such highways, slabs S are spaced slightly apart and are
generally horizontally disposed, although the upper surface may be
somewhat inclined depending on the location of the road. The slabs
S are supported for that movement which is necessary to accommodate
changes in length due to temperature changes, and also to
accommodate that vertical movement which occurs on bridge pads or
on other suitable supports A. Because such slabs S are usually
integrated with flexible stringers (such as I-beams B), which span
longitudinally spaced supports A, the slabs will flex or bend, as
schematically illustrated in FIG. 2b. That results in relative
vertical movement, most noticeably intermediate supports A.
Frequently vertical movement of slabs S of from about one-half to
about 11/2 inches (a very substantial movement to be accommodated
by a seal) will occur, depending upon the nature of the supports A,
upon the load carried by the slabs S, the location of the load, and
the length of the slabs.
In FIGS. 1 and 2a it is seen that there is a vertical space or gap
G between adjacent slabs S. This gap is formed during pouring of
the concrete and may vary in width along its length. It is this gap
which the longitudinal end dam assembly 1 bridges and seals.
End dam assembly 1 comprises a plurality of longitudinally
disposed, elongate end dam sections 10, each of which sections
comprises a pair of spaced, longitudinally extending parallel side
pads 12 joined centrally by a gap-bridging, longitudinally
extending joint membrane 14. Membrane 14 is very substantially
thinner than the side pads 12 (as is seen in the drawings) and is
secured to the side pads adjacent the lower edges of the side pads.
Side pads 12 secure the sections 10 to the slabs S, and act as an
armor or dams for the road surface edges to prevent crumbling,
spalling, and the like.
Preferably each end dam section 10 is integrally formed, as by
being extruded or molded of a suitable elastomeric material, such
as rubber or a polychloroprene or neoprene rubber.
Each side pad 12 is generally rectangular in transverse cross
section (see FIG. 5) and embeds an elongate, longitudinally
extending reinforcing plate 16. Plates 16 extend substantially the
entire length of side pads 12 and are parallel to the upper
surfaces of the slabs. Plates 16 serve to distribute the anchoring
stud load between the anchoring studs 20. Each side pad defines a
suitable plurality of bolt holes 18, such as three, which are
proportioned to accommodate and receive a threaded anchoring stud
20, washers 22, and a nut 24 to assist in bolting and securing side
pads 12 to the edges of the deck slabs S adjacent gap G. Studs 20
may be suitably secured in deck slab S, as by an epoxy-cement grout
26, in a known manner, and the bolt holes may later be filled with
a suitable compound, such as a flexible epoxy or a vulcanizable
liquid rubber, which will bring the holes up to the level of the
lower surfaces of grooves 60 in the side pad upper surfaces 28.
The upper surfaces 28 of the side pads 12 actually serve as roadway
or deck surfaces. Accordingly, when finally, installed, the upper
surfaces 28 of side pads 12 should desirably be parallel to and
level with the upper surface of the slabs. Because of the manner in
which adjacent slabs are formed, the gap may not be precisely
centered along its entire length between the slabs. Accordingly,
when the side pads are installed, their inner vertical surfaces
will not necessarily be in precise alignment with the gap
surfaces.
When the end dam sections are installed in preexisting or finished
cast slabs, the edges of the slabs adjacent gap G must be scarified
(and then built up to level if necessary) to form edge notches 30
substantially the same size and shape as the side pads (see FIG.
5). After installation it may be necessary to back fill the notches
to completely fill any space between the outer side pad edges and
the confronting vertical notch edges. If the final road wearing
surface is to be such as of asphalt or macadam, which is deposited
on the surface of a concrete or asphaltic concrete slab, then end
dam sections 10 may simply be secured in position, after which the
road wearing or surfacing material, such as asphalt or the like is
deposited up to the level of the upper surface 28 of the side pads
and against the outer edges of the side pads.
Because the upper surfaces 28 form part of the roadway surface, to
provide for maximum traction, surfaces 28 are suitably patterned or
grooved as with grooves 60. To minimize retention of water on those
surfaces during wet weather, the grooves 60 are angularly disposed
rather than longitudinally disposed with respect to the direction
of travel of vehicles, thereby to direct water away from surfaces
28 and into the membrane area as quickly as possible, thereby to
assist in cleaning and washing the gap area. The angular
disposition of grooves 60 also enhance traction of vehicle tires,
and the patterning may be such as to create an audible, alert or
warning signal.
