U.S. patent number 3,702,549 [Application Number 05/083,095] was granted by the patent office on 1972-11-14 for high security door lock.
Invention is credited to George B. Solovieff, Paul G. Solovieff, Stephen W. Solovieff.
United States Patent |
3,702,549 |
Solovieff , et al. |
November 14, 1972 |
HIGH SECURITY DOOR LOCK
Abstract
A high security-unit-type, door lock having opposite side
escutcheon plates which are drawn tightly against the opposite
faces of the door by means accessible only from the edge of the
door, so that the escutcheon plates cannot be removed when the door
is closed. The lock cylinder and plug have longitudinally-spaced,
radially-extending, tumbler pins therein, spring biased toward the
center of the lock, the plug being formed of body end sections
which are relatively rotatable for assembly at 90.degree.
incremental positions. The end plugs determine the rotational
position in which the key enters the lock whereby four lock
combinations are provided for by relative rotation between the ends
and body of the plug without changing the lengths of the tumbler
pins. The lock plug directly drives bolt-extending means
over-center as the plug rotates 90.degree. to prevent the bolt
being pushed back into the lock from the exterior thereof. In the
90.degree. , bolt-extended position of the plug, the key may be
withdrawn from the lock without rotating the plug back to its
original key-insert position. The key may enter the lock from
either side, using the same cylinder and tumbler pins, and the key
is of cylindrical shape having straight through transverse notches
milled in its outer surface spaced 90.degree. about the
circumference of the key and spaced longitudinally thereof in
accordance with the tumbler pin spacing.
Inventors: |
Solovieff; George B. (San
Clemente, CA), Solovieff; Paul G. (San Clemente, CA),
Solovieff; Stephen W. (Tustin, CA) |
Family
ID: |
22176147 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/083,095 |
Filed: |
October 22, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
70/134; 70/358;
70/370; 70/375; 70/382; 70/451; 292/139 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E05B
15/0086 (20130101); E05B 63/0017 (20130101); E05B
27/00 (20130101); Y10T 70/7729 (20150401); E05B
63/006 (20130101); Y10T 70/7684 (20150401); Y10T
70/5341 (20150401); Y10T 70/8541 (20150401); Y10T
70/7565 (20150401); E05B 19/0047 (20130101); Y10T
292/1015 (20150401); Y10T 70/7655 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
E05B
27/00 (20060101); E05B 19/00 (20060101); E05b
009/06 (); E05b 027/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;70/134,358,364A,375,382,402,403,407,443,448,450,451,461,452,156,370
;292/139,337 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
727,133 |
|
Oct 1942 |
|
DD |
|
937,563 |
|
Sep 1963 |
|
GB |
|
418,973 |
|
Mar 1947 |
|
IT |
|
817,409 |
|
Oct 1951 |
|
DT |
|
168,176 |
|
Apr 1951 |
|
OE |
|
Primary Examiner: Craig, Jr.; Albert G.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A door lock comprising:
a lock body adapted to be mounted in a door adjacent the front edge
thereof;
a lock bolt;
means mounting said lock bolt for projection and retraction
movements relative to the front edges of the lock and door;
key-controlled means for projecting and retracting said bolt;
escutcheon plates on opposite sides of said lock body and having
surfaces extending therebeyond to be engageable with the opposite
faces of the door;
positioning means between said escutcheon plates connected thereto
to hold said plates in a preselected spaced relation, and
oppositely operable to positively move said plates alternately
closer together and farther apart; and
means accessible only from the front edge of the door for operating
said positioning means to move said escutcheon plates into and out
of clamping engagement with the opposite faces of the door.
2. The lock defined in claim 1 in which said escutcheon plate
positioning and operating means comprise:
cam means movable toward the front and back of said lock body;
screw means accessible only from the front edge of the door for
moving said cam means;
two oppositely inclined sets of camming surfaces on said cam means;
and
means on said escutcheon plates engageable respectively with said
oppositely inclined cam surfaces for moving the escutcheon plates
both into and out of clamping engagement with the opposite faces of
the door upon movement of said cam means forwardly and rearwardly
of the lock.
3. The lock defined in claim 1 including:
a first front edge plate removably secured to the lock body;
openings through said first edge plate aligned with the means
accessible only from the front edge of the door to provide
manipulating access thereto, said openings being smaller than said
means to prevent removal thereof while said edge plate is in place;
and
a finish front edge plate attachable to the front edge of the door
and covering said first front edge plate to cover the openings
therethrough and the attachment means therefor.
