U.S. patent number 3,711,846 [Application Number 05/113,324] was granted by the patent office on 1973-01-16 for segment locating intrusion alarm system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Holobeam, Inc.. Invention is credited to Julius R. Insler, Gabor Schlisser.
United States Patent |
3,711,846 |
Schlisser , et al. |
January 16, 1973 |
SEGMENT LOCATING INTRUSION ALARM SYSTEM
Abstract
An intrusion alarm protection system for use in an area enclosed
by a multi-segmented perimeter. An intrusion into the area actuates
an alarm and the segment in which the intrusion occurs is uniquely
identified. In the embodiment of the invention herein disclosed, a
beam is directed around the protected area by repeaters located at
the termination of each perimeter segment. When any repeater does
not receive an input pulse, due to the interruption in the beam to
that repeater as a result of an intrusion, the latter produces a
unique or characteristic signal. That signal is received to actuate
the alarm, and decoded at a master receiver to provide the desired,
unambiguous indication of the individual segment in which the
intrusion occurred.
Inventors: |
Schlisser; Gabor (Tenafly,
NJ), Insler; Julius R. (Bergenfield, NJ) |
Assignee: |
Holobeam, Inc. (Paramus,
NJ)
|
Family
ID: |
22348806 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/113,324 |
Filed: |
February 8, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
340/557; 250/221;
19/.21; 340/552 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G08B
13/183 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G08B
13/183 (20060101); G08B 13/18 (20060101); G08b
013/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;340/258B,276,258R
;343/5PD,7.5 ;250/221 ;325/2,29 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Yusko; Donald J.
Assistant Examiner: Slobasky; Michael
Claims
We claim:
1. An alarm system for indicating and locating the occurrence of an
intrusion into an area enclosed by a perimeter having a plurality
of interconnected segments, said system comprising means for
directing a beam of electromagnetic energy along one segment of
said perimeter, receiving means located adjacent said beam
directing beams, and a plurality of means for receiving and then
redirecting said beam about said perimeter to a succeeding one of
said redirecting means including means responsive to the
interruption of said beam in an immediately preceding one of said
segments for producing a characteristic signal that is different
for each of said redirecting means and for directing said
characteristic signal to the succeeding one of said redirecting
means of said receiving means, said receiving means including
location indication means responsive to said characteristic signal
when received at said receiving means for producing an indication
of the one of said segments in which the interruption of said beam
occurred, said redirecting means including means for producing a
substantially non-delayed signal in response to a received
non-interrupted signal and a delayed signal when the beam in the
immediately preceding one of said segments is interrupted, said
delayed signal defining said characteristic signal, said delayed
signal producing means comprising means for generating a ramp
signal, and means for comparing the instantaneous level of said
ramp signal and a reference signal and for producing a signal when
the level of the former bears a predetermined relation to the
latter.
2. The system of claim 1, in which said characteristic signal
producing means at said redirecting means successively further
removed from said transmitting means includes means for producing
signals that are delayed with respect to said transmitted beam
signal by increasing time intervals.
3. The system of claim 1, in which said redirecting means further
comprises first transducer means for receiving an input beam signal
and for producing an output signal in response thereto, an output
transducer, and means for coupling one of said output signals and
the signal produced by said comparing means to said output
transducer.
4. The system of claim 3, in which said redirecting means further
comprises means for coupling the output signal of said first
transducer to said ramp signal generating means for resetting the
latter.
5. The system of claim 4, in which said location indication means
includes a plurality of indicators, one of said indicators being
provided for each of said perimeter segments, said receiving means
further including alarm means, and means responsive to the sensing
of an interruption of said beam in any one of said segments for
actuating said alarm means, said indication producing means
comprising means for actuating one of said segment indicators
corresponding to the one of said segments in which said beam is
interrupted.
6. The system of claim 5, in which said beam interruption sensing
means includes gating means, and means for periodically enabling
said gating means for a predetermined first time period, and for
disabling said gating means for a second predetermined time period
following said first time period.
7. The system of claim 6, in which said receiving means further
comprises second gating means, and means for enabling said second
gating means when said first-mentioned gating means is disabled and
for disabling said second gating means when said first gating means
is enabled.
