U.S. patent number 3,712,687 [Application Number 05/091,489] was granted by the patent office on 1973-01-23 for dual pitch track links for adjustment of cushioned tracks.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Caterpillar Tractor Co.. Invention is credited to George F. Alexander.
United States Patent |
3,712,687 |
Alexander |
January 23, 1973 |
DUAL PITCH TRACK LINKS FOR ADJUSTMENT OF CUSHIONED TRACKS
Abstract
An adjustable track assembly for a cushioned track system
comprising a plurality of shoe-bearing links, said track assembly
being mounted circumferentially around a resilient spacer means.
Some of said links in the track assembly have one pitch length and
the others have a second pitch length. By coupling together a
selected number of links of each pitch length, a closed track chain
of any given circumferential length is obtained. The particular
number of links of each length is conveniently determined by use of
a nomogram.
Inventors: |
Alexander; George F. (Marquette
Heights, IL) |
Assignee: |
Caterpillar Tractor Co.
(Peoria, IL)
|
Family
ID: |
22228051 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/091,489 |
Filed: |
November 20, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
152/185.1;
152/182; 305/202 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B60C
27/20 (20130101); B62D 55/20 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B60C
27/20 (20060101); B60C 27/00 (20060101); B62D
55/20 (20060101); B62d 055/20 () |
Field of
Search: |
;305/58,59,19,36,42
;152/187,191 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Johnson; Richard J.
Claims
I claim:
1. An adjustable track assembly comprising a plurality of closely
coupled, ground-engaging shoes, at least one articulated link
assembly having adjacent links closely coupled together and
connected to said shoes, said link assembly comprised of
substantially identical links having pivot means connecting each
pair of adjacent links together for articulated movement about the
pivot means axes to define a predetermined pitch length between
each pair of adjacent pivot means axes, each link having bore means
disposed at opposite ends thereof for receiving said pivot means,
the spacing between said oppositely disposed bore means being fixed
for each respective link, the spacing between said oppositely
disposed bore means for at least one of said links being different
from the corresponding spacing for another of said links so that at
least one of said defined pitch lengths is different from another
of said defined pitch lengths.
2. The adjustable track assembly of claim 1 including an annular
resilient spacer means rotatable about the central axis thereof,
said spacer means having a peripheral surface and side surfaces,
and said track assembly being mounted completely around said spacer
means for unitizing said spacer means therewith.
3. The invention of claim 2 wherein one of said articulated link
assemblies is adjacent to each said side surface of said resilient
spacer means and extends radially inwardly toward said central
axis.
4. The invention of claim 3 wherein each of said links has a blade
portion formed at one end thereof and a forked portion formed at
the opposite end thereof, and the blade portion of one of said
links is positioned within and pivotably connected to the forked
portion of another of said links by said pivot means.
5. The invention of claim 3 wherein each of said links is formed
with a plurality of laterally-spaced members which are connected
together by transverse spacer means.
6. The adjustable track assembly of claim 1 wherein each of said
links is constructed from forged link members of the same size, and
wherein each of said members is provided with pivot means receiving
bores in each opposite end thereof.
7. The adjustable track assembly of claim 6 wherein said pivot
means comprises pin means and bushing means and wherein said pivot
means receiving bores comprise a bushing means receiving bore at
one end of each of said link members and a pin means receiving bore
at the opposite end of each of said link members.
8. In a cushioned track assembly wherein an adjustable track
assembly surrounds an annular resilient spacer means with a
predetermined interference fit, the method of adjusting said
interference fit which comprises;
a. providing track links having fixed dimensions which define a
first predetermined pitch length,
b. providing substantially identical track links having other fixed
dimensions which define a second predetermined pitch length,
c. selecting a predetermined number of links of each of said first
and second predetermined pitch lengths, and
d. coupling said links having said first and second predetermined
pitch lengths together to form a closed, spacer means-surrounding
track assembly.
