U.S. patent number 3,712,320 [Application Number 05/138,908] was granted by the patent office on 1973-01-23 for an annular fluidic control device.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Pitney-Bowes, Inc.. Invention is credited to Theodore J. Jansen.
United States Patent |
3,712,320 |
Jansen |
January 23, 1973 |
AN ANNULAR FLUIDIC CONTROL DEVICE
Abstract
A fluidic apparatus comprises an annular shaped body which
includes a centrally located aperture extending through a thickness
of the body. The body includes a plurality of fluidic devices
formed therein and which are positioned about the aperture. A flow
channel means for each of the devices communicates between the
aperture and an associated device while a gas flow manifold extends
into the aperture and conveys a gas from a source to the flow
channel means. Through this arrangement, the operating
characteristics of the apparatus are enhanced.
Inventors: |
Jansen; Theodore J. (Stratford,
CT) |
Assignee: |
Pitney-Bowes, Inc. (Stamford,
CT)
|
Family
ID: |
22484208 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/138,908 |
Filed: |
April 30, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
137/833; 137/884;
137/818 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F15C
5/00 (20130101); F15B 13/00 (20130101); Y10T
137/2224 (20150401); Y10T 137/87885 (20150401); Y10T
137/2142 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
F15B
13/00 (20060101); F15C 5/00 (20060101); F15c
001/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;137/81.5,608 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
Langley, R. F. and Schulz, P. B., "Modular Pneumatic Logic
Package," I.B.M. Tech. Dis. Bulletin, Vol. 6, No. 5, Oct.
1963..
|
Primary Examiner: Cline; William R.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A fluidic apparatus comprising:
a plurality of annular shaped body members each having a thickness
thereof and including a centrally located aperture extending
through the thickness of the member, said plurality of members
including a flow disc having a plurality of grooves formed in a
surface thereof, and a gasket having apertures for converting said
grooves into channels and chambers and for providing input and
output ports to said channels and chambers;
a manifold body adapted to extend through the central aperture of
each of said members; and
means directly connected to the manifold body for mounting said
body members on said manifold body with the apertures of all said
body members being in alignment and said manifold body extending
through said aligned apertures, said flow disc and gasket defining
between them a plurality of fluidic devices each having at least an
emitter channel, a chamber, and input and output ports;
said manifold body defining a gas flow passage communicating
between a gas source and each of said emitter channels for
providing a gas supply input to said fluidic devices.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein at least one of the channels of
one of the fluidic devices communicates with the periphery of said
body for venting the fluidic device to atmospheric pressure.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said fluidic devices are
defined by a tier of said annular shaped body members, and said
annular shaped body members include a plurality of several such
tiers mounted on the manifold body.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein means are provided for
establishing flow paths between the devices in different tiers of
said apparatus.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said body members are circular
shaped, said plurality of devices are symmetrically positioned
about the axis of said aperture in said flow disc, and said emitter
channels extend in a radial direction from said aperture.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said gasket is formed of a
relatively soft sealing material, and said body members include a
disc, formed of a relatively more firm material, which is
positioned between said flow disc and gasket.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said manifold body is
cylindrically shaped and includes an axially extending bore and a
transversely formed aperture extending between the bore and an
outer surface of said body for providing a fluid flow path through
said bore to said aperture and through said aperture to said
fluidic devices, and said means for mounting said body members
comprises first and second annular shaped plates each having
apertures therein and through which said manifold body extends,
said plates positioned on said body for positioning therebetween
said plurality of annuarly shaped apparatus body members, and a
locking means secured to said manifold body and establishing a
force between said first and second plates.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein said manifold body includes an
externally formed threaded segment and said locking means comprises
a means for engaging said threaded segment and for applying a force
to said second plate.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said manifold body includes a
shoulder formed therein near a distal segment thereof for
restricting motion of said first plate in an axial direction, a
spacer body abutting against said second plate and means for
forming a gas tight seal between said manifold body and said plate,
and a nut engaging said thread and abutting against said spacer
means for establishing a force against said second body.
Description
This invention relates to fluidic apparatus. The invention relates
more particularly to an improved arrangement of a fluidic
apparatus.