8. The system of claim 7, in which said receiving means further
includes counting means, means effective when enabled to provide a
series of counting signals to said counting means, means responsive
to the sensing of an interrupted beam signal for disabling said
counting signal providing means, and decoding means coupled to said
counting means and said segment location means and effective when
enabled to selectively actuate one of said segment indicators in
accordance with the state of said counting means at the time of the
disabling of said count signal providing means.
9. The system of claim 8, in which said receiving means further
comprises means for enabling said decoding means in response to the
sensing of an interrupted beam signal in any of said segments and
the operation of said alarm actuating means.
10. The system of claim 9, in which said receiving means further
comprises means coupled to said first gating means for sensing the
absence of at least two consecutive undelayed signals at said
receiving means from the one of said redirecting means immediately
preceding said receiving means, and means coupled to said two
consecutive signal sensing means for enabling said alarm actuating
means in response to that sensing.
11. The system of claim 10, in which said plurality of segment
indicator includes a last segment indicator, and further comprising
means for enabling said last segment indicator in response to the
actuation of said alarm means and the absence of a received
interrupted pulse from said redirecting means.
12. An alarm system for indicating and locating an intrusion into
an area enclosed by a perimeter having a plurality of
interconnected segments, said system including means located
adjacent one of said segments for transmitting a beam of
electromagnetic energy along said one of said segments, receiving
means located adjacent said transmitting means, beam redirecting
means located at the ends of the others of said segments for
receiving and redirecting said beam about said perimeter to said
receiving means, each of said redirecting means including means for
transmitting a first substantially undelayed output signal upon the
receipt thereat of an uninterrupted beam signal, and for
transmitting a characteristic signal different than said output
signal when no beam signal is received thereat for a predetermined
time interval following the receipt of the immediately preceding
one of said beam signals, said receiving means including a
plurality of segment indicators and means responsive to a received
one of said characteristic signals when said beam is interrupted in
one of said segments for actuating one of said segment locators
corresponding to the segment in which the transmitted beam is
interrupted, said delayed signal producing means comprising means
for generating a ramp signal, and means for comparing the
instantaneous level of said ramp signal and a reference signal and
for producing a signal when the level of the former is
substantially equal to that of the latter.
13. The system of claim 12, in which said characteristic signal
producing means at said redirecting means successively further
removed from said transmitting means includes means for delaying
said characteristic signals with respect to the time of the
uninterrupted beam signal by increasing time intervals.
14. The system of claim 12, in which said redirecting means further
comprises first transducer means for receiving an input signal and
for producing an output signal in response thereto, an output
transducer, and means for coupling one of said output signals and
the signal produced by said comparing means to said output
transducer.
15. The system of claim 14, in which said redirecting means further
comprises means for coupling the output signal of said first
transducer to said ramp signal generating means for the purpose of
resetting the latter.
16. The system of claim 14, in which said transmitting means and
said output transducer in each of said redirecting means includes a
laser.
Description
The present invention relates generally to intrusion alarm systems,
and more particularly to an intrusion alarm system for use in
protecting an area having a multi-segmented perimeter.
The owner of property of a commercial as well as a residential
nature has a natural desire to protect his home or factory from
theft and vandalism. It is thus not uncommon for property owners to
construct a protective fence surrounding their property to prevent
the unwanted entry of intruders, such as would-be thieves or
vandals, into the property and buildings located thereon. That
fence may include, as is common, a physical entrance-preventing
structure, or it may be simply in the form of a beam of light or
infrared energy projected about the perimeter of the protected
area. To greatly increase the amount of protection that such fences
provide, many property owners have also installed alarm systems
which are actuated whenever an undesired intruder gains access to
the protected property, such as by breaking through or climbing
over the protective fence, or by interrupting the protective light
beam.
One major drawback in the conventionally employed intrusion alarm
systems is that they are often insensitive to the location or
direction of the intrusion. That is, the alarm, when actuated, is
the same irrespective of the location at which the unwanted
entrance into the protected property was made. This inability to
detect, or to at least isolate, the location of the intrusion,
significantly reduces the efficiency of the known intrusion alarms
since it delays by a considerable time the location and thus the
apprehension of the intruder. This is a particular problem in the
protection of large areas such as industrial, military, and similar
installations. A knowledge of the location of the initial intrusion
into the property is also of use in tracking down the escaping
intruder who in all likelihood would attempt to escape through the
same segment through which the initial access into the property was
made.