4. The lock defined in claim 1 in which said key-controlled means
comprises:
a lock cylinder;
a cylinder plug rotatably mounted in said lock cylinder;
tumbler pin bores extending through said lock cylinder and cylinder
plug, said bores extending radially and being spaced longitudinally
of the lock cylinder and plug and in groups circumferentially
thereof at uniform angular spacings so that the bores in the
cylinder and plug align in several angularly relative positions of
said cylinder and plug;
an arm mounted on said plug to be rotated therewith;
a key insertable in said plug to rotate it;
a link pivotally interconnecting said arm and said bolt for
projecting and retracting it, the bores in said plug in the
projected position of said bolt aligning with the next angularly
adjacent group of bores in the cylinder so that the operating key
may be withdrawn from the plug in the rotated position thereof and
without returning to the initial key-inserting position;
said cylinder plug having an end section at one of said plates
mountable on the plug in different angular positions spaced apart
by increments of the uniform spacing angle between said groups of
tumbler pin bores;
and means for securing said end section to said plug in said
different angular positions;
said end section having key-indexing means thereon for receiving a
key in a preselected angular relationship with said end section,
whereby different angular relationships between said cylinder plug
and said end section produce different lock combinations equal in
number to the number of groups of bores, without changing the
individual tumbler pins within the plug.
5. The lock defined in claim 4 in which said groups are four in
number, spaced 90.degree. apart, and said plug sections may be
assembled in four different angular relationships, 90.degree.
apart, to give four different lock combinations without changing
the individual tumbler pins.
6. The lock defined in claim 4 in which:
said cylinder plug has a cylindrical keyhole therein,
said operating key for the lock has a cylindrical shank insertable
in said keyhole; and
coding grooves in said key shank cut straight through from side to
side in a series spaced longitudinally of the key in accordance
with the tumbler pin bore spacing and disposed in groups spaced
circumferentially of the shank at angular distances corresponding
to the angular spacing between the groups of tumbler pin bores so
that the coding notches will align with the tumbler pins in their
bores after the key is inserted into the keyhole.
7. A door lock comprising:
a lock body adapted to be mounted in a door adjacent the front edge
thereof;
a lock bolt;
means mounting said lock bolt for projection and retraction
movements relative to the front edges of the lock and door;
a lock cylinder;
a lock plug rotatably mounted in said lock cylinder;
means interconnecting said cylinder plug and lock bolt for movement
of the latter as the cylinder plug is rotated;
tumbler pin radial bores in said lock cylinder and cylinder plug
spaced longitudinally thereof and in groups circumferentially in
uniform angular relations, said cylinder plug having relatively
angularly shiftable end and body sections which may be assembled in
different positions angularly spaced by the uniform angular
distance between said bore groupings and equal in number to the
number of said groups:
means for securing said end section to said body section in said
different positions; and
means on said end section for admitting a key into said plug in a
preselected angular relationship with said end section, whereby to
provide different combinations equal in number to the number of
said groups by shifting the relative angular positions of the end
and body sections of the cylinder plug but without change in the
individual tumbler pins in the body section of the plug.
8. The lock defined in claim 7 in which said groups are four in
number spaced uniformly 90.degree. apart and in which the end
section is associated with the body section of the plug in four
different positions, likewise spaced 90.degree. apart, to provide
four different combinations of the lock without changing individual
tumbler pins.
9. The lock defined in claim 7 in which:
the key hole through said cylinder plug is of cylindrical shape,
and further including:
an operating key for said lock having a cylindrical shank fitting
said keyhole, and straight through grooves in its periphery spaced
longitudinally in accordance with the longitudinal spacing between
tumbler pin bores in the cylinder plug and spaced circumferentially
in groups according to the angular spacing between the groups of
the tumbler pin bores.
10. A door lock comprising:
a lock body adapted to be mounted in a door adjacent the front edge
thereof;
a lock bolt;
means mounting said lock bolt for projection and retraction
movements relative to the front edges of the lock and door;
key-controlled means for projecting and retracting said bolt;
escutcheon plates on opposite sides of said lock body and having
surfaces extending therebeyond to be engageable with the opposite
faces of the door;
a cam plate disposed between said escutcheon plates and supported
for back and forth movement toward the front and back of said lock
body, said cam plate having oppositely inclined slots therein;
a pin on each of said escutcheon plates extending into one of said
slots and engageable with the opposite side walls thereof during
back and forth motion of said cam plate, whereby said plate acts
through said pins to draw said escutcheon plates together in one
direction of movement of said cam plate and to spread said
escutcheon plates apart in the opposite direction of movement of
the cam plate; and
means accessible only from the front edge of said lock body for
moving said cam plate back and forth.
11. A door lock comprising:
a lock body adapted to be mounted in a door adjacent the front edge
thereof;
a lock bolt;
means mounting said lock bolt for projection and retraction
movements relative to the front edges of the lock and door;
key-controlled means for projecting and retracting said bolt;
escutcheon plates on opposite sides of said lock body and having
surfaces extending therebeyond to be engageable with the opposite
faces of the door;
means accessible only from the front edge of the door for moving
said escutcheon plates into and out of clamping engagement with the
opposite faces of the door;
said means for moving said escutcheon plates comprising:
a worm gear extending longitudinally of the lock and having an
operating head accessible only from the front edge of the door;
a worm wheel mounted for rotational movement only in means rigid
with one of the escutcheon plates; and
screw means rotatable by said worm gear and threaded into the other
of said escutcheon plates, whereby rotation of the worm gear
rotates said worm wheel and screw means to move said escutcheon
plates relative to each other transversely of the lock into and out
of clamping engagement with the opposite faces of the door.
