U.S. patent number 3,705,283 [Application Number 05/172,176] was granted by the patent office on 1972-12-05 for microwave applicator employing a broadside slot radiator.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Varrian Associates. Invention is credited to William H. Sayer, Jr..
United States Patent |
3,705,283 |
Sayer, Jr. |
December 5, 1972 |
MICROWAVE APPLICATOR EMPLOYING A BROADSIDE SLOT RADIATOR
Abstract
A microwave applicator for treating material with microwave
energy is disclosed. The applicator includes a broadside radiator
formed by a hollow elongated waveguide having an array of resonant
slots communicating through the wall of the waveguide, such slots
being spaced apart on their centers along the axis of the guide by
one-half a guide wavelength an array of slot loading members are
disposed to project into the waveguide from alternate sides of
adjacent slots for coupling microwave energy from the waveguide
radiator through the slots in an in-phase relation to obtain a
broadside radiator. The loading members may be separately adjusted
for adjusting the energy profile coupled form the antenna to the
load.
Inventors: |
Sayer, Jr.; William H. (San
Mateo, CA) |
Assignee: |
Varrian Associates (Palo Alto,
CA)
|
Family
ID: |
22626657 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/172,176 |
Filed: |
August 16, 1971 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
|
5442 |
Jan 23, 1970 |
|
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
219/695; 219/691;
219/748 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H05B
6/708 (20130101); H01Q 21/0043 (20130101); H05B
6/788 (20130101); H05B 6/705 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01Q
21/00 (20060101); H05B 6/78 (20060101); H05b
009/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;219/10.55 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Truhe; J. V.
Assistant Examiner: Jaeger; Hugh D.
Parent Case Text
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation of parent application U.S. Ser.
No. 5,442, filed Jan. 23, 1970, now abandoned assigned to the same
assignee as the present invention.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In a microwave energy applicator for treating materials with
microwave energy, broadside radiator means disposed for radiating
microwave energy into the material to be treated, the improvement
wherein, said microwave radiator means includes a hollow elongated
waveguide structure having an array of coupling slots communicating
through the wall of said waveguide structure, said slots being
disposed in the side of said waveguide structure facing the
material to be treated, each of said slots being elongated in a
direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of said waveguide
structure, said slots being disposed along a line substantially
parallel to the longitudinal axis of said waveguide structure, said
slots being resonant at approximately the operating frequency of
the applicator, said slots being axially spaced apart along said
waveguide structure on their centers by approximately one half a
guide wavelength within said waveguide structure at the operating
frequency of the applicator, slot loading means disposed adjacent
said slots and disposed projecting into said waveguide from
alternate sides of adjacent slots for coupling microwave energy
from said waveguide through said slots in an in-phase relation to
obtain a broadside antenna radiator, and means for conveying
material to be treated through the broadside lobe of microwave
energy radiated from said radiator along a path having a
substantial component normal to the longitudinal axis of said
waveguide structure.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said conveying means
conveys the material in a direction with a substantial component
transverse to the longitudinal axis of said waveguide.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said waveguide structure
includes two portions spaced apart in the direction of movement of
the material being treated to be sequentially treated by the
broadside lobe of microwave energy radiated from each of said
spaced portions of said waveguide structure, and wherein the
centers of said slots of one of said waveguide portions are aligned
in the direction of material movement with the region between the
ends of adjacent slots in the other waveguide portion to obtain
uniform treatment of the material as conveyed through the two
broadside lobes.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 including a material to be treated and
conveyed by said conveyor means, said material comprising a
moisture laden substance having a thickness in the direction of
power flow in the radiated lobe in excess of one-tenth free space
wavelength, whereby a relatively lossy load is presented to said
radiator.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 including means for adjusting the
amount of penetration of said loading members into the interior of
said waveguide for adjusting the pattern of radiation coupled
through said slots and into the material being treated.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said loading members include
externally threaded members threadably mating with threaded holes
in the wall of said waveguide, whereby the degree of penetration of
said members into said waveguide is adjustable for adjusting the
pattern of microwave energy radiated from said slots.