9. In a cushioned track assembly having a resilient spacer means
surrounded by a track assembly having links of two different pitch
lengths, the method for determining the number of links of each
pitch length required for an annular spacer having a given
circumferential dimension and a given interference fit which
comprises;
a. plotting the circumferential dimension of said resilient spacer
means on a first scale provided for that purpose,
b. plotting the desired interference fit on a second scale provided
for that purpose,
c. determining the point of intersection between a line drawn from
said first plot to said second plot and a third scale, provided
adjacent first and second scales, and
d. selecting the number of links of each pitch length from said
third scale.
10. An adjustable track assembly comprising a plurality of closely
coupled, ground-engaging shoes, at least one articulated link
assembly having adjacent links constructed of forged link members
of equal size with pivot means receiving bores in each opposite end
thereof, said link members being closely coupled together, and
connected to said shoes, said link assembly having pivot means
comprising pin means and bushing means, said pivot means receiving
bores comprising a bushing means receiving bore at one end of each
of said link members and a pin means receiving bore at the opposite
end of each of said link members, said pivot means connecting each
pair of adjacent links together for articulated movement about the
pivot means axes to define a predetermined pitch length between
each pair of adjacent pivot means axes, and said bores being
machined into said equal-sized link members at a first distance
apart in links having a first predetermined pitch length and at a
second distance apart in links having a second predetermined pitch
length.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a new and improved adjustment means for
the track assembly of a cushioned track system. More particularly,
the invention is directed to a novel combination of links having
long and short pitch lengths and to a method for determining the
proper number of long and short pitch length links required to
produce a track assembly having a particular desired
circumferential dimension.
Cushioned track systems for earth-working vehicles generally
comprise a track assembly made from a plurality of shoe-bearing
links coupled together and mounted for rotation upon a resilient
spacer means which in turn is drivingly mounted upon an
earth-working vehicle. Such a cushioned track system is shown in
U.S. Pat. application, Ser. No. 884,903, filed Dec. 15, 1969, now
U.S. Pat. No. 3,601,212, of common assignment with the present
invention.
One problem encountered in cushioned track systems is the
difficulty in assuring a proper fit between the track assembly and
the resilient spacer means embraced thereby. Small incremental
adjustments of the track assembly are often necessary because the
circumference of the particular resilient spacer means utilized may
vary in use. Also, the rated nominal circumferential dimension of
large resilient spacers may not be dependable. For example, newly
manufactured earth-moving vehicle tires which may be used as spacer
means, may be listed at the same nominal size but, in fact, may
vary in circumference by as much as three inches or more. To
compensate for these variations in circumferential dimension, some
means for readily adjusting the size of the track assembly must be
provided.
One means for providing the desired track assembly adjustment is
described in U.S. Pat. application, Ser. No. 100,852, filed Dec.
23, 1970, entitled "Adjustable Pitch Track Link," of common
assignment herewith. This system utilizes link connecting pivot
pins which have eccentric cam means formed thereon. By rotatably
adjusting the pivot pin cams, one may vary the effective pitch
length between any given set of links.
The present invention is principally directed to another system for
adjusting the composite length of a cushioned track assembly which
couples a plurality of links of two different pitch lengths in
various combinations to achieve any desired composite track
assembly length. Additionally, the present invention provides a
method for determining the proper number of links of each length
required for a particular track assembly length.
One of the objects of this invention is to provide a cushioned
track adjustment system which utilizes a plurality of track links
which have the same nominal pitch length and which can be
manufactured from identical forgings.
Another object of this invention is to provide a cushioned track
adjustment system which utilizes track links having the same
nominal pitch length but which have been machined to have two
different actual pitch lengths.
Still another object of this invention is to provide a plurality of
track links having pin and bushing bores which have been machined
an incremental amount to either side of their nominal centers to
provide links having two different actual pitch lengths.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide a method for
rapidly determining the number of track links having long and short
pitch lengths which are required to produce a given fit with a
given spacer means.
Another object is provide means to accurately control the fit of a
track assembly in relation to a resilient spacer in a cushioned
track.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become
apparent from the following description and claims.