12. The lock defined in claim 11 in which said worm wheel is
co-axially mounted adjacent the end of said screw means opposite to
that threaded into said other escutcheon plate and in which said
screw means and worm gear are both mounted for rotation in said one
escutcheon plate.
13. A high-security door lock mountable in a notched edge of a
door, and comprising:
a pair of escutcheon plates disposed in spaced apart relation and
having adjacent faces for engaging opposite faces of the door
around the notch therein, at east one of said escutcheon plates
having an opening therein of preselected size;
a lock cylinder having a cylinder plug rotatably mounted therein,
at least one longitudinal row of tumbler pin bores extending
radially through said cylinder and said plug, and tumbler pins in
said bores, said cylinder being disposed entirely between said
escutcheon plates with one end of said plug aligned with said
opening to receive a key therethrough, and being fixedly mounted on
one of said plates;
positioning means between said escutcheon plates connected thereto
to hold said plates in a preselected spaced relation and oppositely
operable to positively move said plates alternately closer together
and farther apart; and
means accessible only from the side of said lock that extends along
the edge of the door when the lock is mounted in the notch, for
operating said positioning means to move said escutcheon plates
into and out of clamping engagement with the opposite faces of the
door.
14. A high-security door lock as defined in claim 25 in which said
cylinder is fastened to the inner side of one of said escutcheon
plates for movement therewith toward and away from the other
escutcheon plate, and is spaced from said other plate prior to
clamping of the plates against the door.
15. A high-security door lock as defined in claim 14 in which said
cylinder plug has a coaxial end section secured to said one end of
said plug and extending rotatably through said opening, said end
section having an inner end portion larger than said opening
positioned inside and other escutcheon plate to abut against the
latter.
16. A high-security door lock as defined in claim 15 in which said
end section is secured to said cylinder plug by means of pins
parallel to the axis of said cylinder plug and extending into both
said plug and said inner end portion.
17. A high-security door lock as defined in claim 13 in which said
escutcheon plates are formed with aligned openings and said
cylinder is mounted between said plates with one end of said plug
adjacent each of said openings, and further including a separable
end section secured to each end of said plug and extending
rotatably into the adjacent opening, at least one of said end
sections having a hole therethrough for admitting a key into said
plug.
18. A high-security door lock as defined in claim 17 in which each
of said end sections has an enlarged inner end portion larger than
the adjacent escutcheon plate hole and disposed inside the
escutcheon plate to block removal of the end section through the
hole.
19. A high-security door lock as defined in claim 18 in which said
end sections are secured to the ends of said plug by means of pins
parallel to the axis of the plug.
20. A high-security door lock mountable in a notched edge of a
door, and comprising:
a pair of spaced, side-by-side escutcheon plates having adjacent
faces for engaging opposite faces of the door around the notch
therein, said escutcheon plates being imperforate except for a pair
of aligned openings through the plates;
a lock cylinder disposed entirely between said plates and having a
cylinder plug rotatably mounted therein, the ends of said plug
being aligned with said openings and said cylinder being fixedly
mounted on one of said escutcheon plates;
means lying entirely between said plates holding the latter
together in a unit and selectively operable to draw the plates
together and to move them farther apart;
and means accessible only from the side of said lock that extends
along the edge of the door when the lock is mounted in the notch,
for operating said holding means to move the plates into and out of
clamping engagement with the opposite faces of the door.
21. A high-security door lock as defined in claim 20 further
including a pair of detachable end sections coaxially mounted on
the opposite ends of said cylinder plug and extending rotatably
into said openings, at least one of said end sections having a
passage therethrough for admitting a key into said cylinder
plug.
22. A high-security door lock as defined in claim 20 in which the
last-mentioned means include at least one screw actuator having a
head adjacent said side of said lock and extending inwardly to said
holding means.
23. A high-security door lock as defined in claim 22 in which said
holding means are located approximately midway between said side
and the opposite side of the lock, to clamp said escutcheon plates
centrally against a door.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to the field of high security door locks
using a key to both project and retract a locking bolt.
Key-operated door locks date back into antiquity with the
manufacturer attempting to provide security against picking and
other disabling of the locking mechanism. The present invention
provides a high security lock of the unit-type having novel
desirable features.
Clamping a collar against the face of a door, while pivoted to a
lock housing, by the tapered end of a retainer screw where the lock
is of the mortise-type, is shown in the U.S. Pat. to Forbes, et
al., No. 3,455,129. Clamping of opposite escutcheon plates against
the opposite faces of the door in a unit-type lock, specifically by
camming or worm, gear and screw clamping means, provides structural
and functional advantages thereover.
The use of a sectional lock plug bearing tumber pins spaced at
uniform angles about its periphery and having end sections
angularly rotatable relative thereto in the same angular
increments, with the end sections limiting the rotational position
of the key, provides different combinations and key changes without
change in the location or lengths of the tumbler pins. This is
believed to be basically new in applicants' lock construction.
The use of a cylindrical shank key is shown in the patents to
Schreiber, et al., U.S. Pat. No, 3,167,943 and Schreiber, U.S. Pat.
