U.S. patent number 3,706,952 [Application Number 05/222,951] was granted by the patent office on 1972-12-19 for automatically resettable thermal switch.
This patent grant is currently assigned to General Electric Company. Invention is credited to Robert P. Alley.
United States Patent |
3,706,952 |
Alley |
December 19, 1972 |
AUTOMATICALLY RESETTABLE THERMAL SWITCH
Abstract
A thermal switch is provided which uses a bimetal element to
provide the force to open and close a set of contacts. The bimetal
element is initially restrained from opening the contacts by a
latch mechanism which uses an eutectic material for determining the
temperature at which the latch mechanism will release. Upon a
sufficient drop in the ambient temperature, sufficient force is
generated in the bimetal element to cause the bimetal to slip past
a shaped surface on the latch mechanism thereby resetting of the
switch.
Inventors: |
Alley; Robert P. (Danville,
IL) |
Assignee: |
General Electric Company
(N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
22834392 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/222,951 |
Filed: |
February 2, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
337/348; 337/3;
337/362; 337/13 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01H
37/60 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01H
37/00 (20060101); H01H 37/60 (20060101); H01h
037/52 () |
Field of
Search: |
;337/3,13,70,73,333,343,348,356,358,362,365,367 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,301,927 |
|
Jul 1962 |
|
FR |
|
1,211,182 |
|
Feb 1931 |
|
OE |
|
Primary Examiner: Gilheany; Bernard A.
Assistant Examiner: Grimley; A. T.
Claims
What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent
of the United States is:
1. An automatically resettable thermal switch, comprising:
a base;
a resilient member having one end mounted to said base and a free
end;
a rigid member mounted to said base and extending in juxtaposition
with said resilient member;
an eutectic material, having a predetermined phase change
temperature range, located between said resilient member and said
rigid member for normally securing said resilient member to said
rigid member; and
a bimetal member having one end mounted on said base and a free
end, a first contact mounted on said bimetal member and cooperating
with a second contact mounted in relation to said base;
said free end of said bimetal member being constrained from moving
said first contact relative to said second contact by said free end
of said resilient member until the ambient temperature reaches the
predetermined phase change temperature range of said eutectic
material.
2. An automatically resettable thermal switch as set forth in claim
1 wherein said free end of said resilient member is provided with a
shaped surface which allows said free end of said bimetal member to
slide past said free end of said resilient member in response to a
drop in ambient temperature below a predetermined temperature.
3. An automatically resettable thermal switch as recited in claim 1
wherein said alloy comprises 51.4 percent indium, 47.3 percent tin
and 1.3 percent silver.
4. An automatically resettable thermal switch, comprising:
a base;
an elongated, rigid member mounted to said base;
an elongated, resilient member mounted to said base;
said resilient member overlying said rigid member and having a free
end portion projecting beyond said rigid member;
an eutectic material, having a predetermined phase change
temperature range, positioned between said rigid member and said
resilient member for normally securing said resilient member to
said rigid member;
an elongated, bimetal member mounted to said base;
a first contact mounted to said bimetal member and cooperating with
a second contact mounted in relation to said base;
said bimetal member including a free end portion positioned in
interfering relationship with said free end portion of said
resilient member for constraining movement of said bimetal member
until the temperature of said eutectic material reaches the phase
change temperature range of said eutectic material;
said resilient member then being free to flex for allowing said
bimetal member to move past said resilient member in one
direction.
5. An automatically resettable thermal switch as set forth in claim
4 wherein said free ends of said resilient and bimetal numbers are
formed with complimentary surfaces to facilitate movement of said
bimetal member past said resilient member in the other direction.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to thermally actuated switches and more
particularly to thermal actuated switches which are automatically
reset. Thermal switches are useful or necessary as safety devices
in any appliance or apparatus which generates a considerable amount
of heat in operation. For example, thermal switches are useful in
appliances such as clothes dryers in order to prevent excessive
overheating. Thermal switches also find wide use in preventing
overheating in lamp ballasts.