A fluidic device, as is well known, comprises a means for defining
a carrier fluid flow channel and a channel for a control fluid
which operates on the carrier fluid to provide amplification or
switching. A plurality of such fluidic devices have been arranged
in a single body to form a fluidic apparatus. The apparatus
includes inlet and outlet couplings to the various fluidic devices
as well as intercoupling between the devices of the apparatus.
Present day fluidic apparatus have a parallelpiped shaped
configuration. This configuration leads to several disadvantages
which reduce operating reliability and usefulness of the apparatus
and result in relatively inefficient fabrication. The fluidic
devices are generally formed in a plastic material which exhibits a
shrinkage characteristic. This characteristic can differ in
magnitude over the cross-sectional area of the apparatus and
results in varying operating characteristics for similar fluidic
devices of the apparatus. Additionally, this nonuniform shrinkage
undesirably alters alignment and sealing between components of the
device. Furthermore, the relatively large dimensions of a body of
this configuration which incorporates a large number of fluidic
devices necessitates the establishment of flow paths between
devices within the body which are relatively long and which
undesirably increase the response time of operation of the devices.
In certain apparatus of this configuration a carrier gas inlet
manifold is provided which communicates with one or more of the
devices in the apparatus. The plurality of devices in a
parallelpiped arrangement deriving carrier gas from a common inlet
manifold has resulted in the spacing of the devices along a length
of the body and contributes to an apparatus having a form factor
which provides an apparatus packing density less than is
desirable.
The present day fabrication of a parallelpiped configuration is
relatively inefficient in view of the fact that the setting of a
large number of rivets is generally required in order to complete
the assembly of the apparatus. This setting of a large number of
rivets generally results in nonuniform distribution of pressures
between members of the body which ultimately degrades performance
of the apparatus. Finally, the fluidic devices have relatively
small dimensions and have been reproduced commercially by providing
a relatively large art work and photoreducing the art work to final
dimensions. The rectangular surface of a body member of a
parallelpiped shaped apparatus does not readily conform to the
general shape of lens systems employed for photoreduction. The
portion of the apparatus being photoreduced by the lens system near
the peripheries of the lens exhibits non-uniformities attributable
to lens distortions. For these and other reasons, the operating
characteristics and fabrication efficiency of the parallelpiped
shaped fluidic apparatus have been less than desirable.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide an
improved fluidic apparatus.
Another object of the invention is to provide a fluidic apparatus
having a plurality of fluidic devices and which is configured to
enhance the operating characteristics and to reduce the fabrication
costs of the apparatus.
Another object of the invention is to provide a fluidic apparatus
of reduced dimensions.
Another object of the invention is to provide a fluidic apparatus
having enhanced response times.
A further object of the invention is to correct one or more of the
above enumerated disadvantages in the operation and fabrication of
a fluidic apparatus.
In accordance with the general features of the invention, a fluidic
apparatus comprises an annular shaped body which includes a
centrally located aperture extending through a thickness of the
body. The body includes a plurality of fluidic devices formed
therein and which are positioned about the aperture. A flow channel
means for each of the devices communicates between the aperture and
an associated device while a gas flow manifold extends into the
aperture and conveys a gas from a source to the flow channel means.
Through this arrangement, the operating characteristics of the
apparatus are enhanced because of relatively shorter flow paths
extending between intercoupled fluidic devices in the apparatus and
because the annular configuration contributes to a uniform
shrinkage of the body thereby resulting in an equal variation in
characteristic for each of the devices as well as maintenance of
alignment and gas seal between the devices. Additionally, the
fabrication costs are reduced over present day arrangements and a
uniform pressure can be exerted on members of a body by virtue of a
single connector secured to a manifold body.
These and other objects and features of the invention will become
apparent with reference to the following specifications and to the
drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is an elevation view of a fluidic apparatus constructed in
accordance with features of this invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view illustrating members of a fluidic
apparatus body;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged plan view of a portion of a fluidic device
flow disc incorporated in an embodiment of this invention; and,
FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of the fluidic apparatus of
FIG. 1.