No. 3,348,392, but these use concave spherical depressions rather
than the straight-through milled slots of the key of the lock of
this invention.
The use of a pivoted link between a roll-back arm oscillated by an
ordinary knob spindle and the tail of a bolt, is shown in the Pat.
to Hurd, U.S. Pat. No. 1,687,248. However, this fails to suggest
the link connection between the bolt and an arm on the cylinder
plug of the lock of this invention, which is rotated over-center by
an angular rotation of the plug so that the bolt cannot be pushed
back into the lock from the exterior. Also, the prior art fails to
show a positive bolt connection for projection and retraction, with
the key removable from the plug while it is rotated angularly from
its initial position; that is, it is unnecessary and undesirable to
return the plug to its initial key-inserted position before the key
can be withdrawn.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The door lock of the present invention provides a pleasing
appearance and a rugged construction having high security features.
The lock is of the unit-type inserted into a door opening extending
between the opposite side faces of the door and to the free edge
thereof. The lock carries opposite escutcheon plates which are
drawn tightly against the opposite side faces of the door adjacent
the edge thereof to close the lock opening and to hold the lock in
the opening by the frictional engagement of the escutcheon plates
with the door faces. The escutcheon plates are both drawn against
the adjacent door faces by cammed clamping means or by worm, gear
and screw clamping means which may be used together or
alternatively adjacent the top and bottom of the lock.
The cammed clamping means may comprise a cam plate having
oppositely inclined slots engaging pins rigid with the opposite
escutcheon plates, with the can plate screw-adjusted longitudinally
of the lock from the edge of the door to move the escutcheon plates
transversely of the lock toward their adjacent door faces. In the
worm, gear and screw clamping means, a worm accessible from the
edge of the door rotates a worm wheel integral with a screw which
is threaded into one escutcheon plate with the worm wheel held
against transverse movement relative to the other escutcheon plate.
Rotation of the worm from the edge of the door thus draws the two
escutcheon plates toward each other and against their adjacent door
faces. These alternative clamping means may be used together on the
same lock or each may be paired with another of like kind on the
same lock.
The escutcheon plate moving screws and worms above described are
held against axial movement out of the lock by a working face plate
mounted against the lock at the edge face thereof and having
openings through which the screw and worm may be turned, but which
openings are too small to permit passage of the worm and screw
therethrough. A final edge face plate is mounted on the door edge
in front of the working face plate to more securely hold the lock
within the door edge opening and also to obscure the access means
to the escutcheon plates. When the door is closed, the door edge is
hidden and removal or loosening of the opposite side escutcheon
plates is prevented.
The cylinder plug of the lock is preferably made with a main body
and an end or end sections which may be assembled in angularly
displaced positions, to be indexed in angular increments of, for
example, 90.degree.. The tumbler pins are likewise located in the
plug in groups at 90.degree. intervals, about its periphery and the
end section or sections of the plug determine the angular position
the key assumes when it is inserted therein. This construction
permits four separate combinations and key shapes to be available
by relative rotational assembly of the plug sections without
changing the coding of the tumbler pins within the body section of
the plug.
The cylinder plug is connected to the bolt by a pivoted link
mounted to an arm rotatable with the plug. The construction places
the link and arm over-center against a stop when the plug is
rotated through the angular tumbler pin spacing, in the example
90.degree., and in this position the bolt cannot be pushed back
into the lock from the exterior thereof. Indexing means is provided
for releasably holding the plug in its bolt-retracted and
bolt-extended positions, and with the tumbler pins similarly spaced
angularly in the plug, the key may be withdrawn from the lock with
the cylinder plug rotated to its bolt-extended position without
requiring that the plug be rotated back into its original
key-insert position. Likewise, to withdraw the bolt the key is
inserted into the cylinder plug when it is in its rotated,
bolt-extended position and rotation back to the original key-insert
position of the plug will always withdraw the bolt because of its
positive, link connection to the plug-rotated arm.
The key for operating the lock of this invention is preferably of
sturdy cylindrical stock and has coding notches therein for
engaging the tumbler pins, the notches being milled or cut straight
across from side to side and spaced circumferentially about the
shank of the key in conformance with the angular spacing of the
tumbler pins in the cylinder plug. The key notches are likewise
spaced longitudinally of the key shank in conformance with the
longitudinal spacing of the tumbler pins in the cylinder plug.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the door lock of the present
invention and its cooperating jamb;
FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view through the lock of FIG. 1,
with certain parts shown in elevation;
FIG. 3 is a front elevational view of the lock of FIG. 1 with the
edge face plates removed;
FIG. 4 is a bottom plan view of the door lock of this
invention;
FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the door lock of this invention;
FIG. 6 is a transverse sectional view through the lock cylinder and
plug with a key in place;
FIG. 7 is a sectional view through the lock cylinder and plug on
the line 7--7 of FIG. 6.
FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of the lock showing the plug
sections; and
FIG. 9 is an elevational view of a plug end section.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 1 shows a door fitted with a high security lock according to
the present invention and a door jamb with a cooperating socket.
