U.S. patent number 3,710,395 [Application Number 05/193,784] was granted by the patent office on 1973-01-16 for air distribution garment.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Army. Invention is credited to Vincent D. Lacono, Leo A. Spano.
United States Patent |
3,710,395 |
Spano , et al. |
January 16, 1973 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
AIR DISTRIBUTION GARMENT
Abstract
An air distribution garment adapted to enclose the torso of the
wearer costing of a layer of an air-permeable, stretchable,
compression-resistant, spacer fabric enclosed between layers of
stretchable, air-permeable, fabric, having air inlet openings on
said garment communicating with manifolds within the garment and
through which air is caused to flow over the back and chest
portions through the spacer fabric to remove excess heat and
moisture from the torso to maintain the body in thermal
balance.
Inventors: |
Spano; Leo A. (Cumberland,
RI), Lacono; Vincent D. (Rumford, RI) |
Assignee: |
The United States of America as
represented by the Secretary of the Army (N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
22714991 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/193,784 |
Filed: |
October 29, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
2/78.1; 2/81;
2/DIG.1; 62/259.3 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A41D
13/0025 (20130101); A41D 27/28 (20130101); Y10S
2/01 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A41D
27/00 (20060101); A41D 13/002 (20060101); A41D
27/28 (20060101); A41b 009/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;2/DIG.1,2.1A,2.1R,81,108,78 ;62/259,261 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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|
|
|
|
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1,155,985 |
|
May 1958 |
|
FR |
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564,877 |
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Jul 1957 |
|
IT |
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Primary Examiner: Schroeder; Werner H.
Claims
We claim:
1. A unitary, air distribution garment, adapted to enclose and
circulate a flow of air over the torso of the wearer, said garment
being of multi-layer construction and consisting of (1) an inner
layer of a stretchable, permeable fabric, (2) an outer layer of a
stretchable, permeable fabric, and (3) a middle layer of a
flexible, compression-resistant, spacer fabric, said spacer fabric
defining a channel for the passage of a flow of air between the
inner and outer, permeable, fabric layers, and having air inlet
means on said outer, permeable layer through which an air flow is
introduced to the interior of said multi-layer construction, and
manifold means within said garment and connected to said air inlet
means to distribute said air flow to the front and back portions
within said garment.
2. A unitary, air distribution garment according to claim 1 having
front closure means extending from the top to the bottom of said
garment and adapted to be separated to open said garment and be
joined together to close said garment.
3. A unitary, air distribution garment according to claim 2 having
a plurality of separate air inlet means and a similar number of
separate manifold means connected therewith whereby a flow of air
is uniformly distributed through the garment.
4. A unitary, air distribution garment according to claim 2 wherein
said air inlet means is adapted to be connected to an external
supply of air.
5. A unitary, air distribution garment according to claim 1 having
sleeve portions adapted to inclose the upper arms of the wearer and
leg portions adapted to inclose the thighs of the wearer.
6. A unitary, air distribution garment according to claim 5 having
front end closure means, extending from the top of said garment
down its front to the waist and then diagonally downward across the
front of each leg portion to its bottom, which may be separated to
open said garment along its front and along front of each leg
portion and rejoin closed said garment.
7. A unitary, air distribution garment according to claim 6 having
two spaced apart air inlet means located on the back of said
garment and a separate manifold means associated with each of said
air inlet means, said manifold means extending around opposite
sides of said garment to provide an air flow to the front and back
of said garment from each side of said garment.
8. A unitary, air distribution garment according to claim 7 wherein
said manifold means consists of impermeable cloth tubes opened at
each end and having spacer means therein to maintain a passage way
within said tubes to allow for the flow of air therethrough.
9. A unitary, air distribution garment according to claim 8 wherein
said manifold means is attached to and located beneath the outer
permeable layer of fabric.
10. A unitary, air distribution garment according to claim 9
wherein said air inlet means is adapted to connect with an external
supply of air.