To secure the end dam sections to the slabs S most effectively, it
is desirable to adhere them (as well as bolt them) to slabs S. As
such, and as illustrated in the drawings, an adhesive layer 32,
such as a suitable neoprene adhesive, is applied intermediate the
lower surfaces 34 of pads 12 and the confronting slab surfaces
surfaces. Where the slab is notched, as at 30, the adhesive layer
32 may also be provided on the vertical wall of the notch.
When so secured and positioned, side pads 12 not only seal against
the passage of dirt and water under the pads and downwardly through
the gap G, but also protect the edges of the slabs adjacent gap G
from spalling, i.e., from breakage and crumbling.
As stated, in the embodiment illustrated, joint membrane 14 is
integrally formed with side pads 12, and when installed, generally
assumes the configuration illustrated in FIG. 5. Preferably, the
joint membrane 14 embeds a fabric layer 36, such as a woven
polyester fabric, to enhance its tear strength, dimensional
stability, wear, cut and abrasion resistance, and service life. The
entire end dam section may be assembled of uncured rubber elements,
appropriately embedding a fabric layer 36 and plates 16, after
which the uncured rubber is cured, as by vulcanizing it. More than
one fabric layer may be used where desired.
Because deck slabs are frequently one hundred or more feet in
length, it is not feasible, and frequently not desirable, to
provide end dam sections 10 which are commensurate in length with
such slabs. For example, an integral assembly 1 with one elongate
reinforcing plate 16, one hundred or more feet in length, might
tend to expand and contract in a manner which would destroy the
joint seal. Accordingly, in a preferred embodiment, the
longitudinal gaps between adjoining roadway slabs are bridged by
and sealed with a plurality of end dam sections 10 disposed in an
end-to-end array (see FIG. 1). Each end dam section 10 is
preferably formed so that each may be sealingly secured to the
adjacent last preceding one, thereby to act cooperatively therewith
to provide the necessary sealing effect at adjacent ends and across
the gap G, and to provide for thermal expansion and contraction
longitudinally of the array.
To so seal longitudinally adjacent sections 10, preferably the end
faces of the side pads are bevelled or tapered. One end of the side
pads 12 has first tapered end faces 40 and the other end has second
tapered end faces 42, the tapers of which are complementary.
Adjacent the end providing end faces 40, joint membrane 14 projects
outwardly and integrally with additional longitudinal seal segments
44. The lower surfaces of side pads 12 at the end providing end
faces 42 define notches 46 to receive the seal segments 44. When
adjacent section ends are juxtaposed from the position of FIG. 3 to
assume the position, for example, of FIG. 7, portions of joint
membranes 14 of adjoining end dam sections will overlie each other,
and seal segments 44 will underlie and fit within notches 46. Then
a suitable adhesive, such as neoprene adhesive layer 50, is
interposed between confronting end faces 40 and 42, between
overlapping areas of adjacent joint membranes 14, and between seal
segments 44 and notches 46, a secure, watertight, and substantially
permanent joint will be formed between adjoining end dam sections
10.
As such, a suitable number of end dam sections 10 may be joined
together to form a sealed, gap-bridging longitudinal end dam
assembly commensurate in length with any usual length of deck
slabs.
An end dam section 10 has been designed in accordance with this
invention. It is four feet in length. The side pads 12 are
approximately five inches by 1 1/2 inches in transverse cross
section. The joint membrane 14 is approximately three
thirty-seconds inch thick, includes a woven polyester fabric layer
36, and is formed integrally with the side pads adjacent the lower
surfaces of the side pads. The joint membrane 14 is molded with a
slight crown, thereby to insure flexing in the direction necessary
to assume the position of FIG. 5, i.e., the upstanding arched
configuration, illustrated in this embodiment as a generally
U-shaped configuration. When the side pads are installed with a
spacing of approximately three-fourths inch between them, the width
of the gap G between roadway slabs S, the apex of the joint
membrane 14 reaches almost to the level of the upper surfaces 28 of
the side pads, generally as illustrated in FIG. 5. Steel
reinforcing plates 16 are positioned one-fourth inch above the
lower surface 34 of the side pads, are about one-eighth inch thick
by three inches wide, and are positioned generally as illustrated
in FIG. 5.