The door 11 has opposite faces 12 and 13 and an edge 14. The lock
is located in a cut-out opening or pocket extending from the edge
14 and including the opposite side faces 12 and 13, so there is no
wood surrounding the lock proper and it is of what is known as a
unit-type. The lock comprises opposite escutcheon plates 15 and 16
which are tightly drawn against the opposite faces 12 and 13 to
mount and hold the lock within the door. The lock includes a bolt
17 which extends through a finish edge plate 18 into and out of a
socket 19 in the door jamb 21, which has an edge face plate 22
screwed thereto and provided with an opening in front of the socket
19 to receive the bolt 17. The plate 22 is held in the jamb 21 by
wood screws 23 and the lock finish plate 18 is held, inset into
edge 14 of the door, by means of screws 24.
Extending through the escutcheon plate 15 is the end 25 of a lock
cylinder plug which has a key indexing notch 26 communicating with
a central cylindrical keyhole therein to determine the angular
relationship of the inserted key to the plug end 25. If a
double-ended cylinder plug is used, a similar arrangement will
appear on the other side of the door extending through the opposite
escutcheon plate 16.
Referring more particularly to FIGS. 2 and 5, escutcheon plates 15
and 16 have opposed interiorly projecting lugs 27 and 28 above
which is mounted for rectilinear movement, a cam plate 29 having an
internally threaded forward boss 31 receiving a screw 32 which
passes freely through an axial opening 33 in a transversely
extending projection 34 adjacent the front of the escutcheon plate
15. The head 35 of the screw 32 is received in a clearance pocket
in the front face of the projection 34, where it is retained by a
holding plate 36 mounted against the front face of the projection
34 by screws 40. The holding plate 36 has an opening 37
therethrough in alignment with the screw 32 but smaller than the
head 35, so that it holds the screw against axial movement relative
to the projection 34 while permitting access of a tool to the head
35 to effect turning of the screw. Turning of the screw 32, which
is threaded into the boss 31, will thereby effect rectilinear
movement of the cam plate 29 longitudinally of the lock. The cam
plate has oppositely inclined slots 38 and 39 therein, which
respectively receive pins 41 and 42 rigidly mounted in the lugs 27
and 28, which are integral with the escutcheon plates 15 and
16.
As the cam plate 29 moves longitudinally of the lock, the pins 41
and 42 in the slots 38 and 39 will be moved toward or away from
each other according to the direction of movement of the cam plate.
In FIG. 5, the central arrow indicates movement of the cam plate
toward the front of the lock, in which case the slots converge
relative to the pins 41 and 42 which are thereby moved toward each
other as indicated by the transverse arrows in FIG. 5. This action
forces the escutcheon plates 15 and 16 toward each other into
rigid, frictional engagement with the opposite faces 12 and 13,
respectively, of the door, thereby securely holding the lock
mechanism within the door. The top of FIG. 2 and FIG. 5 illustrate
but one form of escutcheon plate moving means, it being understood
that rotation of the screw 32 in the opposite direction to that of
FIG. 5 will move the cam plate 29 back and separate the escutcheon
plates 15 and 16 from the door faces for removal of the lock. Thus,
the lock can be removed from the door only from the edge 14 thereof
and neither escutcheon plate can be loosened nor removed when the
door is closed.
In the bottom of FIG. 2 and in the bottom plan view of FIG. 4 is
shown another method of moving the escutcheon plates into and out
of clamping engagement with the door faces. It will be understood
that in the same lock, the separate operating means illustrated at
the top and bottom of FIG. 2 may be used, as therein shown.
Alternatively, operating means of the same type can be used at both
the top and bottom of the lock. The operating means of FIG. 4
comprises a long shank worm 43 having a head 44 in a pocket in the
front face of the projection 34 in which it is held by the plate 36
in the same manner as the head 35 of screw 32. The worm 43 is
freely rotatable within the opening 45 in the projection 34, and
its interior end is threaded at 46 to mesh with a worm wheel 47
integral with a screw 48 threaded into a boss 49 projecting
inwardly of the escutcheon plate 16. The screw 48 is prevented from
moving axially within the projection 34, so that rotation of the
worm 43 will rotate the worm wheel 47, thereby rotating screw 48
and moving the boss 49 and escutcheon plate 16 transversely
relative to the escutcheon plate 15.
The plate 36 has an opening 51 (FIG. 2) therethrough aligned with
the worm 43 and smaller than its head to prevent withdrawal of the
worm 43 while the plate 36 is in place but permitting a tool to
enter the opening 51 and engage the head 44 to turn the worm 43. As
the worm 43 turns in one direction, the escutcheon plates 15 and 16
move toward each other into rigid clamping engagement with the
opposite faces of the door to hold the lock in place. Again, the
screw 43 may be rotated to loosen the escutcheon plates 15 and 16
only from the front edge of the door and after the finish plate 18
has been removed.