Description
The invention described herein may be manufactured, used and
licensed by or for the Government for governmental purposes without
the payment to us of any royalty thereon.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to protective clothing, and more
particularly to a garment adapted to deliver a flow of air over a
substantial portion of the body surface of the wearer to maintain
the wearer in thermal balance.
Prolonged exposure of any individual to severe heat stress will
lead to physiological exhaustion and ultimately, if not otherwise
relieved, to death. Severe heat stress can result from exposure to
a high temperature or high humidity and while such conditions are
normally found in certain geographical locations on the earth, they
are, frequently and some times unexpectedly, encountered in certain
localized environments or microclimates. For example, the
microclimate within an impermeable protective garment, as is
normally used when in proximity to toxic or dangerous materials,
can, in very short time, attain temperatures in excess of
90.degree.F. and a relative humidity above 80 percent because of
the retention of body heat and moisture within the garment.
Temperatures generated in the vicinity of certain industrial
machines or processes are frequently so high that only short
exposure by operating personnel is permitted, resulting in a
significant loss in efficiency of such personnel. Other situations
in which severe heat loads are encountered can be found in the
inclosed spaces within certain vessels of vehicles wherein solar
rays passing through transparent coverings produces a high radiant
heat condition, or where the heat generated by equipment associated
therewith produces high internal heat loads. It is essential that
some means be provided to protect individuals from such stressful
situations and where air conditioning of the area is not feasible,
some personal form of protection must be provided. In U.S. Pat. No.
3,292,179 which issued Dec. 20, 1966 to V. D. Iacono, Jr. and L. A.
Spano, there is disclosed a special purpose garment to be used in
conjunction with a body covering that completely isolates and
protects the wearer from his environment. While such special
purpose garment is emminently suited for the purposes where
complete isolation is required, it is not appropriate where the
sole requirement is to reduce thermal stress on an individual.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an abbreviated, air-distribution system
that is worn under ordinary or special purpose clothing. This
system consists of a garment to enclose the torso, constructed of a
multi-layer material wherein a compression-resistant, stretchable,
air-permeable spacer fabric is sandwiched between two layers of
air-permeable, stretch fabric, having means associated therewith to
introduce air into the garment whereby a volume of air is caused to
pass throughout the spacer fabric to remove both body heat and
moisture. Circulation of air over the skin surface for body cooling
is assured by the greater air permeability resistance of the outer
clothing or covering.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of an air distribution garment
according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a back elevational view of the garment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a front elevational view of the spacer fabric employed in
the garment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a back elevational view of the spacer fabric of FIG.
3;
FIG. 5 is a plan view, partially cut away, of a manifold employed
in the garment of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a front elevational view of the garment of FIG. 1,
partially open; and
FIG. 7 is a front elevational view, partially cut away of a
variation of the garment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The embodiments of this invention illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 6
is a relatively loose fitting, one-piece unitary garment 10 which
is designed to be worn under regular or special purpose clothing.
As shown, the garment is adapted to enclose the torso from the neck
downwardly and also enclose or cover the upper arms with sleeve
portions 12 and the thighs of the wearer with leg portions 13. A
front closure means 11 permits easy entry into and exit from the
garment and extends from the top or the neck of the garment down to
the iliac region and then downwardly along each thigh to the bottom
of the garment. The front closure means 11 serves to releasably
hold the opposed front panels 13 and 14 and bottom flap 15 of the
garment together and is constructed of either buttons, hooks or
snap fasteners and preferably of cooperating strips of a hook and
pile fastener material which adhere when pressed together. Material
of this sort is described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,717,437, issued to G.
D. DeMestral and such material is commercially available under the
trademark Velcro.
The air distribution garment of this invention is constructed of a
multi-layer fabric material having both an inner 20 and an outer 21
layer of stretchable, air-permeable fabric and a middle or spacer
layer 22 of a spacer material. The spacer material is a
lightweight, flexible, resilient, non-absorbent, stretchable,
compression-resistant fabric, having a low air-flow resistance.