One type of intrusion alarm system that has been proposed consists
of a transmitter which, in combination with suitably located
repeaters or reflectors, causes a beam to travel about the various
segments or paths of the perimeter of the protected facility. When
an intrusion occurs anywhere in that perimeter, the beam is
temporarily interrupted which in turn causes the alarm to be
actuated. As noted above, in this conventional intrusion alarm
system, it is, however, not possible to identify or locate the
particular beam segment in which the beam interruption caused by
the intrusion occurred.
It has been proposed to obtain intrusion location information of
this nature by providing separate transmitter-receiver pairs at
each perimeter segment, with separate cables being employed to
couple the receiver at each segment to a central indicator station
at which the intrusion alarm indication is given when an intrusion
is sensed by any repeater. While a system of this type has the
capability of providing the desired intrusion location information,
its requirement of additional transmitters and cables makes this
system impractical from an economic viewpoint and has accordingly
greatly limited its acceptance even at facilities at which the
location of the intrusion would be highly desirable.
It is thus an object of the invention to provide an improved
intrusion alarm system in which the location of the intrusion can
be accurately, unambiguously, and reliably determined.
It is a further object of the invention to provide an intrusion
alarm and detection system requiring only a single transmitter, and
which requires no costly independent cabling for each segment of
the perimeter of the protected area.
It is another object of the invention to provide an intrusion alarm
system which is insensitive to insignificant intrusions into the
protected area, but which is highly sensitive to meaningful
intrusions therein.
The intrusion alarm system of the invention comprises a master
transmitter and a master receiver located at a selected location at
the multiple-segment perimeter of the area under surveillance and
protection. The signal from the transmitter is directed around each
segment of the guarded perimeter by means of reflectors or
repeaters located near the end of each perimeter segment. When an
intrusion occurs, such as a result of an unwarranted entry into the
protected area by a would-be vandal, the transmitted beam is
temporarily interrupted and an alarm controlled by the master
receiver is actuated to give a readily sensed indication of the
intrusion.
In accordance with the invention, the segment in which the
intrusion occurred can be positively and reliably identified. That
is, the alarm indication given by the system of the invention not
only indicates the occurrence of an unwarranted intrusion into the
protected area, but also locates the perimeter segment in which
that intrusion occurred.
The various repeaters of the system have the capability of
producing a first signal upon the receipt of the beam from the
transmitter, and a second, distinctive signal whenever it does not
receive a signal from the transmitter, or from the immediately
preceding repeater, such as when the beam is interrupted by an
unwarranted intrusion. That is, when the beam is interrupted, the
repeater located at the end of the segment in which the intrusion
occurred, transmits only an interrupted signal which is unique for
each repeater. The characteristic signal is received and redirected
to the master receiver by subsequent repeaters located about the
perimeter. The latter in turn recognizes the repeater
characteristic signal as an indication of an intrusion, and decodes
that signal to produce a signal unambiguously identifying the path
segment in which the intrusion occurred.
As herein described the repeater comprises a ramp generator which
is reset upon the receipt of a pulse signal from the master
transmitter or the immediately preceding repeater. That
uninterrupted pulse signal is also passed to the repeater
transmitter which in response produces and transmits a pulse signal
to the next repeater in the system or to the master receiver.
When no pulse signal is received by the repeater, its transmitter
is not immediately actuated. Instead, the repeater ramp generator
is not reset and the ramp voltage produced thereby is thus allowed
to rise to a detection level at which time an interrupted pulse is
generated. That pulse is thereafter applied to the repeater
transmitter to energize the latter causing an interrupted pulse to
be directed along the perimeter to the succeeding repeaters and
master receiver as described above. The detection voltages at each
repeater are preset at different levels such that the time delays
respectively introduced to the transmitted interrupted pulse with
respect to the originally transmitted pulse for each repeater upon
an interruption in the segment immediately preceding that repeater,
are successively greater.
Thus, as long as the transmitter pulse is uninterrupted in its
travel about the protected perimeter between the master transmitter
and master receiver, the ramp generators in each of the repeaters
are periodically reset, thereby preventing the ramp generators in
each of the repeaters from reaching their respective detection
levels. This, in turn, prevents the generation of a unique delayed
pulse signal by any repeater. If, however, an intrusion occurs that
interrupts the transmitted signal in any segment, the ramp
generator of the repeater located at the end of that segment
generates the delayed signal that uniquely identifies the
interrupted segment to the decoding section of the master
receiver.