When the lock is in place in the door, the finish plate 18 is inset
into the front edge 14 in front of the holding plate 36 to finish
the front of the lock, the wood screws 24 extending through both
plates 18 and 36. These plates have suitable openings therethrough
of a size to closely embrace the lock bolt 17. The inside face of
the projection 34 has a rectangular recess 52 (FIG. 3) therein
which receives the bolt 17 for sliding movement longitudinally of
the lock, and the recess 52 is closed to hold the bolt 17 therein
by a side plate 53 (FIG. 5) secured to the projection 34 by a screw
54.
A lock cylinder 55 is bolted to the inner face of the escutcheon
plate 15 by studs 56 and has a cylinder plug 57 extending
therethrough and having opposite end sections 25 and 25A extending,
respectively, through the escutcheon plates 15 and 16 in the
double-sided version of the lock. In the single-sided version, the
end section 25 of the lock may be omitted and the escutcheon plate
15 made imperforate whereby access by the key into the lock can be
had only through end section 25A and the escutcheon plate 16.
The lock cylinder 55, as shown more clearly in FIG. 8, has a
relatively large, generally circular portion 58, by which it is
connected to the escutcheon plate 15, and four longitudinally and
radially extending wing sections 59 - 62, four in number and spaced
circumferentially of the lock cylinder spaced 90.degree. apart. The
interior ends of the wing portions 59 - 62 are interconnected by
part cylindrical portions 63 which are integral with them and with
the circular portion 58. In the circular portion 58 and the wing
sections 59 - 62 of the lock cylinder, there are disposed groups of
a plurality, here illustrated as five, radially extending and
longitudinally spaced tumbler pin bores 66, in which are
reciprocally mounted top outer, generally cup-shaped tumbler pins
67 having biasing 68 therein which bear against outer retaining
strips 69 to bias the outer pins toward the center of the lock
cylinder. The retaining strips 69 have dove-tail connections with
the outer ends of the wings 59 - 62, so that only sliding movement
axially of the lock cylinder is permitted to remove the retaining
strips when the lock is disassembled. The bores 66 are spaced
axially of the lock cylinder, that is, transversely of the lock
proper, and they are mounted in groups which are spaced angularly
about the lock cylinder, as illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8, a uniform
90.degree..
The cylinder plug 57 is mounted coaxially within the lock cylinder
55, fitting its inner cylindrical surface 64 which, adjacent the
tumbler pin bores, provides shear lines at 65 between the inner and
outer pins forming the lock tumblers. In the double-sided entry
lock form of FIG. 6, the cylinder plug comprises a center body
section 71 and opposite end sections 25 and 25A. The end section 25
has the key indexing notch 26 previously recited, and the end
section 25A has a key indexing notch 26A. The body section 71 of
the plug has a plurality of radially extending and axially spaced
bores 72 therethrough which align with the bores 66 in the lock
cylinder, the bores 72 being also spaced circumferentially at
90.degree. intervals, as shown more particularly in FIG. 7. Within
the bores 72 are the inner tumbler pins 73 having spherically
rounded internal ends 74 cooperating with the key notches. The
outer ends of the inner tumbler pins 73 may be made slightly curved
or spherical where they engage the flat bottoms of the outer
tumbler pins 67. It will be apparent from an inspection of FIGS. 6
and 7 that when the junctions of the outer and inner tumbler pins
are all at the shear line 65, being moved thereto by the
configuration of the coding notches on the key 75, the lock plug
may be rotated within the lock cylinder by the key.
The circular portion 58 of the lock cylinder is provided with an
indexing ball 76 (FIG. 7) biased toward the center of the lock
cylinder by a spring 77 retained by a screw 78. The figures
illustrate the lock in the bolt-retracted position, and in that
position the ball 76 is indexed into a spherical depression 79 in
the outer surface of the plug body section 71. A second spherical
indexing depression 81 in the peripheral surface of the plug body
section 71 is located angularly spaced 90.degree. from the
depression 79 and indexes with the ball 76 when the cylinder plug
is in bolt-extended position, thereby insuring alignment of the
lock cylinder bores 66 with the cylinder plug bores 72 so that the
key 75 may be withdrawn from the rotated plug, the tumbler pins
passing freely past the shear line 65 as the key is withdrawn and
its coding grooves and hills move the different length inner
tumbler pins 73 within the bores.
A bolt-operating arm 82 is keyed by an integral central portion 83
(see FIG. 6) onto the center section 71 of the cylinder plug and is
held thereon by a split ring 84 against movement axially of the
plug. This also locates that end of the center section 71 of the
plug relative to the adjacent end of the lock cylinder 55. The
opposite end of the center section 71 of the cylinder plug is
located relative to the opposite end of the lock cylinder 55 by a
split ring 85. The free end of the arm 82 carries a spacer 86
toward the center plane of the lock and lock cylinder where a link
87 is pivotally mounted, being held thereon by split ring 88. The
opposite end of the link 87 (see FIG. 2) is pivotally mounted to
the sliding bolt 17 and 89, the link 87 extending into a slot 91
running vertically across the back of the bolt and within which the
link extends for swinging movement from the full line position of
FIG. 2, with the bolt retracted, to the dotted line position
thereof, with the bolt extended.