Referring now to the drawings, the fluidic apparatus is shown to
include an annular shaped body 10 which comprises a plurality of
annular shaped body members defining a plurality of fluidic
devices. FIG. 4 illustrates a two-tier body wherein each tier
defines a separate array of symmetrically positioned fluidic
devices. Each body, or tier in a multi-tier apparatus, comprises a
circular shaped plastic flow disc 12 [FIG. 2] having an aperture 13
located in the center thereof, and formed of polystyrene for
example; a circular shaped gasket body 14 having an aperture 15
located in the center thereof and formed of Buna rubber for
example; a circular shaped circuit disc 16 having an aperture 17
located in the center thereof and formed of a beryllium copper
alloy for example; and a circular shaped gasket body 18 having a
centrally located aperture 19 and fabricated of Buna rubber for
example. As indicated in greater detail hereinafter, the flow disc
12 and the circuit disc 16 includes a plurality of apertures and
transversely extending grooves which define desired flow paths for
the fluidic devices. In order to inhibit the relatively soft
material of gaskets 14 and 18 from deforming into and obstructing
these recesses, there is sandwiched between the flow disc 12 and
gasket 14, a circular plastic disc 20 formed of Mylar for example
and having a centrally located circular aperture 21. Similar discs
22 and 24 are sandwiched between the circuit disc 16 and the gasket
14 and between gasket 18 and the circuit disc 16 respectively. One
or more assemblies of these body members are provided to form a
second tier as illustrated in FIG. 4.
The body members are positioned about an elongated, annular-shaped
manifold body 26 which provides a means for conveying a carrier gas
from a source, not illustrated, to the fluidic devices of the
apparatus. The manifold body 26 includes a segment 27 of reduced
outside diameter, a centrally located bore 28 and an aperture 30
extending transversely through a wall of the bore. The aperture 30
communicates with an enclosed volume 31 formed by the segment 27
and the body members. A flow stream of carrier gas which comprises
air under pressure for example flows to the space 31 over an
enclosed path defined by a plastic elbow 32, the bore 28 and the
aperture 30. This supply of carrier gas is filtered by a nylon
screen 34 which extends into the bore 28 from a distal edge segment
36 of the body 26. The filter screen includes a shoulder 38 which
abuts the distal segment 36 of the body 26 and restricts further
entry into the bore 28. A press fit is provided between the elbow
32 and body 26 and a force exerted on a lower surface of the
shoulder 38 by a shoulder 40 which is formed in the plastic elbow
32 secures the screen 34 in place.
In addition to the body members enumerated herein before, the
apparatus includes means for securing the body members in alignment
and for mounting members to the manifold body 26. This means
includes upper and lower plates 42 and 44 respectively which are
circular shaped and have apertures centrally located therein.
Indexing pins 45 extend through alignment apertures 46 formed in
the body members and through apertures formed in the upper and
lower plates in order to provide alignment of the various members
of the assembly. These apertures are preferably assymertically
positioned about the manifold body in order to inhibit improper
assembly of the body members. The upper plate 42 is restrained by a
shoulder 47 formed in the manifold body 26. A force is exerted
against the lower surface of the plate 44 which secures and mounts
the assembly to the manifold body 26. This fore is established by a
spacer body 48 and lock nut 49 which engages an exterior threaded
surface 50 of the manifold 26. A star washer 51 is located between
the spacer 48 and locknut 49 and O-ring gasket 52 provides a
leakproof seal between the manifold body 26 and the lower plate
44.
Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, the body member configurations for
the fluidic apparatus will be described in greater detail. The flow
disc 12 includes recesses formed in the surface thereof which when
combined with a sealing gasket 14 defines a plurality of fluidic
devices equally spaced about a longitudinal axis 60 of the disc.
