U.S. patent number 3,709,631 [Application Number 05/125,495] was granted by the patent office on 1973-01-09 for turbine blade seal arrangement.
Invention is credited to Wallace A. Hoftiezer, Karl W. Karstensen, James M. Koch.
United States Patent |
3,709,631 |
Karstensen , et al. |
January 9, 1973 |
TURBINE BLADE SEAL ARRANGEMENT
Abstract
A seal arrangement for a turbine assembly including a turbine
wheel, having a plurality of circumferentially arranged blades with
adjacent edges of the blades being axially arranged above passages
in the wheel assembly and retaining members arranged on each axial
side of the wheel, a seal assembly between each adjacent pair of
blades including an elongated seal member with means for
maintaining the seal member in alignment with an axial recess
formed by adjacent edges of the blade so that the seal member is
urged radially outwardly into sealing engagement with the blades
during rotation of the wheel and annular seal rings for maintaining
sealing engagement between the retaining members and the plurality
of blades.
Inventors: |
Karstensen; Karl W. (Peoria,
IL), Koch; James M. (Tremont, IL), Hoftiezer; Wallace
A. (Peoria, IL) |
Family
ID: |
22419981 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/125,495 |
Filed: |
March 18, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
416/95; 416/193A;
416/220R; 416/221 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F01D
5/22 (20130101); F01D 11/006 (20130101); F01D
11/008 (20130101); F01D 5/3007 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F01D
11/00 (20060101); F01D 5/22 (20060101); F01D
5/00 (20060101); F01D 5/30 (20060101); F01D
5/12 (20060101); F01d 005/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;416/221,190,191,220,92,96,97,95 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Powell, Jr.; Everette A.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A seal arrangement for a turbine assembly including a rotatable
turbine wheel, turbine blades having base portions secured about
the periphery of the wheel, the base portions having axially
arranged adjacent edges, axial gas passages being formed between
the adjacent edges of the base portions and the wheel, the blades
having internal passages for communicating cooling gas from the
axial passages to tip portions of the blades, a retaining member
arranged on one side of the wheel and having an annular surface
tending to engage the base portions of the blades, an annular
recess being formed between the retaining member and wheel radially
inwardly of the annular surface, the annular recess being in
communication with the axial passages, means for introducing
cooling gas into the annular recess, the seal arrangement
comprising an elongated seal assembly arranged in the axial gas
passage between each adjacent pair of blades including an elongated
seal member movably disposed in the axial passage and means for
maintaining the seal member in alignment with an axial recess
formed by adjacent edges of the base portions so that the seal
member is urged radially outwardly into sealing engagement with the
adjacent edges of the base portions during rotation of the turbine
wheel, and annular seal means arranged in the annular recess for
sealing engagement with the retaining member and the base portions
of the blades.
2. The seal arrangement of claim 1 wherein at least a portion of
the seal member is deformable for intimately conforming in sealing
relation with the base portions of the blades.
3. The seal arrangement of claim 2 wherein at least a portion of
the seal member is coated with silver.
4. The seal arrangement of claim 1 wherein the seal member is a
wire and the aligning means are members secured to the wire and
having angularly extending wing portions.
5. The seal arrangement of claim 1 wherein the elongated seal
assembly comprises an elongated seal member which in cross-section
includes winged extensions forming the aligning means.
6. A seal arrangement for a rotor assembly having a rotor wheel,
rotor blades being secured by base portions in circumferential
arrangement to the perimeter of the wheel, adjacent edges of the
base portions of the blades being axially arranged with respect to
the wheel and forming axial gas passages between the adjacent edges
of the base portions and the wheel, a retaining member being
arranged on each axial side of the wheel, the retaining members
having annular surfaces tending to engage the base portions and
annular recesses located radially inwardly of the annular surfaces,
comprising an elongated seal member movably arranged in each axial
gas passage adjacent an axially arranged recess formed by the
adjacent edges of the base portions, means for maintaining the seal
member in alignment with the axial recess so that the seal member
is urged radially outwardly into sealing engagement with the
adjacent edges of the base portions during rotation of the rotor
wheel, and
annular seal means arranged in each annular recess for respective
sealing engagement with the retaining members and the base portions
of the blades.
