U.S. patent number 3,709,432 [Application Number 05/144,841] was granted by the patent office on 1973-01-09 for method and apparatus for aerodynamic switching.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Mead Corporation. Invention is credited to John A. Robertson.
United States Patent |
3,709,432 |
Robertson |
January 9, 1973 |
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR AERODYNAMIC SWITCHING
Abstract
Filaments of fluid are stimulated with transducers to cause them
to break up into uniformly spaced drops. The lengths of the
filaments before they break up into drops are regulated by
controlling the stimulation energy supplied by the transducers,
with high amplitude stimulation resulting in short filaments and
low amplitude stimulation resulting in long filaments. A flow of
air is generated across the paths of the fluid at a point
intermediate the ends of the long and short filaments. The air flow
affects the trajectories of the filaments before they break up into
drops more than it affects the trajectories of the drops
themselves. Therefore, by controlling the lengths of the filaments
the trajectories of the drops can be controlled, or switched, from
one path to another. In a non-contacting coating system this
provides means for directing some drops into a catcher while
allowing other drops to be applied to a receiving member.
Inventors: |
Robertson; John A.
(Chillicothe, OH) |
Assignee: |
The Mead Corporation (Dayton,
OH)
|
Family
ID: |
22510392 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/144,841 |
Filed: |
May 19, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
239/4; 118/315;
347/82; 239/102.2; 347/77 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B41J
2/09 (20130101); B41J 2/115 (20130101); B41J
2/02 (20130101); B41J 2002/031 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B41J
2/015 (20060101); B41J 2/02 (20060101); B41J
2/115 (20060101); B41J 2/09 (20060101); B41J
2/07 (20060101); B41J 2/075 (20060101); B05b
013/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;239/4,102 ;118/315
;346/75 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Knowles; Allen N.
Assistant Examiner: Love; John J.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Apparatus of the type described comprising:
a. means for projecting a filament of working fluid,
b. stimulation means for breaking the working fluid filament up
into a succession of discrete, substantially uniform sized and
spaced drops of working fluid,
c. means for generating a flow of deflecting fluid intersecting the
path of said working fluid, and
d. means for shifting the point of intersection of said working
fluid and said deflecting fluid upstream and downstream of the
point of break up of said filament into said discrete drops.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
a. said shifting means comprises means for shifting said point of
break down upstream and downstream of said point of intersection of
said working fluid and said switching fluid.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein:
a. said means for shifting said point of break up comprises means
for controlling power input to said stimulation means.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein:
a. said stimulation means comprises transducer means associated
with said filament.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
a. said deflecting fluid generating means comprises means for
generating a flow of gas across said path of said working
fluid.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein:
a. said working fluid projecting means comprises means for
projecting a filament of coating material.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 further comprising:
a. means for catching portions of said coating material deflected
by said deflecting fluid a predetermined amount.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 further comprising:
a. means for transporting a receiving member past said coating
material projecting means.
9. The apparatus of claim 7 further comprising:
a. a plurality of said coating material projecting means, and
b. said deflecting fluid generating means comprising means for
substantially simultaneously intersecting the paths of the coating
material projected by all of said coating material projecting
means.
10. A method of switching comprising:
a. projecting a filament of working fluid,
b. stimulating said working fluid to cause it to break up into a
series of discrete, substantially uniformly sized and spaced drops
of working fluid,
c. generating a flow of deflecting fluid into intersection with
said working fluid, and
d. varying the point of intersection of said working and deflecting
fluids relative to the point of break-up said filament into
discrete drops.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein:
a. said step of varying the point of intersection of said working
and deflecting fluids with respect to said point of break-up
comprises varying the length of said filament.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein:
a. said step of varying said filament length comprises controlling
the degree of stimulation of said working fluid.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
One form of noncontacting coating system, as disclosed in U.S. Pat.
No. 3,560,641, employs a coating head which includes a series of
closely spaced orifices through which filaments of coating material
are projected under pressure. The filaments tend to break up into
fine drops and the size and spacing of the drops can be closely
controlled by imposing a high frequency vibration on the coating
material supply system. An electrostatic deflecting field is
positioned downstream of the orifices, and charge rings are
positioned intermediate the orifices and the deflecting field to
selectively apply charges to the filaments at the point at which
they break up into drops. Charged drops are then deflected as they
pass through the deflecting field while uncharged drops pass
through the deflecting field without being affected thereby. By
providing means for catching either the deflected or the
nondeflected drops and controlling which drops are to be deflected,
a patterned coating, such as printing, can be applied to a
receiving member moving past the coating head.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a simplified system for switching
drops of fluid along alternate trajectories without the use of
electrostatic deflecting fields or the necessity of charging the
fluid drops. This is accomplished by applying variable amplitude
stimulation energy to the fluid filament. This causes the fluid
filament to break up into drops at a frequency equal to the
stimulation frequency but with a break off point which shifts with
changes in applied stimulation energy. A high amplitude stimulation
will result in a relatively short filament and a low amplitude
stimulation will produce a relatively long filament.
An air flow is generated across the path of the fluid at a point
intermediate the downstream ends of the long and short filaments.
