U.S. patent number 3,707,937 [Application Number 05/136,916] was granted by the patent office on 1973-01-02 for anti-pollution ballast container.
Invention is credited to Harry Liles.
United States Patent |
3,707,937 |
Liles |
January 2, 1973 |
ANTI-POLLUTION BALLAST CONTAINER
Abstract
An anti-pollution ballast container to be installed in an oil
tanker as a receptacle for clean ballast water, to be located in a
compartment of the tanker which is adapted to be filled with oil.
The container is formed of elastic material such as rubber and is
constructed for collapsing within the compartment as the latter is
filled with oil, with support rings between the folds of the
compartment wall slidable within the compartment as the container
expands or contracts. The container is adapted to be filled with
clean ballast which may be taken from the sea and pumped into the
container for ballast when the compartment is empty of oil. A
similar container may be provided in several or all of the
compartments of the tanker.
Inventors: |
Liles; Harry (Brunswick,
GA) |
Family
ID: |
22474994 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/136,916 |
Filed: |
April 23, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
114/74R; 92/42;
222/214 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B63B
11/04 (20130101); B63B 25/12 (20130101); B63B
13/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B63B
25/00 (20060101); B63B 25/12 (20060101); B63b
025/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;114/73,74R,74A,74T,75,78,68,69,121,125 ;150/.5
;220/85B,22,85A,63,72 ;222/183,206,214,215 ;92/34,40,42 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,079,634 |
|
May 1954 |
|
FR |
|
1,427,449 |
|
Dec 1965 |
|
FR |
|
809,695 |
|
Mar 1959 |
|
GB |
|
234,347 |
|
Mar 1960 |
|
AU |
|
Primary Examiner: Blix; Trygve M.
Assistant Examiner: Kazenske; E. R.
Claims
I claim:
1. A tanker comprising a hull having a compartment adapted to
receive cargo for transportation, a container within the
compartment having a surrounding wall including a plurality of fold
sections collapsible upon each other and relatively expandible upon
filling of the container, means within the container and connected
along the inner edges of the fold sections for causing collapsing
of the container in folds upon removal of the filling, and a
plurality of rings mounted in the container at the surrounding wall
in positions to aid in the folding of the sections upon collapsing
of the container.
2. A tanker according to claim 1, wherein the container has the
surrounding wall of elastic material.
3. A tanker according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of sections
are formed as pleats in the elastic wall.
4. A tanker according to claim 3 wherein the collapsing means
includes resilient rings extending along the inner edges of the
pleats and connected therewith for causing folding of the pleats
during collapsing of the container.
5. A tanker according to claim 1 wherein the rings are flat plates
on opposite sides of the fold sections for causing collapsing
thereof upon contracting of the container.
6. A tanker according to claim 1, including a cylinder surrounding
the container within the compartment for guiding the expansion and
contraction of the container, and the rings between the sections
are slidable axially of the cylinder.
7. A tanker comprising a hull having a compartment adapted to
receive fluid cargo for transportation, a container within the
compartment for holding fluid ballast, said container including a
surrounding wall of flexible material for collapsing in pleats upon
discharge of the fluid ballast therefrom, and yieldable contraction
rings extending around the inner circumference of the container
along the inner edges of the pleats and connected therewith for
contracting the pleats upon collapsing of the container.
8. A tanker according to claim 7, including guide rings between the
pleats for aiding in the folding thereof, said rings being in
slidable relation axially of the container.
9. A tanker according to claim 7, including an upright cylinder in
the compartment surrounding the container and having means of
communication from the interior of the cylinder into the
compartment.
10. A tanker according to claim 7, including means for directing a
ballast fluid to the interior of the container out of contact with
the cargo in the compartment.
Description
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
This invention relates to improvements in Anti-Pollution Ballast
Containers for tankers such as transport crude oil or other
material.