It is common practice in the lamp ballast are to encase (or pot)
the components of a ballast apparatus in an encapsulating material
having suitable sound dampening characteristics and good dielectric
properties. For example, asphaltic compounds have been widely used
as a constituent of such encapsulating materials since asphaltic
compounds are relatively inexpensive and posses suitable
sound-dampening and electrical characteristics. Various resinous
materials, such as polyesters and epoxy resins, also may be used as
constituents of encapsulating materials in ballast apparatus.
Failure of components, such as a ballast capacitor or a ballast
transformer winding, is generally accompanied by the emission of
high heat. This heat is transferred to the encapsulating material
and can cause overheating of the material. Depending on the
properties of the particular materials used, the encapsulating
material may tend to smoke, burn, expand or liquefy upon
overheating. These conditions may occur singularly or in
combination. For example, when an encapsulating material containing
an asphaltic compound overheats, the asphaltic constituents tend to
liquefy and expand. Since asphaltic encapsulating materials are
usually encased, the overheated material tends to come out of the
case and may drip off the case. Encapsulating material containing
resinous constituents also may burn, smoke and drip. These
conditions are objectionable in a ballast apparatus since the
apparatus is usually placed in an overhead lamp fixture or at other
locations where the driping of the encapsulating material may
damage property.
Therefore, it is desirable to have a thermal switch which will
positively open the circuit supplying current to the ballast
apparatus upon some predetermined degree of overheating. However,
often it is not desirable to permanently remove a ballast from the
line merely because it has overheated. For example, an air
conditioning failure in a plant or factory may cause a temporary
overheating of the lamp ballast without any failure of ballast
components. In such a case, it would be desirable to have a thermal
switch which would automatically reset or reclose after the ballast
temperature has dropped to a temperature significantly lower than
the ballast temperature at which the thermal switch contacts are
opened. Likewise, it may be desirable to have a slight delay in the
opening of the thermal switch contacts and to produce a snap action
effect when a predetermined temperature sufficient to melt an alloy
is reached.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Various types of thermal switches have been known in the prior art.
An automatically resettable thermal switch using an elongated
bimetallic element and a meltable alloy has been known in the prior
art. For example, one prior art device uses a lever connected to a
disc mounted in a casing containing a meltable alloy. A contact is
mounted on the lever and motion is imparted to the lever by means
of the bimetallic element when the melting point temperature of the
alloy is reached. The lever is held in position by a spring and a
ratchet mechanism connected to the casing in which the alloy is
located. The casing for the alloy would be free to rotate in the
absence of the ratchet mechanism.
Other prior art devices utilize temperature responsive arms which
are held in position by a meltable alloy until a predetermined
temperature is reached. At that time the alloy melts and the arms
separate. Such devices normally are of the single operation type or
must be reset manually, if they are resettable at all.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Briefly stated, in accordance with one embodiment of the present
invention, a bimetallic element provides the force for operating a
set of contacts and a latch means allows the bimetallic member to
move in one direction upon the sensed temperature reaching the
melting point temperature of an eutectic material. In an
exemplification mechanism, a spring latching member is cemented to
a rigid member by means of the meltable alloy. The end of the
spring latching member is shaped, curved or slanted so as to allow
the bimetal member to move past the latching member and reclose the
contacts upon the occurrence of a sufficient drop in
temperature.
The aforementioned and other features and objects of this invention
and the manner of obtaining them will become more apparent, and the
invention itself will be better understood by reference to the
following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying
drawing, wherein:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a somewhat schematic elevation view of a thermal
responsive switch mechanism incorporating one embodiment of the
invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the acurate movement of certain members
shown in FIG. 1: and
FIG. 3 is a somewhat schematic elevation view of another switch
mechanism incorporating the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now more particularly to FIG. 1 there is shown a terminal
responsive switch mechanism including a base 10, which may be made
of any suitable, basically rigid, insulating material. The base 10
has an extension or insulating support 11 projecting therefrom. An
electrically conductive spring member 12, having a contact 13
mounted thereon, is firmly mounted through insulating support 11 in
any suitable manner well known in the art. A terminal or lead may
be connected to end 14 of spring member 12. An electrically
conductive support member 15 is mounted through insulating support
11 and is secured therein. By way of example, support 15 may be
secured in a suitable opening in support 11 by a body 16 of a
thermosetting resin or other suitable cement. Use of a
thermosetting resin provides certain advantages as will be
discussed in more detail hereinafter. A electrically conductive
bimetallic member 17 is soldered or otherwise mechanically and
electrically connected to support member 15. The term "bimetallic"
is used on its generic sense and includes any number of members
which flex substantially upon change in temperature. "Bimetal" or
"bimetallic," as used herein is intended to refer to all such
devices, even through they may not be two dissimilar metals joined
together. Bimetallic member 17 is provided with a contact 18
mounted thereon near its free or moveable end 24. A terminal or
lead may also be connected to support member 15 thereby providing
the other connection for an electric circuit, including spring
member end 14 and support member 15 which is closed when contacts
13 and 18 are in engagement.