Description
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
Heretofore, it has been proposed to employ a broadside antenna for
directing microwave energy into material to be treated as carried
on a conveyor belt disposed immediately adjacent the array of
radiating elements of the antenna. Such a microwave applicator is
disclosed in the Journal of Microwave Power, Vol. 2, (1967) No. 2,
of April, page 32. Use of a broadside radiator for applying
microwave energy to large sheets of material is desired because
such broadside radiators can be made relatively large for applying
energy to wide sheets of material and the electric field vector is
in-phase and uniform from one end of the antenna to the other to
obtain uniform treatment of the material being treated. However,
the problem associated with the prior art broadside applicator was
that the radiative apertures of the broadside array were defined by
short sections of rectangular waveguide directed at the material to
be treated to fix the linear polarization of the wave energy
emerging from each of the radiative elements. The individual
rectangular waveguide radiators were excited by loop coupling from
a coaxial line with the loops reversed in adjacent waveguide
radiators. This resulted in a relatively complex and expensive
broadside antenna. Furthermore, the use of a coaxial line limited
the maximum power capability to that of the coaxial line.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
The principal object of the present invention is the provision of
an improved microwave applicator for treating materials with
microwave energy.
One feature of the present invention is the provision of a
microwave applicator employing a broadside microwave radiator
comprising a section of hollow waveguide having an array of
resonant slots communicating through the wall thereof and each of
said slots including a slot loading member alternating from one
side of the slots to the other in adjacent slots for controlling
the coupling of energy through each of the slots, whereby
adjustment of the slot loading members permits control of the
energy profile radiated from the antenna and into the material to
be treated.
Another feature of the present invention is the same as the
preceding feature including the provision of two broadside antenna
portions of the aforedescribed type spaced apart in the direction
of movement of the material to be treated for sequentially treating
the material with the broadside energy lobes emanating from each of
the antenna portions and wherein the radiative slots in one antenna
are offset with respect to the other such that the center of the
slots in one portion of the array are aligned in the direction of
material movement with the region between the ends of adjacent
slots in the other waveguide portion to obtain uniform treatment of
material as conveyed through the two broadside lobes.
Another feature of the present invention is the same as any one or
more of the preceding features wherein the slot loading members
include means for adjusting their positions to adjust the energy
profile radiated from the antenna into the material to be
treated.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become
apparent upon a perusal of the following specification taken in
connection with the accompanying drawings wherein:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic transverse view of a microwave applicator
employing features of the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the structure of FIG. 1 taken along
line 2--2 in the direction of the arrows,
FIG. 3 is a view of the structure of FIG. 2 taken along line 3--3
in the direction of the arrows,
FIG. 4 is an enlarged perspective view, partly broken away, of a
portion of the structure of FIG. 3 delineated by line 4--4,
FIG. 5 is a plot of electric field intensity E versus length of a
broadside slot radiator of the present invention depicting the
energy profile immediately adjacent the radiative slots,
FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view, similar to the view of FIG. 3,
depicting an alternative embodiment of the present invention,
and
FIG. 7 is a schematic line diagram depicting the lobe pattern of
microwave power radiated from a slot radiator of the present
invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to FIGS. 1-3, there is shown a microwave applicator 1
incorporating features of the present invention. The microwave
applicator 1 includes a broadside slot radiative antenna 2 which is
excited with microwave energy derived from a microwave generator 3,
such as a klystron or magnetron, via a suitable waveguide or other
transmission line 4, which is coupled into the radiative antenna 2
via a suitable T-connection or other conventional coupling means.
The radiative antenna 2 may be center fed or fed from either end. A
sheet of material 5 to be treated is passed through the main
radiative lobe of the antenna 2 for treating the material 5 with
microwave energy. In a typical example, a sheet of material, such
as plywood, paper pulp or dielectric sheet material, to be treated
is pulled via a suitable conveying means, such as two sets of
rollers 6 and 7, through the radiative lobe of the antenna 2. The
sheet material 5 may be disposed immediately adjacent the radiative
side of the antenna 2 or it may be disposed up to several
wavelengths from the antenna 2.
Radiative antenna 2 includes a hollow section of waveguide 8 which
is preferably a rectangular waveguide but in certain instances may
be a cylindrical waveguide. An array of resonant slots 9 are
axially aligned along the axis of the waveguide 8 and each slot 9
is dimensioned to be approximately one-half of a free space
wavelength long at the operating frequency (see FIG. 4). The slots
9 are spaced on their centers by one-half a guide wavelength along
the axial direction of the waveguide 8. Slot loading members 11,
such as conductive screws, posts or the like are disposed on
alternate sides of adjacent slots 9 for coupling microwave energy
from the waveguide through the slots 9 in an in-phase relation to
obtain a broadside antenna radiator 2. Such antenna radiators of
this type are disclosed in a text titled, "Microwave Antenna Theory
and Design" edited by Samuel Silver and published by McGraw Hill in
1949, see pages 299-301.