The side pads and membrane are so configured, dimensioned and
arranged that within the design range in all positions of movement
of the slabs, hence of the membrane, the membrane is substantially
untensioned, thereby transmitting no significant reaction load to
the studs or adhesive, and exerting no significant load on the side
pads or on the slabs. That makes it possible in many cases to
install the assembly even when the roadway surface is in use.
Referring now to FIGS. 5, 8 and 9, an installed end dam section 10
will initially assume substantially the position illustrated in
FIG. 5. As the generally horizontal slabs S move vertically
relative to each other, such as from the position of FIG. 5 to that
of FIG. 8, joint membrane 14 becomes distorted, such as in the
manner schematically illustrated in FIG. 8. Such distortion tends
to lift out and elevate debris, dirt, gravel, water, and the like
which has collected in the longitudinally trough-like spaces
between the pad side edges 52 and the confronting membrane surfaces
54. The discharge of these materials eliminates their continued
packing into place, with the attendant potential of destruction of
the end dam sections and impairment of their sealing function.
As has been pointed out, the end dam assembly of this invention
serves both as an end dam and as a high quality joint seal. As seen
in FIG. 5, for example, the outer edges of the dam pads abut the
roadway material (at notch 30). The resilient end dam pads provide
resilient surfaces against which the roadway material, such as
asphalt or concrete or the like, acts to cushion shock loads,
thereby to minimize spalling at the abutting surfaces. Because the
end dam assembly of this invention does not transmit significant
loads to the roadway, it anti-spalling characteristics are further
improved as compared to existing dam and seal assemblies, such as
those illustrated in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,316,574, 3,324,774, 3,555,981
and Re. 26,733.
Indeed, the end dam assembly of this invention is adapted to seal
not only longitudinal joints, but zero degree skew transverse
joints (FIG. 16) and substantially skewed transverse joints (FIG.
17) as well, in all cases without transmitting significant loads to
the side pads 12 or to the roadway surfaces to which they are
secured. That fact enhances the utility of the end dam assembly in
that it may frequently be installed on a roadway surface without
the necessity of diverting traffic from both of the slabs to which
the end dam assembly is to be secured. The relative movement which
may be encountered will not, in the vast majority of cases, move or
act upon the side pads sufficiently to disturb their securance to
the roadway surfaces.
The use of elastomeric side pads integrated with the highly
flexible bridging membrane provides an assembly which may be easily
installed in longitudinal and transverse gaps, and even across a
roadway gap and upwardly along adjacent curbing, unlike devices
such as those illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 3,570,378.
It should be noted that in a substantially skewed joint (FIG. 17)
transverse and longitudinal components of force act upon the
membrane 14. Within the design range for a given section 10, those
force components will not transmit substantial loads to the pads
12, to the bolts or to the roadway surfaces when an assembly 1 is
installed at a skew.
Referring now to FIGS. 10 and 11, an end dam assembly of this
invention when used as a seal in a transverse or skewed joint
(FIGS. 16 and 17), may comprise a suitable plurality of end dam
sections 10 which terminate at one side adjacent curbing. So that
the gap between the adjacent curbing portions of the slabs may also
be sealed, a suitably formed end dam section 10A may be provided.
End dam section 10A is proportioned and constructed so that it may
be bent transversely of its length into L-shaped configurations and
generally to the shape illustrated in FIG. 10, i.e., to form inside
and outside corners 100 and 102, respectively.
Section 10A is proportioned so that it may be so bent even though
the metal reinforcing plates 16A are present. To facilitate bending
the end dam section 10A into the configuration illustrated in FIGS.