A rigid support member 19 and a spring latch member, in the form of
a resilient arm or member 20, are also mounted through the
insulating support 11 and held firmly therein by a thermosetting
resin or other suitable cement 21, for example. A mass of eutectic
material 22, which may be a thin layer, is located between rigid
support member 19 and spring latch member 20. Spring latch member
20 has a shaped or curved surface or portion 23 which allows the
free end 24 of bimetal member 17 to slide past the free end 25 of
spring latch member 20 during the resetting operation. To this end
free end 25 is return bent so that shaped portion 23 is smoothly
curved away from the bimetal 24. Also end 24 of the bimetal is
curved upwardly, as seen in FIG. 1, so that end 24 and shaped
portion 23 are complimentary to aid the return movement of bimetal
17.
A thermosetting resin may be used advantageously in the
exemplification thermal responsive switch in mounting support
member 15, rigid member 19 and spring latch member 20 in insulating
support 11 by eliminating the need for close tolerances in the
manufacturing process. To this end the thermosetting resin may be
placed around supporting member 15, rigid member 19 and spring
latch member 20 in insulating support 11 and the whole assembly
placed in an oven with the base 10 down. The temperature of the
oven is set to be at or above the cure temperature of the
thermosetting resin while, at the same time, below the critical or
melting temperature of eutectic material 22. With this condition
the thermosetting resin will cure with contacts 13, 18 in
engagement and with free end 25 of spring latch 20 engaging free
end 24 of bimetal 17. In this manner, the thermosetting resin may
be used to compensate for any variations in dimension of the base
or other members.
The material 22 may be one of any number of suitable available
alloys which as a melting and freezing point temperature range
(phase change temperature) equal to the temperature at which it is
desired that contacts 13 and 18 open. In this regard "eutectic
material" refers to material which is capable of repeatedly
changing phase between solid and liquid as its temperature rises or
falls through its phase change temperature. The most well known of
such materials are the metal alloy solders. However, it will be
understood that other materials, such as thermoplastic resins,
having appropriate phase change temperatures could be used as the
eutectic material. In the lamp ballast field, for instance, it is
desirable to have contacts 13 and 18 separate at a temperature of
between 113.degree. and 116.degree.C. An alloy which has a melting
temperature range of 113.degree.-116.degree.C is one composed of
51.4 percent indium, 47.3 percent tin and 1.3 percent silver. This
narrow melting temperature range is of special significance in
fluorescent lamp ballasts protection since the increase in
temperature of the case upon failure of the coil may present a fire
hazard when the ballast is in close contact with wood or similar
construction materials. Since it is desirable to fix the release or
opening temperature of the switch as near as possible to the
operating temperature of the coil, the liquid state of the alloy
should occur at a temperature only slightly above the coil
operating temperature. Therefore, the temperature range between the
liquid state and the solid state of the alloy must be narrow to
prevent the loss of mechanical strength of the alloy at the
operating temperature of the ballast.
Referring now to FIG. 2, there is shown a diagram representing the
arcuate paths of certain of the members of FIG. 1. Lines
representing the parts in FIG. 2 are given the same numbers as the
corresponding parts in FIG. 1. The arcuate path 30 of bimetal
member 17 is seen to intersect arcuate path 31 of spring latch
member 20 at point 32 when there is only a slight upward
deflection. Spring support member 12 does not move very much.