Although, the fluidic devices illustrated in FIG. 2 and 3 are shown
to be comprised of flow-mode type amplifiers it is understood that
other fluidic devices, as for example wall attachment and
proportional amplifier flip-flop and one-shot devices, can equally
well be employed in accordance with the general features of this
invention. The flow-mode turbulence amplifier device is shown to
include a carrier gas emitter channel 62 for conveying carrier gas
to a control chamber 64. Positioning of the flat gasket surface 14
on the disc 12 encloses grooves formed in the disc 12 thereby
establishing channels and chambers. Carrier gas flowing from the
chamber 64 will flow to a collector groove 66 and port 67 and then
to an outlet of the device or through vent channel 68 and 70 to
vent ports 72 and 74 respectively. Control gas inputs are provided
through control gas grooves 76,78,80 and 82 and their associated
ports 77, 79, 81 and 83 respectively. The carrier gas for each
fluidic device will flow from the manifold aperture 30 (FIG. 4)
into the space 31 through a circular manifold formed by a ridge 84
and gasket 14 and through an inlet port 85 to the emitter channel
62. Gasket 15 includes apertures 86 which index with those ports of
a fluidic device which are utilized in a circuit while the surface
of the gasket seals off the unused ports. Similarly, the discs
20,22, and 24 include apertures 87 which index with the disc ports
and apertures 86. These discs may be interchangeably employed by
establishing apertures 87 at each port location on a disc 12.
Intercoupling means between the fluidic devices in a flow disc 12
is provided in part by the apertures 87 formed in the Mylar discs
20 and 22, the aperture 86 formed in the rubber gasket 14 and
aperture 88 formed in the metal disc 16. The apertures in the discs
20 and 22 and in the rubber gasket 14 index to provide a flow path
between a particular groove of a device and conductive path formed
in the metal disc 16. For example, in the illustration of FIG. 2,
the fluidic device referenced generally as 90 will include a
collector groove which indexes with apertures in the disc 20, the
rubber gasket 14, the disc 20 and the metal disc 16. A flow path 92
is defined in the disc 16 between the aperture indexed with the
collector groove of the device 90 and an aperture indexed with a
control groove of another device 94 located on the disc 12. Thus
the outlet of the fluidic device 90 is employed as a control input
to the device 94. Various other circuit arrangements can be readily
provided by establishing the desired flow paths in the disc 16 and
by providing proper indexing holes between the desired control and
emitter grooves in the flow disc 12.
In addition to the intercoupling between the different flow devices
formed on a single flow disc, there is provided intercoupling
between the flow discs in different tiers of the apparatus. FIG. 4
illustrates this form of coupling arrangement. In FIG. 4 a
collector groove outlet port 100 of a fluidic device indexes with
with a port 102 in the circuit disc 16. A channel, not illustrated,
is formed in the circuit disc 16 between the port 102 and a second
port 104 which indexes with a channel 106 extending in an axial
direction and formed in the thickness of a second flow disc 108.
This channel 106 indexes with a control groove inlet port 109 for a
fluidic device formed on the flow disc 108 in a second tier.
Another control groove port 110 of the dame device is shown to
index with an aperture 111 in a metal disc 112 and a channel in the
disc 112, not shown, couples the aperture 111 to an aperture 114
which indexes with an inlet tubulation 116. A control gas
comprising a control input to a fluidic device is supplied from a
source not shown to the tubulation 116 through a flexible plastic
tubing 118. Through channels, not shown, are also formed by the
body members for coupling the inlet tubulation directly to devices
of the lower tier. Thus, control of the fluidic devices in the
apparatus is provided both by the coupling of an outlet of one
device to an inlet of other devices as well as through the
application of control gas to the device from an external source.
One or more external control sources can be coupled to one or more
control inlet tubes. In a similar manner, an outlet tubulation 120
indexes with an aperture 122 for a channel in the circuit disc 117.
The channel, not shown, communicates with a collector groove of a
fluidic device. The gas outlet flow from he fluidic device is then
coupled through a tubulation 124 or alternatively a plug-in
coupling, not illustrated, to a utility device. A plurality of such
outlet tabulations can also be provided. Through channels, not
shown, are also formed by the body members for coupling the outlet
tubulation directly to devices of the lower tier.
As indicated hereinbefore, a pair of vent ports 72 and 74 are
provided in a flow disc for each of the fluidic devices. These vent
ports are formed in the peripheral surface of the flow disc 12.
These vents, as indicated, communicate with the channels 68 and 70
respectively and provide a venting path to atmosphere for a device.