To the accomplishment of the above and to such further objects as
may hereinafter appear, the present invention relates to a segment
locating intrusion alarm system substantially as defined in the
appended claims, and as described in the following specification
taken together with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the intrusion alarm system of the
invention as employed to protect a typical facility;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a repeater that may be used
in the system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of the master transmitter and
receiver that may be used in the system of FIG. 1; and
FIGS. 4a and 4b are signal timing diagrams respectively
illustrating the operation of the repeater and the master receiver
of the intrusion alarm system of FIG. 1.
This invention is directed towards an improved intrusion alarm
system for use in a multi-segment perimeter enclosed area in which
an indication of the individual segment in which the intrusion
occurs as well as the intrusion itself is positively located and
identified.
The principles of operation of the system are illustrated in FIG. 1
which illustrates, for purposes of example, the application of the
system in protecting an area enclosed by a six-segment perimeter,
it being understood that the system of the invention may be used to
equal advantage in the protection of enclosed areas having a
greater or smaller number of perimeter segments.
Thus, as shown in FIG. 1, the enclosed area A has a surrounding
perimeter consisting of six interconnected path segments S1-S6.
Located at the corner defined by the intersection of segments S1
and S6 is a master transmitter 10 and a master receiver 12, both of
which are described in greater detail below with reference to FIG.
3. Located at each other corner of area A are repeaters 14, 16, 18,
20, and 22 located respectively at the ends of segments S1-S5, each
of which includes a receiver and a transmitter as described in
greater detail below with reference to FIG. 2.
Transmitter 10 directs a beam of energy, such as a laser beam,
along segment S1 toward repeater 14. Assuming that no intrusion
occurs in any of the segments of the enclosing perimeter, that beam
is received and redirected in sequence by repeaters 14-22 and
eventually to master receiver 12. As described below, when the
transmitted beam is uninterrupted along its travel about the
enclosing perimeter, receiver 12 produces no alarm indication.
However, when an interruption or discontinuity occurs in the beam
along any path segment, such as a result of an unwarranted
intrusion into the area through that segment, the repeater located
at the end of the segment at which the intrusion occurs does not
receive a signal from the master transmitter or from the
immediately preceding repeater. The repeater located at the end of
the affected segment will in turn initiate a separate beam which is
then directed by the succeeding repeaters along the perimeter to
the master receiver. In the intrusion alarm system of the
invention, each repeater upon the failure to receive an input
signal initiates a signature signal that is unique to it. That
signature signal is received by the immediately succeeding repeater
and redirected to the master receiver which contains decoding
circuitry for decoding the received repeater signature signal, to
thereby operate an intrusion alarm and actuate a segment intrusion
indicator uniquely associated with the signature signal from the
repeater affected by the intrusion, and thus with the path segment
in which the intrusion occurred.
As illustrated in FIG. 2, each repeater includes a receiver
transducer 24 which normally, to wit, when there is no beam
interruption, receives a beam signal from either master transmitter
10 or from the immediately preceding repeater. The output of
transducer 24 is coupled to one input of an OR gate 26 as well as
to the reset terminal of a ramp generator 28. The output of gate 26
is coupled to a transmitter transducer 30, which advantageously
includes a low-cost gallium-arsenide laser, which upon receipt of a
pulse from gate 26 transmits a pulse of laser energy.
The output of ramp generator 28 is coupled to a level detection
circuit or level comparator 32 at which the output of generator 30
is compared to d.c. voltage the amplitude of which is preset by a
level adjustment indicated at 34. When the level of the ramp signal
produced by generator 28 equals that d.c. voltage level detection
circuit 32 produces an output pulse which is coupled to a pulse
shaper 36, the output of which is in turn coupled to the other
input of OR gate 26.
In operation, when a signal is received by transducer 24, it
supplies a pulse through gate 26 to laser transducer 30, the latter
in turn producing a laser pulse at a minimum delay with respect to
the received input signal. This is the normal function of the
repeater, which occurs periodically each time the repeater receives
an uninterrupted pulse at its input transducer.