It has been observed that an unbroken fluid filament is affected by
laterally blowing air to a greater extent than the trajectory of
the drops themselves. Thus by selectively applying high and low
amplitude stimulation to the fluid stream the path of the drops can
be switched between two alternate trajectories. This principle may
be applied to a single fluid filament or alternatively may be used
for switching drops from a plurality of filaments.
In a noncontacting coating system this permits some drops to be
applied to a receiving member while others are intercepted by a
catcher. The stimulation energy can be applied to the fluid by
means of a transducer driven by an amplifier capable of being
switched from low or no amplification to relatively high
amplification and controlling the amplifier in accordance with
whether or not it is desired to switch a drop along a deflected or
non-deflected path.
The air flow across the fluid path can be generated by means of a
manifold operating under either positive pressure or a vacuum. In
either case the air flow generated will affect the paths of the
filaments more than the paths of the drops and control of the drop
trajectories is thereby obtained.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing, somewhat schematically,
apparatus in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a control circuit;
FIG. 3 illustrates graphically the selective amplification of the
signals transmitted to the transducers; and
FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view showing the effect of amplitude
variation on the length of the fluid filaments.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
As seen in FIG. 1 of the drawings, apparatus in accordance with the
present invention includes a coating head 10 having a manifold 12
mounted over an orifice plate 14. A gasket 16 is interposed between
the manifold and orifice plate and an inlet conduit 18 communicates
with the interior of the manifold to supply coating material
thereto. The orifice plate 14 is provided with a series of orifices
20, including an enlarged outer portion 22 and a portion 24 of
restricted cross sectional area.
Mounted on the lower surface of the orifice plate 14,
concentrically with respect to the restricted portion 24 of the
orifices, are a series of transducers 26. Each of the transducers
26 is connected by means of lines 28 to amplifiers 30 (see FIG. 2
of the drawings). Each of the amplifiers 30 is driven by a constant
amplitude power source 32 with which they are connected by means of
the lines 34. The amplifiers 30 are preferably of the type which
will transmit the signal from the source 30 at either different
levels of amplification or transmit the signals amplified and
unamplified.
In this regard control means 36 is provided connected to the
amplifier by means of lines 38 to control the output of the
amplifiers. Thus, as seen in FIG. 3 if the amplifiers 30 are driven
by the power source 32 at a constant amplitude, as indicated at 40,
the output from the amplifiers 30 may be varied between high and
low amplification as indicated at 42 or, as noted above, between
amplified and unamplified signals, by means of the control device
36. The effect of driving the transducers 26 at different energy
inputs is indicated in FIG. 4 of the drawings. As indicated in FIG.
4, driving the transducer 26a at relatively high amplitude results
in a relatively short filament 44a, with the filament 44a breaking
up into discrete, substantially uniformly sized and spaced drops 46
at a break down point L.sub.h downstream of the orifice plate 14.
On the other hand, the transducer 26b being driven at a relatively
low amplitude results in a relatively long filament 44b which
breaks up into drops 46 at a distance L.sub.1 downstream of the
orifice plate 14.
As seen in FIG. 1 of the drawings a deflecting fluid manifold 48
having an elongated opening 50 formed in its wall is positioned
downstream of the orifice plate to generate an air flow across the
path of the liquid being projected from the orifices 24. The flow
may be generated by either pressurizing the interior of the
manifold to provide a flow of deflecting fluid away from the
manifold or by placing the interior of the manifold under vacuum to
provide a flow of deflecting fluid toward the manifold.
In either case the flow of deflecting fluid intersects the paths of
the coating material filaments or drops in the region indicated in
FIG. 4 of the drawings as L.sub.d, this being the region between
the lower end of the relatively short coating filaments 44a and the
lower ends of the relatively long coating filaments 44b. Positioned
downstream of the manifold 48 is a catcher 52 having an upstanding
sidewall 54, which together with an opposed portion of the top wall
56 defines an elongated, drop ingesting slot 58. Preferably the
interior of the catcher 52 is placed under negative pressure to
withdraw therefrom any coating material passing through the slot 58
into the interior of the catcher.
Beneath the catcher a receiving member 60 is conveyed in the
direction indicated by the arrow by any convenient means, such as
take up and feed rollers (not shown). Because the trajectory of the
filament 44b of working fluid or coating material is affected by
the flow of deflecting fluid to a greater extent than the
trajectories of the drops 46, it will be seen that by shifting the
point of intersection of the working and deflecting fluids the
drops 46 can either be directed into the catcher 52 or allowed to
pass the catcher 52 and be applied to the receiving member 60.
This accomplished in accordance with the present invention by
varying the amplitude at which the transducers 26 are driven.
Therefore, the deflecting fluid will intersect a filament of the
working fluid if it is desired to deflect the working fluid a
relatively large amount. By driving the transducers at a relatively
high amplitude the deflecting fluid intersects the path of the
drops of working fluid and consequently deflects the working fluid
a relatively small amount.
It will be seen, therefore, that the present invention provides a
system for switching drops of fluid without the necessity of
charging the drops of fluid or establishing an electrostatic
deflecting field for the deflection thereof.
While the methods herein described, and the forms of apparatus for
carrying these methods into effect, constitute preferred
embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood that the
invention is not limited to these precise methods and forms of
apparatus, and that changes may be made in either without departing
from the scope of the invention.
* * * * *