The end sections 25 and 25A of the cylinder plug are interlocked
with the center section 71 for relative rotation and reassembly in
90.degree. angular increments. The illustrated means for
accomplishing this are a pair of pins 92 secured at the opposite
ends of the center section 71 of the plug to enter cooperating
blind holes 93 (see FIGS. 6 and 8) in the inner faces of the end
sections 25 and 25A. There are four holes 93 spaced 90.degree.
apart so that the ends 25 and 25A have four different positions for
assembly on the center section 71 spaced 90.degree. apart. The
location of the pins 92 and the holes 93 is such that when the end
sections 25 and 25A are assembled on the center section 71, the
indexing notches 26 and 26A will be aligned with a group or row of
holes 72 in the cylinder plug which receive the tumbler pins. These
four positions mean that four separate codings or combinations of
the lock cylinder and plug may be secured by effecting relative
rotation of the end and center sections, without changing the
locations or lengths of the inner tumber pins 73. It will be noted
that all of the outer tumbler pins 67 have the same length for
standardization, while the inner tumbler pins vary in length to
establish the lock combination.
Where the same key is to be used from opposite sides of the lock,
it will, of course, be understood that the tumbler pins must be
symmetrical in their lengths from each side toward the center of
the lock, which somewhat cuts down on the attainable combinations.
On the other hand, if the lock is entered from a single side or
with a different key from each side, the possible combinations
increase enormously since the opposite side tumbler pins may in
that case be unique.
The keyhole in the cylinder plug is substantially cylindrical, as
shown more particularly in FIG. 7, and the key 75 has an initially
cylindrical shank 94 with an integral flat operator 95 having an
integral projection 96 indexing in the notches 26 and 26A. The
shank 94 is provided with a plurality of grooves 97 which are
spaced apart longitudinally of the shank in conformance with the
spacing between the tumbler pin bores 72, so that the ends of the
inner tumbler pins will engage in the slots 97 in the inserted
position of the key 75, as shown more particularly in FIG. 6. With
the proper coded depths of the grooves 97 in the key 75, the
tumbler pins assume positions where the junctions between the outer
and inner pins are all at the shear line 65 of the cylinder, so
that the plug may be turned therein.
The grooves 97 are provided on four sides of the shank of the key,
spaced 90.degree. apart around the circumference in accordance with
the spacing shown in FIG. 7 for the groups of tumbler pin bores 66
and 72. In this arrangement, with the key properly inserted so as
to index projection 96 with the notch 26 or 26A, a series of
grooves 97 will be presented to each of the four groups of inner
tumbler pins 73, again as shown in FIG. 7.
For ease of insertion of the key 75 into the keyhole, the end
thereof may be generally pointed at 98 and provided with inclined
notches 99, one aligned with each group of inner tumbler pins. The
ends of the bottom tumbler pins successively enter the notches 99
to be moved outwardly by the key and also to guide the key so that
it is indexed in its initial insertion with each series of grooves
97 aligned with a group of inner tumbler pins 73. A subsidiary
feature of the invention lies in the formation of the grooves 97
which are cut or milled straight through, transversely of the shank
94 of the key 75, and are more easily and accurately formed than
drilled depressions which receive the ends of the inner tumbler
pins.
In mounting the lock of the present invention in the door 11, a
rectangular pocket is cut in the front edge of the door which is
entirely open at both the opposite faces of the door and at the
front edge thereof. The front edge of the door is then inset so as
to receive the plates 36 and 18 with the latter flush with the edge
surface. The escutcheon plates 15 and 16 are separated wider than
the thickness of the door by manipulating the screw 32 and the worm
43 and the main body of the lock is inserted from the front into
the rectangular pocket, with the side escutcheon plates 15 and 16
slightly spaced from the side faces 12 and 13 of the door. The lock
is inserted until the plate 36 thereon seats against the front face
of its inset recess and the screw 32 and the worm 43 are rotated
through the openings 37 and 51 to draw the escutcheon plates 15 and
16 tightly against the opposite faces 12 and 13, respectively, of
the door, thereby tightly securing the lock within the door, a
condition from which it can be loosened only by access to the edge
of the door which is hidden when the door is closed.
As the screw 32 is rotated through opening 37 to draw the cam plate
29 toward the front of the lock, pins 41 and 42 slide down the
slots 38 and 39 and are drawn together, as indicated by the small
arrows in FIG. 5, thus pulling the adjacent portions of the
escutcheon plates 15 and 16 tightly against the side faces of the
door. If it is desired to remove the lock at any time, reverse
rotation of the screw 32 will move the cam plate in the opposite
direction to separate the pins 41 and 42 and loosen the escutcheon
plates from their tight engagement with the faces of the door. As
the worm 43 is turned by engagement through the opening 51, the
threaded portion 46 rotates the worm wheel 47 clockwise, as viewed
in FIG. 2, whereupon the screw 48 draws the boss 49 toward worm
wheel 47, thereby pulling the escutcheon plates 15 and 16 tightly
together against the opposite faces 12 and 13 of the door.