The repeater shown in FIG. 2, and as employed in the intrusion
alarm system of FIG. 1, has the additional capability of producing
an output, signature pulse when no input signal is received at the
input transducer of the the repeater. To this end, ramp generator
28 is normally reset by the reset pulse obtained from transducer 24
when the latter receives an uninterrupted input pulse so that the
maximum level of the ramp signal is in this condition less than
that of the detection level. However, when no input signal is
received by the repeater input transducer, no reset signal is
supplied therefrom to ramp generator 28 so that the ramp voltage
produced by generator 28 continues to rise until it reaches the
level of the detection voltage. At this time, detection circuit 32
produces an output pulse signal which is shaped in shaper 36, and
passed through gate 26 to laser transducer 30, to cause the latter
to transmit the signature pulse uniquely associated with that
repeater.
In the system of FIG. 1, the level detection voltages applied to
the level detection circuits 32 is increasing higher for each
repeater further along the perimeter from master transmitter 10.
That is, for example, the level detection voltage at repeater 16 is
higher than that for repeater 14 but lower than that for repeater
18. As a result, the signature pulse produced upon the failure of a
repeater to receive an input pulse due to an intrusion in the
immediately preceding segment, is increasingly displaced in time
from the missing transmitted pulse for each repeater progressively
further removed from the master transmitter. As a result, each
repeater when it does not receive an input pulse, produces a unique
signature pulse which, as noted above, is received and decoded at
the master receiver to provide the desired segment intrusion
identification.
The operation of the repeaters of the system of FIG. 1 is
illustrated in FIG. 4a which illustrates the relevant signals
produced in the operation of repeater 20 located at the end of
segment S4, it being understood that each repeater in the intrusion
alarm system of FIG. 1 operates in substantially the same
manner.
As shown in FIG. 4a, the ramp voltage is reset to zero by the last
received master receiver pulse 40 and then begins to rise. If a
subsequent master pulse (indicated in the broken-line pulse 42) has
been received, that is, if there were no intrusion in segment S4,
the ramp voltage would have once again been reset and would have
the waveform indicated by the broken-line ramp signal 44.
Assuming, however, that an intrusion has occurred in segment S4,
repeater 20 receives no master transmitter pulse so that its ramp
generator is not reset and the ramp voltage 38 rises until it
reaches a level equal to the level detection voltage 46 that was
previously preset to a unique level for that particular repeater. A
comparison of the ramp and detection voltages in detection circuit
32 produces a signal which when shaped in pulse shaper 36 produces
the signature pulse 48 for that repeater.
That signature pulse as noted above is redirected to the master
receiver 12 which, along with master transmitter 10, is illustrated
schematically in FIG. 3. Master transmitter 10 includes a master
clock generator 52 which is herein shown producing pulses at a 240
pps rate. Those pulses are shaped to 1 .mu.sec pulses in a pulse
shaper 54, which supplies the shaped pulses to an 8:1 counter 56
which lowers the pulse rate to 30 pps. The output of counter 56 is
coupled to an additional 1 .mu.s pulse shaper 58, which in turn
provides a 1 .mu.s pulse at a 30 pps rate to a laser transducer 60.
The latter in response transmits a laser pulse along segment S1 to
the first repeater 14.
The output of counter 56 is also applied to a 5 .mu.s pulse shaper
62 in the master receiver 12, the output of which is coupled to an
inverting input of an interrupted pulse input gate 64 as well as to
one input of an uninterrupted pulse input gate 66. Receiver 12
receives a laser pulse from the last repeater in the repeater
chain, that is repeater 22, at a transducer 68, except when there
is an interruption of the laser signal as a result of an intrusion
in the final segment S6.
In response to the received laser signal, transducer 68 produces an
electrical pulse signal which is applied to the other inputs of
gates 64 and 66. The output of gate 64 is applied to the set
terminal of a segment selector flip-flop 70, and the output of gate
66 is applied to one input of an AND gate 72 and to one input of a
two consecutive missing pulse detector circuit 74. Circuit 74
includes a pair of cascaded J-K flip-flops 76 and 78 and an AND
gate 80 having its inputs connected to the outputs of flip-flops 76
and 78 and pulse shaper 62 as shown.