However, upon reclosing of contacts 13 and 18, that is when
sufficient force is generated in bimetal members 17 by a drop in
temperature in order to enable the end 24 of bimetal member 17 to
slide past shaped surface 23 of spring latch member 20, spring
member 12 may deflect to some degree due to the momentum imparted
to contact 13 from contact 18. This deflection of spring member 12
is shown as arc 33. As may be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, there is no
problem with bimetal member 17 possibly slipping past spring
support member 12.
Referring now to FIG. 3, there is shown another thermal responsive
switch incorporating the present invention. There is shown a base
40 made of any suitable fairly rigid insulating material. The base
40 has a pair of spaced apart insulating supports 41 and 42
extending therefrom. A spring latch member 43 and a rigid member 44
are mounted in insulating support 41 by thermosetting resin or
other suitable cement 52 in a manner as described above. An
electrically conductive support member 45, having an elongated,
electrically conductive bimetallic member 46, is mounted in secured
thereto, insulating support member 42 using a thermosetting resin
or other suitable cement 47 as described above. A contact 48 is
mounted near the free end of bimetal 46. Contact 48 cooperates with
contact 49 mounted on base 40. Contact 49 may be connected to any
suitable lead or terminal as is well known in the art. A terminal
or lead may also be connected to support member 45 in order to
provide the other terminal for the switch. A body or mass 50 of
eutectic material is provided between rigid member 44 and spring
latch member 43. Upon a rise in ambient temperature sufficient to
melt the eutectic material 50, spring latch member 43 is allowed to
deflect upwards under the force of bimetal 46, opening contacts 48
and 49. A shaped, curved or slanted surface 51 is return bent on
the free end of spring latch member 43 in order to allow the curved
free end 59 of bimetal 46 to slip past the free end 53 of spring
latch member 43 in the reclosing operation.
In operation, the switches shown in FIG. 1 and 3 operate in a very
similar manner and therefore only the operation of the switch in
FIG. 1 will be described in detail. The switch, as shown in FIG. 1,
is in a closed circuit condition. As ambient temperature rises, the
free end 24 of bimetal 17 will tend to deflect in an upwards
direction but will be restrained from doing so by spring latch
member 20. As the ambient temperature continues to rise, eventually
the melting point temperature of the eutectic material 22 will be
reached. When the eutectic material 22 melts, a major portion of
the length of spring latch member 20 is freed from rigid member 19,
thereby allowing free end 25 of spring latch member 20 to deflect
in an upward direction under the force provided by bimetal 17.
Eventually, the free end 24 of bimetal 17 will slip past the free
end 25 of spring latch member 20 as shown in the diagram of FIG. 2
at point 32. As soon as the free end 24 of bimetal 17 slips past
the free end 25 of spring latch member 20, spring latch member 20
springs back to its normal position of having a substantial portion
of its length in contact with rigid member 19. Upon a subsequent
decrease in ambient temperature to a temperature below the melting
point temperature of eutectic material 22, the material 22
solidifies causing spring latch member 20 again to be structurally
united with rigid member 19. As the ambient temperature continues
to fall, a force is built up in bimetal 17 which tends to force the
free end 24 of bimetal 17 in a downward direction. The free end 24
of bimetal 17 will at this time be in contact with the shaped,
curved or slanted surface 23 of spring latch member 20. As the
force continues to build up in bimetal member 17, eventually enough
force will be created to cause bimetal member 17 to deflect thereby
allowing the free end 24 of bimetal 17 to slip past the free end 25
of spring latch member 20 reclosing the contacts 13 and 18.
While each of the illustrative thermally responsive switches shown
and described is a single pole, single throw switch, other types of
switching actions are readily available. For instance, addition of
another stationary contact above the movable contact, as viewed in
the drawing would provide a single pole, double throw action. Also,
simple rearrangement of the contacts will provide a thermally
responsive switch mechanism which closes a circuit upon the
occurence of a predetermined high temperature.
While, in accordance with the patent statutes, the presently
preferred embodiments of this invention have been shown and
described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that
various changes and modifications maybe made therein without
departing from the invention and it is intended in the appended
claims to cover all such changes and modifications as come within
the true spirit and scope of the invention.
* * * * *