Example of a material meeting the foregoing requirements is a
fabric manufactured and sold by Uniroyal, Inc. under the trademark
"Trilock" and identified as style No. 6028-1-195. This material,
which is described in U.S. Pat. No. Re. 24,007, employs a heat
shrinkable yarn in one of the directions of the fabric which, on
shrinking, causes the fabric to buckle in a serpentine fashion
forming a three dimensional porous structure that exhibits good
resistance to compression. Properties of this spacer fabric include
a weight of 6.8 oz./yd..sup.2, 48 yarns/in. in the warp direction,
40 yarns/in. in the fill direction and a melting point of
430.degree.F. for the warp fill and 335.degree.F. for the warp
warp, and a compression-resistance such that the material recovers
90 percent of its initial thickness within 5 minutes after being
compressed by a load of 10 lbs./sq. in. for 1 minute. The inner 20
and outer 21 fabric layers are constructed from porous,
lightweight, stretchable fabrics having elastomeric yarns in both
directions of the fabric and include, for example, knitted, power
net, Lycra fabrics having a weight of 5.9 oz./sq. yd., 37 yarns/in.
in the wales and 28 yarns/in. in the courses.
Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown on the back side of the garment
a pair of quick disconnect fittings 24 which function as air inlet
means. These fittings are secured to the outer layer 21 of fabric
and communicate with and allow the passage of air from some
external source (not shown), such as an air hose, into separate air
passage ways or manifolds 25 which act as channels to conduct air
to different locations in the garment. The manifolds, as shown in
FIG. 5, are crescent-shaped channels constructed of highly
impermeable fabrics and having a spacer fabric 26 of the type
described within the channel to assure passage of a flow of air.
Air passes into the manifold through opening 28 and then out of the
manifold through openings 27 at either end. Each manifold is
fastened to the inside surface of the outer fabric layer 21 and is
so positioned that one opening 27 is located in the chest area and
the other opening 27 is located in the back area of the
garment.
To assure that the garment of this invention offers little or no
restraint to body movement, the middle spacer layer 22 is
constructed as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. Panels of stretchable fabric
30 are used in those areas where body movement would require
extensive dimensional changes which could not be accomplished by
the spacer fabric. The stretchable fabric used to connect the
spacer fabrics is any lightweight, highly elastic fabric.
To enter into the air distribution garment, the front closure 11
means is separated as shown in FIG. 6. For clarity of illustration,
only one leg portion is shown in the open unfastened position, but
it is understood that the other leg portion may be similarly
opened. After the garment is donned, the front closure means is
appropriately fastened together.
An abbreviated embodiment 40 of the invention is shown in FIG. 7
which is designed to cover the upper portion of the torso. Front
closure means 41, air inlet means (not shown), manifold means 42
and fabric construction are identical to those means described in
connection with the garment of FIGS. 1 and 2. This embodiment may
be preferred in those situations where less cooling air is required
or where other restraints preclude the use of the more extensive
garment.
Air distribution garments of this invention are preferably worn
over undergarments. It is necessary, however, that some external
covering by worn over this garment since all of the materials used
in the air distribution garment are air permeable. The external
covering should be either impermeable to air or more highly
impermeable as compared to the outer fabric garment 21 since the
greater air impermeability of the outer covering will function to
retain air and insure circulation of air over the torso
surface.
In operation, either ambient or conditioned air from some external
source, not shown, is caused to flow under pressure into the air
inlet openings. The flow of air then continues through the air
manifold exiting at either end causing the volume of incoming air
to be distributed between the back and chest regions of the wearer
from each separate manifold. After leaving the manifold, air passes
throughout the air space defined by the spacer fabric of the
garment cooling the body surface and carrying away any excess
moisture. The flow of air ultimately escapes from the air
distribution garment at the extremities thereof. In those
situations in which a completely impermeable outer covering is
employed, some valve means must be provided to allow for the
removal of the air flow.
While a preferred form of the garment of this invention has been
described, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited
to this form and that changes may be made therein without departing
from the scope of the invention which is defined in the appended
claims.
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