The output of circuit 74 is coupled to the set input terminal of an
intrusion alarm flip-flop 82. The reset terminals of flip-flops 70
and 82 are coupled to a manual reset switch 84. The "1" output
terminal of flip-flop 82 is coupled to an intrusion alarm 86 and to
one input of AND gates 88 and 90. The "0" output terminal of
flip-flop 82 is coupled to the other input of AND gate 72. The "0"
output terminal of flip-flop 82 is coupled to the other input of
AND gate 72 and the output of gate 72 is in turn coupled to the
reset terminal of flip-flop 70. The "1" output of flip-flop 70 is
coupled to the other input of AND gate 88 and its "0" output
terminal is coupled to the other input of AND gate 90.
The "0" output terminal of flip-flop 70 is also coupled to one
input of AND gate 92 which receives at its other input the 240 pps
shaped pulses from the master transmitter at the output of pulse
shaper 54. The output of gate 92 is applied to the count input of a
three-stage counter 94, the latter having a reset line coupled to
the output of gate 72. The outputs of counter 94 are applied to a
series of counter decoder gates 96, the outputs of which are
respectively coupled to a plurality of segment indicator lights
98-106, one such light being provided for each of the first five
segments S1-S5 of the protected perimeter, although the three-stage
counter decoder of the receiver of FIG. 3 has the capacity to
selectively operate up to eight lamps if required for a
nine-segment perimeter. In the system herein disclosed, for use in
a six-segment perimeter, only five indicator lamps need be provided
in association with the counter and decoder. The output of gate 90
is coupled to a last segment indicator light 108.
In the explanation of the operation of the master receiver of FIG.
3, it is initially assumed that no intrusion has occurred in any
segment of the protected perimeter so that there is no interruption
of the laser beam produced by transmitter 10 and redirected around
the perimeter by repeaters 14-22 to master receiver 12. In this
condition of the system, the returned laser pulse arrives at
receiver 12 within 5 .mu.s following the initial transmission of
the pulse from the transmitter. During this 5 .mu.s period, gate 66
is enabled and gate 64 is disabled by the 5 .mu.s enabling signal
produced by pulse shaper 62 and applied to respective inputs of
these gates. At all other times, until the transmission of the
following pulse from transmitter 10, the condition of gates 64 and
66 is reversed, that is, gate 64 is enabled and gate 66 is
disabled.
Thus, when a pulse is produced by transducer 68 in response to a
received laser pulse within this 5 .mu.s period, gate 66 produces
an output signal. Since flip-flop 82 and 70 are initially reset by
manual reset 84 to the "0" state, gates 72 and 92 are thus enabled
at this time -- the latter by the output of gate 66 -- so that the
240 pps master clock signals are applied to counter 94 through gate
92. Counter 94 thus receives a reset pulse from gate 72 each time
an uninterrupted pulse signal is received at transducer 68.
Gates 88 and 90 are, however, at this time in the disabled
condition since flip-flops 70 and 82 are both still in the "0"
state, so that decoder gates 96 remain disabled. Indicator lights
98-106 thus remain in an unactuated state irrespective of the state
of counter 94. Moreover, since flip-flop 82 is in the "0" state at
this time, alarm 86 also remains unactuated.
However, when the laser pulse is interrupted in any of segments
S1-S5 (the situation in which the intrusion occurs in the last
segment S6 is described in a later part of the application), the
pulse received by transducer 68 is delayed from the master
transmitter pulse signal by an amount greater than 5 .mu.s and by a
delay that is characteristic of the repeater located at the end of
the segment in which the intrusion took place for reasons set forth
above. Under this condition gate 64 becomes enabled (gate 66 is now
disabled) and provides a set signal to flip-flop 70 causing the
latter to shift to the "1" condition. Detector circuit 74, upon not
receiving two consecutive pulses from disabled gate 66, produces a
signal at the output of gate 80 which in turn sets flip-flop 82 to
the "1" condition, and thereby actuates alarm 86 to indicate that
an intrusion into the protected area has occurred.
As a result of the shift in the states of flip-flops 70 and 82
caused by the sensing of an interrupted pulse in any of segments
S1-S5, gates 72 and 92 are disabled and previously disabled gate 88
becomes enabled and thus enables decoder gates 96. Counter 94
counts clock signals until AND gate 92 becomes disabled at which
time the count in counter 94 is stopped. That count, which is
directly proportional to the relative time position of the
interrupted input laser pulse received at transducer 68, is decoded
by decoder gates 96 to produce an actuating signal for one of the
segment indicator lights 98-106 corresponding to the state of
counter 94, such that the indication provided by one of lights
98-106 positively identifies the segment in which the intrusion
indicated by alarm 86 occurred.