The tanker is provided with compartments which are adapted for
receiving crude oil or other fluids for transportation. When the
tanker not loaded with oil, it is necessary to carry a suitable
ballast in the compartments for proper weighting of the tanker for
transportation when empty of oil. It is has been customary
heretofore to pump sea water into the same compartments as a
ballast for the tanker and to discharge it when the tanker is to be
loaded at the refinery or other loading area.
The sea water normally is discharged into the sea or river
immediately preceding the loading of the tanker with its cargo of
crude oil or other products. The sea water pumped into an oil
compartment will collect oil entrapped therein sufficiently so as
to contaminate the sea or river at the point of discharge when the
sea water is pumped out of the tank or compartment into that sea or
river. This has caused pollution problems that are seriously
objectionable.
Attempts have been proposed heretofore to provide displaceable
containers within underwater vessels, but these have not been
suitable for the compartments of oil tankers. They have failed to
provide containers of sufficient capacity within the respective
compartments to accommodate the desired quantity of ballast fluid
and which containers were of sturdy construction, securely mounted
within the compartments and adapted for filling and emptying when
needed.
One object of the invention is to improve the construction of
containers for fluid ballast in a tanker to provide for the
introduction and discharge of ballast fluids such as sea water
without contamination or pollution of the area adjacent the point
of discharge.
Another object of the invention is to improve the construction and
mounting of a container for ballast fluid within a compartment of a
tanker to enable the same to be filled with ballast fluid such as
sea water or emptied thereof and which will collapse for
substantially full capacity of the compartment.
Still another object of the invention is to so construct a
container for anti-pollution ballast fluids which, when emptied,
will collapse by folding of the side wall thereof and which is
guided in the folding action to insure proper collapse in a minimum
of space within the compartment.
These objects may be accomplished, according to one embodiment of
the invention, by providing a container located within a
compartment of a tanker, such as an oil tanker. The container is
constructed with a surrounding wall having contraction rings
secured at intervals therearound so as to cause collapsing of the
container in folds that are guided by rings secured to the wall of
the container intermediate the folds. This allows the container to
expand when ballast fluid is pumped into the container to provide
the appropriate quantity of ballast weight within the compartment
and yet to be discharged from the tanker without the ballast fluid
being contaminated with the oil or causing pollution at the point
of discharge. The container is collapsed to a compact relation so
as to allow filling of the compartment with oil or other cargo.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
This embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying
drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a vertical section through a tanker compartment, showing
the container in place therein;
FIG. 2 is a side elevation of a conventional tanker having multiple
compartments for cargo fluid;
FIG. 3 is a horizontal section through the compartment shown in
FIG. 1 on the line 3--3 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a detail section through a portion of the container in
partly collapsed relation; and
FIG. 5 is an enlarged detail section of one of the contracting
rings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF DISCLOSURE
Referring to FIG. 2, I have shown merely as an example an oil
tanker which is designated generally by the numeral 1 and is
constructed in the usual manner, with a series of compartments
illustrated at 2, spaced throughout the major portion of the hull
of the tanker. One side wall of the hull is shown generally at 3 in
FIG. 1 as enclosing one of the compartments 2, which compartment
extends from the deck 4 to the bottom 5 of the compartment 2 and
which is spaced above the ship bottom plate 6, being separated
therefrom by bottom beams 7 in the hull. The tanker is provided
with the usual means for pumping oil or other fluid cargo into the
respective compartments in the hull, which means, being well known,
is not illustrated in detail.
Mounted within each of the compartments 2 is an upstanding
cylinder, indicated at 8, which preferably extends from the deck 4
to the bottom 5 of the compartment and is secured thereto. The
cylinder 8 is provided with perforations 9 in the wall thereof
substantially throughout its height so as to allow freedom of open
communication through the wall of this cylinder between the
interior and exterior thereof. Thus, the cylinder will be filled
with oil or other cargo fluid when the compartment is filled and
likewise will be emptied when the oil is pumped out of the
compartment.