In order to inhibit the backflow into the device of dust and of
other particles which may interfere with its proper functioning, a
screen 130 is formed about the peripheral surface of the apparatus
body. The screen 130 extends between the upper and lower plates 42
and 44 and abuts against the peripheral surfaces of the various
apparatus members. The screening is formed of a suitable fine mesh
to inhibit backflow of particles and maintain an unrestricted gas
venting flow path. A suitable screen is formed for example of 160
.times. 160 stainless steel mesh or a Monel plain weave. The screen
130 is itself protected from deformations by a second more coarse
screen 132 which is positioned about it and which is weaved from
polypropylene for example. This screen is secured in position by
O-rings 134 and 136 which are positioned over the outer surface of
the screen and abut against the upper and lower surfaces 42 and 44
respectively.
The operation of a fluidic device of the flow mode amplifier type
referred to hereinbefore will now be described with reference to
FIG. 3. Fluid under pressure flows from the manifold body 26
through the emitter channel 62 and forms a laminer jet which is
directed into the axially aligned collector groove 66. Fluid thus
flows through this channel to a second device or to an apparatus
which is to be controlled or operated. Any simultaneous fluid flow
in the interaction chamber 64 which does not flow into the
collector groove 66 will leave the system via the venting channels
68 and 70 and the associated venting ports 72 and 74. In this mode
of operation or condition, the fluid recovery pressure in the
collector groove 66 will be relatively high. When it is desired to
change the operative condition of the device, a fluid pressure
control signal is introduced through any one of the four control
line ports 77,79,81 or 83 and their associated grooves 76,78,80 and
82 respectively. When an appropriate fluid pressure control signal
is introduced through any one of these ports for example and
against the side of the laminer jet, three significant changes
occur. First, the laminer jet issuing from the emitter groove
becomes turbulent; secondly, the jet of fluid issuing from the
emitter groove is caused to deflect to a substantial extent towards
a side wall, the axis of this turbulent fluid flow in this case
being deflected toward the left when an input is applied to the
control port 77 for example; and thirdly, the deflected turbulent
fluid stream effectively interacts with the side wall in flowing
toward the venting ports 72 and 74 at the downstream end of the
chamber 64. Most of the fluid flow during this turbulent mode of
operation will exit through the venting ports 72 and 74 and only a
relatively small amount will enter the collector groove 66. Thus,
in this second operative mode or condition, the fluid recovery
pressure in the collector groove 66 will be relatively low. As the
fluid control signal applied to the control port 77 is terminated,
the fluid flow in the chamber 64 will immediately return to its
first or normal operative condition of laminer flow.
Thus, an improved fluidic apparatus has been described which
provides a plurality of fluidic devices in a relatively small
apparatus thereby enhancing the packing density for a fluidic
system employing such apparatus. In addition, the annular
configuration of the fluidic apparatus results in uniform shrinkage
of plastic flow disc members and a resulting uniform variation in
the characteristics of all of the elements when such shrinkage
occurs rather than an undesirable varying shrinkage. The alignment
and seal between the members is thus maintained. Furthermore, the
annular configuration is particularly beneficial when
photo-reducing the flow disc and other body members which are
initially produced through large scale art work and are then
reduced to smaller dimensions. Fringe effects and edge distortions
occuring in lens systems employed for reducing this art work are
substantially avoided with the circular configuration described. In
addition, the use of a single fastner which applies a uniform
pressure throughout the body results in a more uniform structure
and substantially reduces the fabrication costs by eliminating the
need for many rivet connections as has been provided in the
past.
The described fluidic apparatus is further beneficial in that the
intercoupling paths between different fluidic devices in the
apparatus is substantially reduced over prior arrangements by
virtue of the configuration disclosed. The reduction in these flow
paths substantially reduces the response times of a system
employing the fluidic devices. For example, the fluidic device
illustrated in FIG. 4 and including the flow disc of FIG. 2 and 3
is particularly useful when intercoupled as a ring counter. The
uniform and symmetrical geometry of these devices positioned about
a central axis contributes to the reduction in the length of flow
path and renders this configuration particularly useful as a ring
counter form of digital device.
While I have described and illustrated a particular embodiment of
my invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that
various modifications may be made thereto without departing from
the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended
claims.
* * * * *