The accompanying drawing shows, by way of illustration, the
preferred embodiments of the present invention and the principles
thereof. It is recognized that other embodiments of the invention
applying the same or equivalent principles may be used and that
structural changes may be made as desired by those skilled in the
art without departing from the present invention and the purview of
the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a cushioned track system which
embodies the track assembly adjustment means of the present
invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged side elevational view of a portion of the
track assembly employed in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a top elevation showing one form of the link means
utilized in the cushioned track system shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a side elevational view, similar to the one shown in FIG.
2, which shows a modified form of track shoe to be utilized in the
present invention;
FIG. 5 is another top elevation, similar to the one shown in FIG.
3, which shows an alternate form of a track link means for use in
the present invention; and
FIG. 6 shows a nomogram which may be used to determine the required
number of short and long pitch length links required to produce a
cushioned track having any given circumferential dimension.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 illustrates a cushioned track system 10 which is adapted to
replace conventional tires, crawler tracks, or the like, which are
employed on standard earth-moving vehicles. The cushioned track
system comprises an annular resilient spacer means 11 which is
circumnavigated by an endless track assembly, a portion of which is
shown at 12. The resilient spacer means 11 may comprise an
air-inflated rubber tire or an air bag mounted on a conventional
rim assembly 13. Other suitable types of resilient spacer means are
disclosed in the above-referenced U.S. Pat. application, Ser. No.
884,903.
The endless track assembly 12 comprises a plurality of closely
coupled shoes 14 having ground-engaging grousers 14a which shoes
are suitably attached to a chain of link members 15 which
completely circumnavigates said resilient spacer means 11.
As more clearly shown in FIG. 2, the preferred embodiment of the
link chain of the present invention includes a plurality of links
16, 17, and 18 coupled together by means of pins 19 suitably
received in bushings 20. Each individual link is provided with
bores for mounting a pin and a bushing, respectively, at each
opposite end thereof. The ground-engaging track shoes 14 are
secured by bolts or other suitable fasteners to the link chain
formed by the coupled links.
Initially, each of the links 16, 17, and 18 has the same nominal
pitch length because each link is made from an identical forging.
That is, the distance between the nominal centers of the pin and
bushing bores of each link is the same. However, by properly
machining the link bores, links having two different pitch lengths
may be obtained.
For the purpose of illustration, link 17 in FIG. 2 will be
designated as a link having a long pitch length and link 18 will be
designated as a link having a short pitch length. The letter N is
used to designate the nominal pitch length of the link. This is the
distance which would separate the centers of the pin and bushing
bores on either end of the link if said bores were located
uniformly on all links. However, it will be noted that the actual
centers of the pin and bushing bores of link 17 have been machined
a small amount off center with respect to said nominal centers so
that the actual distance between the centers of the pin and bushing
bores of link 17 is a distance L, which is incrementally greater
than the distance N. In a similar manner, the pitch length of the
link 18 has been shortened by the same amount. As can be seen, the
nominal pitch length is again designated by the letter N, and the
pin and bushing bores have been machined off center to the inside
of the nominal centers so as to create a shorter actual pitch
length S.
Thus, it is seen that, by proper machining, links of different
actual pitch length can be created from forgings having the same
nominal pitch length. By coupling together a selected number,
including zero, of links having short pitch lengths and a selected
member, including zero, of links having long pitch lengths, a link
chain of any composite length, or when closed, of any
circumferential dimension, can be created.
For example, if links 17 and 18 initially have the same nominal
pitch length of 8.00 inches, an actual pitch length differential
between the long and short links of 0.250 inches may be obtained.
This is done by machining both the pin bore and the bushing bore of
the link 18 to 0.062 inches off-center to the inside of the nominal
length N providing the link with an actual pitch length of 7.875
inches. Conversely, link 17 has its pin bore and bushing bore each
machined 0.063 inches to the outside of the nominal length N,
giving it a pitch length L of 8.125 inches. This results in a pitch
length differential of 0.250 inches between the two links.
It should be noted that this small difference in pitch length
between the various links of the track chain is not enough to
create interference problems with the shoes 14. Although all of
said shoes are of uniform length, ample overlap is provided between
the lugs 40, 41 of each shoe to prevent gapping or mating thereof.