10 and 11, particularly where metal plates 16A are present, it is
desirable to transversely notch the side pads 12A, as with
V-notches 104. The notches 104 extend downwardly to just above the
level of metal plates 16A so that the plates 16A remain embedded in
the rubber. At inside corner 100 notch 104 will be closed. At
outside corner 102, notch 104 will be opened. In each case, the
joint membrane 14A will retain its integrity sufficiently to seal
the gap at the corners 100 and 102 and in the vertical section
106.
Because the roadway surface closely adjacent curbing is not
normally traversed by traffic, as is the main body of a transverse
end dam assembly, the joint membrane 14A in the vicinity of the
curb is not subjected to the same abuse to which a joint membrane
14 across or in the main roadway surface is subjected. Neither are
the side pads 12A subjected to the same abuse or the substantial
stresses encountered in the main roadway surface. Accordingly, it
is possible to utilize end dam sections 200 at the curb area which
do not incorporate metal reinforcing plates 16 or 16A, and that is
illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 13. End dam section 200, except for the
absence of metal plates, may be substantially identical to end dam
section 10A and, accordingly, is suitably notched (as with
V-notches 202 transversely of the dam pads 204) to facilitate
bending into inside and outside corners. The side pads may provide
suitable bolt holes (not shown) for securing the side pads to the
curb. When the end dam section 200 is secured in place, as in the
manner illustrated in FIG. 12, at an inside corner 206, the notches
202 close and, at an outside corner 208, the notches 202 open.
At the left-hand side, FIG. 14 illustrates a further end dam
section 200A defining a rectangular notch 202A. At the right-hand
side of FIG. 14, the side pad 204A has been repositioned to form an
inside corner 206A at the intersection of a curb and a horizontal
roadway surface, notch 202A having provided the means whereby a
sharp right angle bend or corner 206A was obtained. As was the case
with the embodiment of FIGS. 12 and 13, no reinforcing metal plate
is present.
FIG. 15 is a view similar to FIG. 5. It illustrates an embodiment
in which the side pad edges 52B of pads 12B taper slightly upwardly
and away from the confronting joint membrane 14B, as at an angle of
about 10.degree., thereby to enhance the dirt and water discharging
characteristics of an end dam assembly in which such an end dam
section 10B is used. Each pad 12B incorporates a reinforcing plate
16B.
FIG. 18 illustrates a further embodiment of this invention in which
a longitudinal or transverse end dam assembly 400 is formed of a
plurality of elongate side pad elements 412 and an elongate joint
membrane member 414. Joint membrane 414 includes a central
upstanding arched portion 414A and outwardly extending seal
elements 414B. In this embodiment, each pad element 412 is
substantially identical to pad elements 12, and each defines
suitable bolt holes and includes a suitable metal reinforcing
plate. The elongate joint membrane member 414 is separately formed.
For example, where the side pad elements 412 may each be about 4
feet in length, the joint membrane member 414 may be as much as 40
feet or more in length. As such, its seal elements 414B may be
secured, as at an installation site, to a plurality of side pad
elements 412, to form an integrated end dam assembly 400.
The end dam assemblies of this invention provide a number of
advantages, many of which have been referred to, and others of
which will be apparent from the foregoing description. It should be
noted that the inner confronting edges of the side pads are free of
metal, the metal plate 16 being located inwardly and downwardly of
the upper inner side pad edges. As such, when vehicles cross a
transverse end dam assembly of this invention, the rubber edges
will deform, thereby eliminating the characteristic thumping sound
in gap bridging constructions currently in vogue. Furthermore, the
resiliency of the side pad rubber will cause it to deflect when
contacted, as by a snow plow blade or the like, reducing the
likelihood that a plow blade might lift the assembly out of place,
as can be the case with rigid gap bridging constructions when they
are contacted by a plow blade or the like.
The self cleaning characteristics of end dam assemblies in
accordance with this invention have already been referred to.
Indeed, especially in cold weather when the membrane has flattened
somewhat due to the contraction of the slabs, if a stone is driven
downwardly by a tire into the membrane, the resiliency of the
membrane tends to spring the stone out of the joint and onto the
roadway, cleaning the joint and increasing the life of the end dam
assembly.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art, from the foregoing
description of several embodiments that modifications may be made
without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention and,
accordingly, it is intended that the scope of this invention shall
be limited only in accordance with the claims.
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