The operation of the master receiver when an intrusion occurs in
the protected perimeter may be better understood by the waveform
diagrams of FIG. 4b which assumes that an intrusion has occurred in
segment S4. Lines (a) and (b) of FIG. 4b respectively illustrate
the 240 pps master clock pulses and the 30 pps master transmitter
pulses, and lines (c) - (g) of FIG. 4b respectively illustrate the
signature pulses received at receiver 12 resulting from an
intrusion in segments S1-S5. As seen in line (f) of FIG. 4b , the
segment S4 signature pulse which inhibits the application of
additional count pulses to counter 94 as described above, occurs
after the counter has already received four clock pulses through
gate 92. That four pulse count is decoded to produce a signal that
actuates the No. 4 segment indicator light 104, as desired. It will
be understood that this description applies equally for an
intrusion in any of the other segments except for the last segment
S6.
When an intrusion occurs in segment S6, transducer 68 receives no
input pulses at all for at least two transmitter pulse periods.
Under this condition gates 64 and 66 are both disabled. When
flop-flop 76 of missing pulse detector circuit 74 receives two
successive signals from pulse shaper 62, while receiving no pulses
from gate 66, flip-flops 76 and 78 are both set to apply enabling
signals to gate 80. As a result upon the next pulse from pulse
shaper 62 at the input of gate 80, that gate produces an output
signal which sets flip-flop 82 to the "1" state. This, in turn,
actuates the intrusion alarm 86.
The setting of flip-flop 82 also has the effect of enabling AND
gate 90 since flip-flop 70 remains in the "0" state, to thereby
cause gate 90 to apply an actuating signal to the segment S6
indicator light 108. Thus, as with an intrusion through any one of
segments S1-S5, an intrusion into the final perimeter segment S6
produces both an alarm signal along with a positive identification
of the segment in which the intrusion occurred.
The intrusion alarm system of the invention thus provides
indications of both the presence and location of an intrusion into
a protected area in a positive, unambiguous, and highly reliable
manner. Significantly, the elements of the system are relatively
inexpensive and yet of great accuracy and reliabilility. The system
requires only a simple master transmitter and requires no separate
cabling between the several repeaters and the master receiver.
The intrusion alarm system also has the beneficial capability of
not responding to a transient, insignificant intrusion such as a
falling leaf or a bird flying through the laser beam which will
ordinarily interrupt only a single laser pulse. This is a result of
the requirement that detector circuit 74 sense the interruption of
at least two consecutive transmitter pulses before the intrusion
alarm is actuated and the decoder enabled. For a temporary beam
interruption of one transmitted segment only selector flip-flop 70
is set and the clock pulses are inhibited by gate 90. However, on
the succeeding received transmitter pulse gate 72 is enabled and
counter 94 and flip-flop 70 are both reset.
The intrusion alarm system of the invention has been herein
specifically described as employing lasers in both the master
transmitter and repeaters. However, other types of lasers as well
as other beam sources could be used to equal advantage in the
system of the invention such as, but not limited to, incoherent
optical beams, microwave beams, or acoustical beams. Moreover,
while gallium-arsenide lasers are suggested herein for use in the
system for their low-cost and their amenability to pulse coding,
other types of lasers could also be used in the system, if
desired.
In addition, while the system of the invention has been
particularly illustrated for protecting a six-segment perimeter,
the capacity of the system to protect areas having a greater number
of perimeter segments can be readily expanded merely by adding
stages to counter 56 in the master transmitter and in counter 94 in
the receiver, and increasing the master clock rate and the number
of decode gates 96. As the segment capacity of the system is
increased in this manner, it may become necessary to increase the
precision of the timing signals such as by employing crystal clocks
and crystal control timers for the master and repeater units of the
system. In addition, coding techniques, other than the one
specifically described herein, could also be utilized to locate the
segments in which an intrusion occurs.
Thus, while only a single embodiment of the invention has been
specifically described herein, it will be understood that
variations may be made therein all without departing from the
spirit and scope of the invention.
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