In this type of radiator, the slot loading members 11 serve to
introduce asymmetry into the conductive currents in the waveguide 8
such that the wave energy is coupled out of successive slots in the
desired in-phase relation to obtain a broadside radiative
structure. The degree of coupling through each of the respective
slots 9 is a function of the amount of perturbation introduced into
the waveguide structure by the loading member 11. In the case of
the loading member being a screw projecting into the waveguide 8
and threaded through a hole in the waveguide, the amount of
coupling in a function of the amount of penetration of the screw 11
into the waveguide 8.
Referring now to FIG. 5, there is shown a plot of energy coupled
through the slots 9 versus length of broadside array for a
measurement taken immediately adjacent to the slots. It is seen
that the energy profile of FIG. 5 has a generally squared
sinusoidal shape reaching a maximum at the center of each of the
radiative slots 9. When treating sheets of material it may be
desirable to obtain a more uniform application of microwave energy
to the material being treated. Accordingly, the material can be
moved further away from the slots 9 in which case the ripples in
the energy profile diminish to substantially a uniform pattern at a
few wavelengths from the antenna.
However, if the material is to be passed immediately adjacent the
waveguide radiator 2, where the energy profile of a single radiator
2 is similar to that illustrated in FIG. 5, then a plurality of
staggered radiators 2 may be employed for superimposing their
sinusoidal energy profiles in a staggered relation such that the
null points of one antenna profile are superimposed upon the
maximum points of the other antenna profile to obtain a nearly
uniform total energy profile applied to the material being treated.
Such a staggered applicator system is shown in FIG. 6 wherein a
pair of broadside slot applicators 2 of the type previously
described, extend across the sheet of material 5 which is moving in
the direction of the arrow. The center of slots 9' of one of the
broadside antennas are aligned in the direction of material flow
with the web portion between the ends of adjacent slots 9 in the
other broadside antenna.
The adjustable slot loading members 11 also provide a means for
reducing the side lobe power radiated out the end portions of the
radiators 2. The side lobe power is generally much lower than the
main lobe power as indicated by the length of the power vectors
P.sub.ML and P.sub.SL, respectively. However, by decreasing the
coupling through the slots 9 near the ends of the array 2, the side
lobe power can be reduced.
In case the material to be treated is passed immediately adjacent
the slots 9, it is desirable to adjust the slot loading member 11
from the remote side of the antenna 2. In this case, as seen in
FIG. 4, loading member 11, such as a threaded screw mating with a
threaded hole in the lower wall of the waveguide 8, may be
threadably adjusted by means of a dielectric extension 12, such as
a low loss ceramic material, affixed to the screw 11 and extending
through a hole 13 in the top wall of the guide and being affixed to
a gear 14 which mates with a worm shaft 15. The worm shaft is
driven from a suitable motor, not shown, for adjusting the degree
of penetration of the screw 11 into the waveguide 8 and, thus, the
coupling through the corresponding slot 9. Each slot loading member
11 would include extension 12, gear 14 and worm 15.
Thus, use of a broadside slot radiator 2 with adjustable slot
loading member 11 has the advantage over the prior art broadside
slot radiators in that it readily permits adjustment of the energy
profile coupled into the material being treated and further allows
better control over undesired side lobe radiation. Moreover, the
energy profile may be adjusted in use for matching the radiated
energy profile to an optimum energy profile required by the
material to obtain uniform treating or drying of the material being
treated. In other words, adjustment of the loading members with
corresponding adjustment in the energy profile may be employed to
advantage for eliminating wet spots in sheets of material being
treated and for preventing overheating of dry spots in such
material.
In the case where the material being treated is disposed a few
wavelengths from the broadside antenna 2, the material treated
should present a relatively large lossy mass to the antenna 2.
Typical of such an application is the drying of moisture laden
sheet materials passing through a sheet-shaped treatment zone. In
such a case, the moisture laden material should preferably have a
thickness in excess of one-tenth free space wavelength taken in the
direction of power flow from the radiating antenna into the
material being treated, such that a relatively lossy load is
presented to the radiator.
Since many changes could be made in the above construction and many
apparently widely different embodiments of this invention could be
made without departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that
all matter contained in the above description or shown in the
accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not
in a limiting sense.
* * * * *