7. The seal arrangement of claim 6 wherein the seal aligning means
comprise members arranged radially inwardly of the seal member in
oppositely angled relation with respect to a radial plane passing
through the seal member.
8. The seal arrangement of claim 7 wherein the axial passages are
formed between peripheral portions of the wheel and surfaces of the
base portions of the blades, adjacent the axial recess the seal
aligning members being secured to the seal member and extending
radially inwardly therefrom.
9. The seal arrangement of claim 8 wherein the overall radial
dimension of the seal member and seal aligning members at least
slightly exceeds the spacing between a peripheral portion of the
wheel and surfaces of the base portions adjacent the axial
recess.
10. The seal arrangement of claim 8 wherein the seal member is
deformable at least on a portion of its surface for conforming in
sealing relation with the base portions of the blades.
11. The seal arrangement of claim 10 wherein at least a portion of
the seal member is coated with silver.
12. The seal arrangement of claim 8 wherein the seal member is a
wire and the seal aligning members are formed by winged tabs
secured to the wire.
13. The seal arrangement of claim 8 wherein the seal member and
seal aligning members are integrally formed as an elongated member
which in cross-section includes winged extensions comprising the
seal aligning members, the outer surface of the elongated member
providing for sealing engagement with the base portions of the
blades.
14. The seal arrangement of claim 6 wherein the annular seal means
comprises resilient seal rings arranged for sealing engagement with
annular grooves formed by the retaining members and the base
portions of the blades.
15. The seal arrangement of claim 6 wherein the annular seal means
comprises rigid annular rings having radially extending projections
forming seal surfaces of limited axial width for sealing
interaction respectively with one of the retaining members and the
base portions of the blades.
16. The seal arrangement of claim 15 wherein the seal surfaces of
the annular seal rings normally have smaller diameters than the
surfaces of the retaining member and base portions with which they
interact, the annular seal ring having relatively greater
coefficients of expansion so that the seal surfaces are in contact
with the retaining member and base portions under optimum operating
temperatures for the rotor assembly.
17. The seal arrangement of claim 6 wherein the rotor assembly is a
stage portion of a turbine, the blades having internal passages for
communicating cooling gas from the recesses to the blade tips.
Description
The present invention relates to a seal arrangement for rotor
assemblies where a plurality of blades are secured to a wheel.
Elongated sealing members hermetically seal axial gaps between the
blades. An annular seal ring maintains sealing engagement between
the blades and a retaining member arranged on one side of the wheel
during operation of the assembly to isolate gas passages formed
between the wheel and the blade. The combination of these two types
of seals is particularly adapted for use in turbine assemblies
where the blades include internal passages for communicating
cooling gasses from the gas passages to tip portions of the
blades.
In rotor assemblies of the type contemplates by the present
invention, it has been found difficult to maintain hermetic seals
between the wheel and blades which are replaceably secured about
the circumference of the wheel. The importance of maintaining such
seals is particularly apparent where gas passages are formed by the
wheel and the blades for communicating cooling gasses through
internal passages in the blades in order to cool the blades during
operation. Within such an arrangement, gas leakage tends to occur
through axial gaps formed between the adjacent blades as well as
through radial gaps formed between the blades of the wheel and
retaining members arranged on axial sides of the wheel.
During operation of such rotor assemblies, high speeds of rotation,
for example, 30,000 rpm or more as well as very high operating
temperatures as great as 1500.degree. F., for example, are commonly
experienced. Both of these operating characteristics tend to
prevent an effective seal from being maintained both between the
blades and along the axial sides of the blades as well.