The modified shoes shown in the embodiment of FIG. 4 are also
provided with sufficient lug overlap to avoid any problems when a
limited pitch length differential such as 0.250 inches is used.
FIG. 4 also shows a modified form of grouser 14b which may be
utilized.
FIGS. 3 and 5 show alternate forms of the link chain which may
incorporate the present invention. In FIG. 3, a single-link chain
is shown. One of these single-link chains would be adopted for
disposition on each side of the resilient spacer means shown in
FIG. 1. The shoes 14 would extend transversely across the
peripheral surface of said spacer means and would connect the
respective link chains at fastening points 30 provided in each
link. Each link is provided with a pin bore 31 and a bushing bore
32 at opposite ends which may be machined off-center with respect
to their nominal centers to provide either a long or short pitch
length, as previously described. The links are provided with blade
portions 45 to mate with complementing fork portions 46, as
shown.
The modification of FIG. 5 shows a double link chain which may be
utilized in lieu of the single link chain of FIG. 3. This chain
would be disposed in the same position as the single-link chain,
and includes pins 42 and bushings 43 for coupling each set of
laterally disposed rail members 44.
In accordance with the present invention, a means and method for
determining the proper number of short pitch and long pitch links,
sections, or the like which must be articulated to produce a track
assembly of the desired circumference is provided. With reference
to FIG. 6, it is seen that a nomogram of three scales is provided.
The first scale, labeled INTERFERENCE FIT, is graduated from 0 to
10 inches. The term "interference fit" is used herein to describe
the desired tightness of fit between the track assembly and the
spacer means in any particular application. It refers to the
difference between the circumference of the resilient spacer means
11 with and without the track assembly mounted thereupon. In other
words, if a resilient spacer means has a circumference of 270.0
inches prior to installation of the track assembly and has a
circumference of 265.0 inches when the track assembly is mounted,
then the interference fit is 5.0 inches, or the difference between
the two circumferential dimensions. The scale at the right of the
nomogram is graduated in inches and indicates the measured
circumference of the resilient spacer means prior to track assembly
installation. The scale at the center of the nomogram indicates
both the total number of links and the number of links of each
pitch length required to make up a track assembly of a given
circumferential dimension.
The utility of the nomogram is best illustrated by way of example.
For example, assume that the particular spacer used is a 24 .times.
35 earth-mover tire, and the tire has a measured circumference of
258.5 inches when inflated to operating pressure. Assume that an
interference fit of 5.0 inches is desired. That is, assume that the
tire circumference will be 253.5 inches when the track assembly is
mounted thereupon. To determine the correct number of links of each
pitch length required in this situation, one would plot the
circumference on the scale at the right of the nomogram, i.e., at
A, and one would plot the desired interference fit on the scale at
the left of the nomogram, i.e., at B. Then, one would draw a line
between the plots A and B. Where this line crosses the center line
of the center scale can be found an indication of the total number
of links as well as the number of links of each length
required.
In this particular example, the line crosses the center scale at a
point C. It can be seen that this point is within the confines of
the area marked 30 on the total number scale. This means that a
total number of 30 links will be required to produce a track chain
of the desired fit. The particular number of links of each pitch
length is found on each of the scales marked LONG and SHORT in the
nomogram. It can be seen that the point C lies on the center line
at the graduation marked 25, reading upwardly from 0 to 30 on the
LONG scale. This means that 25 long pitch links will be required in
this particular combination. Also, reading downwardly from the 0
mark on the SHORT scale, it can be seen that the point C is on the
fifth graduation. This means that five short pitch links will be
required in the given combination.
Thus, it can be seen that the number of short and long pitch length
links can be readily determined by drawing a line between the plots
on the spacer circumference scale and the interference fit scale,
and that a track assembly with almost any desired length, in
increments of 0.250 inches, can be assembled to produce any desired
interference fit.
While the preferred embodiments of the invention have been
illustrated and described, it is understood that these embodiments
are capable of variation and modification and are not limited to
the precise details set forth, but rather include such variations
and modifications as fall within the scope of the appended
claims.
* * * * *