Mounted within the cylinder 8 is a container 10. This container 10
has the body thereof constructed of elastic material substantially
throughout the height of the container, although it has a bottom
metal plate 11 secured to the bottom 5 over the main bottom ship
beams 7.
The container bottom 11 is sealed to the edge of the wide wall of
the container 10 throughout the circumference thereof. A container
top plate 12, also of metal, covers the area within the perforated
cylinder 8 over the upper end of the container 10. The top plate 12
of the container can be sealed either by extending the elastic
material throughout the area of the top plate 12 or by sealing the
edges of the surrounding elastic wall to the edges of the plate
12.
The surrounding wall of the container 10 is constructed with
contracting rings 13 secured to the elastic wall and spaced
therealong axially so as to contract the wall as accordian folds or
sections which are indicated at 14. The contracting rings 13 may be
in the form of heavy rubber bands extending around the inner
circumference of the accordian folds or section 14 and which are
employed to pull the inner folds of the container inwardly when the
container is collapsed. These rings can be reinforced, if desired,
with steel springs therein which are indicated at 15 in FIG. 5.
Metal guide rings, shown at 16, are interposed between the folds 14
and are secured at the peripheries of these guide rings to the
inner surface of the elastic container 10. The guide rings 16 are
fastened in the container at the indicated points in any suitable
manner to maintain the folds in contact with the perforated
cylinder 8 at their peripheries. Moreover, they help to fold the
container down to a collapsed condition, with their peripheries
slidable axially of the cylinder 8 into a minimum space at the
bottom of the compartment. The inner edges of the guide rings or
plates 16 are disposed so that the contraction rings 13 will pass
over these inner edges and bear directly one upon another when the
container is collapsed.
Any suitable means may be provided for filling the container. I
have illustrated a pipe 17 extending into the bottom 11 of the
container from a main supply pipe 18 having suitable pumping means,
illustrated generally at 19 (FIG. 3). A control valve is shown at
20 which may be opened and closed by a reach rod 21 extending to a
suitable point above the top deck 4, as shown in FIG. 1.
The container 10 will be completely collapsed in the bottom of the
cylinder 8 in the compartment 2 when the compartment is filled with
oil or other fluid cargo for transportation. When so collapsed, all
of the folds 14 will lie flat upon each other and upon the rings 16
that are interposed therebetween in the bottom of the cylinder 8.
The contraction rings also will lie directly one upon another over
the inner edges of the guide rings 16.
When the tanker has its cargo removed, it is desirable to fill each
of the containers 10 with a suitable ballast fluid. Sea water is
often used for this purpose and may be pumped directly through the
pipes 17 and 18 into the container 10 after removal of the cargo
fluid from the compartment 2. The sea water will cause the elastic
container 10 to expand as the clean ballast water is pumped into
the container, flattening the elastic wall against the inner face
of the perforated cylinder 8, as illustrated in the lower portion
of FIG. 1. This will continue until the desired quantity of clean
ballast water is provided in the compartment 2 or until all of the
folds have thus been expanded in the perforated cylinder. The clean
ballast water is thus confined in an elastic container out of
communication with the oil space in the compartment 2 so as not to
be contaminated with the oil.
After completion of the journey and it is then desired to take on a
load of cargo, the clean ballast water from within the container 10
can be pumped out directly into the sea or river adjacent the point
of loading without polluting the area at the loading point. As the
clean ballast water is thus pumped out of the container, the latter
will collapse in the bottom of the perforated cylinder 8 in the
manner described above.
This will provide an effective container for holding clean ballast
water within the compartment and will be maintained effectively out
of communication with the oil space so as to prevent contamination
of the clean ballast water and avoid pollution where the ballast
water is discharged into the water adjacent the point of filling.
The construction is simple and inexpensive for an effective and
secure container which will maintain the separation of the oil and
clean ballast water.
While the invention has been illustrated and described in one
embodiment, it is recognized that variations and changes may be
made therein without departing from the invention set forth in the
claims.
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