Particularly in turbine assemblies, leakage of the cooling gases
has been found to be a factor in determining the specific fuel
consumption or pounds of fuel consumed per horsepower hour of
operation for the turbine. The specific fuel consumption can be
increased if adequate seals are provided to assure that none of the
cooling gas enters into the rotor chamber about the wheel except
through the internal passages in the blades. Although the
advantages of the present sealing arrangement have been described
above with particular reference to a turbine assembly employing
internally contained cooling gasses, it will be apparent that the
seal arrangement of the present invention is equally adaptable for
use in other rotor assemblies as well.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an
effective seal between axially arranged, adjacent edges of blade
members secured to a rotor wheel.
It is a further object of the invention to provide such a seal
wherein an elongated seal member is maintained in proper alignment
so that it tends to be urged into sealing engagement during
operation of the rotor wheel. With the elongated seal member being
arranged radially inwardly of adjacent surfaces between which it is
to provide a seal, the seal may be formed either by centrifugal
forces arising during rotation of the wheel or by internal gas
pressure, for example.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide an annular
seal means for maintaining an effective seal between the axial side
of the blade members and a retaining member arranged on one side of
the wheel.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention are made
apparent in the following description having reference to the
accompanying drawings.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary view of a first stage turbine assembly
taken along the axis of the turbine wheel;
FIG. 2 is a view taken along section line II--II of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary view taken along section line
III--III of FIG. 2 to more clearly illustrate the components of the
present seal arrangement;
FIG. 4 is a view taken along section line IV--IV of FIG. 3 to more
clearly illustrate the cross sectional configuration of an
elongated seal member of the type contemplated by the present
invention; and
FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 are similar respectively to FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 while
illustrating an alternate embodiment of the present seal
arrangement.
Referring now to the drawings, a first stage turbine providing an
exemplary environment for the present invention is illustrated in
FIG. 1 as including a rotor or turbine wheel 11 with retaining
members 12 and 13 arranged on axial sides of the wheel 11. The
member 12 is a radially extending portion of the shaft upon which
the wheel 11 is mounted while the member 13 is a spacer which
assists in supporting and aligning the wheel.
Referring also to FIG. 2, a plurality of turbine blades 14 are
circumferentially arranged about the wheel 11 and secured in place
by means of an axially arranged interlocking configuration
indicated at 16 in FIG. 2. The interlocking arrangement 16 firmly
secures the base portions 17 of the blades to the wheel 11. With
the blades so arranged upon the wheel, surfaces 18 and 19 on the
base portion of adjacent blades are arranged above axial gas
passages such as that indicated at 21 between the outer
circumference of the wheel 11 and the adjacent surfaces 18 and
19.
As noted above, the turbine assembly illustrated in the drawings is
of a type wherein the blades include a plurality of internal
passages, such as those indicated in the one blade of FIG. 2 at 22,
23, and 24, through which cooling gases are directed to reduce the
operating temperature of the blades. Cooling gases for the passages
22 - 24 are introduced through a passage 26 in the retaining member
12 and annular recesses 27 and 28 formed respectively on opposite
sides of the wheel by annular extensions 29 and 31 of the retaining
members 12 and 13. The annular recesses are in communication with
the axial passages 21 so that compressed cooling gas or air is
communicated from the inlet passage 26 through the recess 27 to the
internal passages 22 and 24 by means of the axial passages 21.
Referring particularly to FIG. 2, an axial gas passage 32 is also
formed between the wheel and the root portion of each blade base 17
for communicating the annular recesses with certain of the internal
passages such as that indicated at 23.
As may be best seen in FIG. 3, each of the retaining member
extensions 29 and 31 forms an annular surface, indicated
respectively at 33 and 34, which tends to be maintained in sealing
engagement with the axial sides of the base portion 17 of each
blade. Because of the severe operating conditions for the turbine,
including wide temperature variations and high speeds of operation,
the extensions 29 and 31 are often forced away from the wheel and
blades so that cooling gases may escape across the seal surfaces 33
and 34. For similar reasons, gas leakage also tends to occur
between the adjacent seal surfaces 18 and 19 of the blades.