As previously pointed out, the lock can be made with the different
escutcheon plate moving means, as shown in FIG. 2, or it can be
constructed with cam plates 29 both at the top and bottom of the
lock or with worm and wheel operation of the escutcheon plates at
both the top and bottom of the lock. Variations on these two
methods will be readily apparent from a knowledge of mechanical
movements, the essential feature being that access to the
manipulating means is secured only from the front edge of the door
which is hidden when the door is closed. Therefore, the escutcheon
plates and lock cannot be loosened nor removed unless the door is
open.
When the escutcheon plates 15 and 16 have been tightened against
the side faces of the door to tightly hold the lock in position,
the finish plate 18 is placed in front of the working plate 36 and
held there by the wood screws 24, with the plate 18 thereby
covering the screws 40 and the openings 37 and 51.
The lock may be mounted in the door to permit entrance of an
operating key from either side in the manner illustrated in FIG. 6.
Conversely, the end section 25 may be closed to have no keyhole
therethrough or it may be entirely omitted or made integral with
the center plug section 71, and, entrance may be had only through
plug end section 25A. In the case of key entrance from both sides,
the inner tumbler pins 73 may be symmetrical from the opposite
sides toward the center so that the same key may be used from
either side to operate the lock. On the other hand, still with
entrance to the keyhole from both sides, the inner tumbler pins can
be made asymmetrical with respect to the opposite sides whereby
different keys will be required to operate the lock from different
sides. The arrangement, therefore, readily lends itself to a number
of variations of cylinder plug construction and key operation.
With the tumbler pin bores 66 and 72 uniformly distributed in
groups around the circumference of the lock cylinder, as
illustrated in FIG. 7 four groups spaced 90.degree. apart, and with
the cylinder plug formed in sections which are similarly relatively
positionable through the same angular distance as the spacing
between the groups of tumbler pins, in the illustrated case
90.degree., and with the angular position of the key indexed with
respect to the cylinder plug end sections, as by the projection 96
and the notches 26 and 26A, separate combinations or codings of the
lock equal in number to the number of groups of tumbler pins, in
the instant case, four, may be provided in the lock without
changing the individual tumbler pins. The center and end section or
sections of the plug are angularly offset to align the notch 26 or
26A, or both of them, with different groups of the tumbler pins,
whereupon a different key will be required to operate the lock for
each such angular offset of the plug sections, since the tumbler
pins in each group are unique. Therefore, in the illustrated
embodiment, four separate and distinct combinations of the lock
requiring four different keys are coded by relative rotation and
reassembly of the cylinder plug sections through 90.degree.
increments, as illustrated, by cooperation of the pins 92 with
different sets of holes 93. This is accomplished without changing
the locations or lengths of any of the individual inner tumbler
pins 73 in the center section of the plug.
In operating the lock, the key 75 is pushed into the keyhole until
the projection 96 is stopped at the end of its indexing notch, such
as 26A. At this time, the ball 76 is in the depression 79 so that
the plug 57 is indexed with the bores 72 aligned with the cylinder
bores 66. In its unseated position, the grooves 97 on the key will
be aligned with the bores 72 to receive the ends of the inner
tumbler pins 73. If the depths of the key grooves correspond to the
lengths of the inner tumbler pins 73, the junctions between the
outer and inner tumbler pins will occur at the shear line 65 of the
cylinder, as illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7, so that the cylinder
plug may be turned in the cylinder. As the plug is turned,
counter-clockwise as viewed in FIGS. 2 and 7, the operating arm 82
rotates therewith and, through the pivoted link 87, drives the lock
bolt 17 to its projected position, shown in dotted lines in FIG.
2.
In this position, the cylinder plug will have rotated through a
full 90.degree. and the depression 81 receives the ball 76 to index
the bores 72 in alignment with bores 66 spaced 90.degree. from the
original groups with which they were aligned. The key 75 may,
therefore, be withdrawn from the keyhole in this 90.degree. rotated
position with the bolt extended and without returning the plug to
its original position, since the tumbler pins may pass freely
through the shear line of the cylinder. In this full 90.degree.
rotation of the cylinder plug, the pivotal connection between the
link 87 and the arm 82 moves over-center, as shown in dotted lines,
so that the bolt 17 cannot be pushed back into the lock from the
exterior thereof, the arm 82 being prevented from further rotation
in the same direction by its engagement with a stop lug 101 on a
fixed part in the lock, such as on the projection 34.
To retract the bolt, the key is reinserted in the keyhole in the
position spaced 90.degree. from its originally inserted position
and is then rotated back in a clockwise direction, as shown in FIG.
2, whereupon the arm 82 rotates back to its initial position,
pulling the link 87 and the bolt 17 therewith into the full line
position of FIG. 2. The depression 79 again receives the ball 76 to
index the cylinder plug with its tumbler bores 72 aligned with the
bores 66 in their original positions, and the key may be withdrawn,
the inner tumbler pins 73 again freely moving through the shear
line of the cylinder.
While certain preferred embodiments of the invention have been
specifically illustrated and described, it will be understood that
the invention is not limited thereto as many variations will be
apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is to be
given its broadest interpretation within the terms of the following
claims.
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