The present invention provides an axially arranged, elongated seal
41 which is maintained during operation in sealing engagement
between each pair of surfaces 18 and 19. Aligning members 42 are
associated with the seal member 41 to maintain it in proper
alingment with the adjacent surfaces 18 and 19. Referring
particularly to FIGS. 3 and 4, the seal member 41 is a wire and the
aligning members 42 are V-shaped or winged tabs which are secured
to the wire, for example by welding. During rotary operation of the
wheel, such a seal assembly may be urged into sealing engagement
across the adjacent surfaces 18 and 19 with a sealing force of
approximately 4 pounds for example, when the turbine wheel is
operating at its designed speed.
Referring particularly to FIGS. 2 and 4, the surfaces 18 and 19 are
beveled as best indicated at 43 and 44 to provide an annular recess
for properly seating the sealing wire 41 across the adjacent
surfaces 18 and 19.
As best seen in FIG. 4, the aligning members 42 include portions 46
and 47 which extend angularly apart and downwardly from the seal
member 41. The sealing member or wire 41 is preferably coated with
silver (for example, 0.002 to 0.003 inches thick) so that the
surface of the wire is deformable and adapted for conforming to any
irregularities in the surfaces 43 and 44.
The aligning members 42 tend to maintain the seal members 41 in
proper alignment when the wheel is not rotating. For this purpose,
the overall radial dimension of the seal member 41 together with
the retaining members 42 is preferably somewhat greater than the
dimension between the blade portion 17 and the periphery of the
wheel adjacent the beveled surfaces 43 and 44. As the wheel 11 is
turned in rotation, the seal members or wires 41 are urged radially
outwardly so that they engage the beveled surfaces 43 and 44, thus
providing an effective seal across the adjacent surfaces 18 and
19.
Referring again particularly to FIG. 3, an annular seal ring is
also provided for maintaining an effective seal between each of the
retaining member extensions 29 and 31 with the blades 14. As
illustrated in FIG. 3, these annular seals are provided by rigid
annular rings 51 and 52. Radially extending projections or V-shaped
edges 52 and 53 on each ring serve to provide a narrow annular seal
surface for respective engagement with one of the retaining members
29 and 31 and the base portion 17 of each blade preferably, the
rings 51 and 52 are constructed of a material having a relatively
higher coefficiency of expansion. For example, the rings may be
designed so that at ambient temperatures, there is a diametrical
clearance of approximately 0.001 to 0.002 inches between the
V-shaped projections 52, 53 and the adjacent portions of the
retaining members 29, 31 and the base portions 17 of the blades.
Thus, as the turbine is brought up to its optimum operating
temperature, for example, approximately 1500.degree. F, the rings
expand somewhat faster than other portions of the assembly and
enter into intimate engagement with the retaining members 29, 31
and the base portion of the blade to achieve a tight seal during
operation of the turbine. This feature allows rotating freedom for
the turbine wheel and blade to be initially balanced and also
allows the blades to properly position themselves upon the turbine
wheel as the turbine is accelerated toward its optimum designed
speed, for example, 30,000 rpm or greater.
Another embodiment of the seal arrangement is illustrated in FIGS.
5-7. Components in those figures correspond with various components
described above with reference to FIGS. 2-4. Accordingly, similar
primed numerals are employed to indicate the corresponding
components of FIGS. 5-7. Referring to those three figures and
particularly to FIGS. 6 and 7, the elongated seal assembly is
provided by a similar elongated member 41' which incorporates both
the sealing means and the means for maintaining the member in
alignment with the adjacent surfaces 18' and 19' (see FIG. 5). As
best seen in FIG. 7, the elongated member 41' when viewed in cross
section, includes winged extensions 46' and 47' for maintaining the
member 41' in proper alignment with the annular recess formed by
the beveled surfaces 43' and 44'.
Referring particularly to FIG. 6, the annular seals are comprised
of flexible seal rings 51' and 52' arranged in annular grooves
formed by beveled surfaces 71 and 72 formed respectively by the
retaining members 29', 31' and adjacent portions of the blade bases
17'.
* * * * *