U.S. patent number 3,702,093 [Application Number 05/130,627] was granted by the patent office on 1972-11-07 for construction of concrete road with expansion joints.
This patent grant is currently assigned to S. A. Bekaert-Cockerill. Invention is credited to Guido Van de Loock, Roeland Van Overbeke.
United States Patent |
3,702,093 |
Van de Loock , et
al. |
November 7, 1972 |
CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE ROAD WITH EXPANSION JOINTS
Abstract
A support apparatus for constructing a concrete road with
expansion joints includes a plurality of like-oriented
parallel-spaced inverted U-shaped cross members and at least one
pair of support members connecting together the cross members with
one of the support members being connected to each of the legs at
an intermediate point on one side of the cross members and the
other of the support members being connected to each of the
opposite legs at an intermediate point on the opposite side of the
cross members. In constructing a concrete road with expansion
joints the support apparatus is first placed on a roadbed in
general alignment with the desired location of a particular
expansion joint, self-oiling dowel bars are secured adjacent the
cross members with the dowel bars resting on the support members
and being aligned generally with the longitudinal axis of the road,
the concrete is poured for finishing the road, and a groove is then
cut in the upper portion of the concrete, prior to the time when
the concrete commences to shrink, to a depth sufficient to sever
the central elements connecting the legs of the inverted U-shaped
cross members but not to a depth sufficient to contact the dowel
bars.
Inventors: |
Van de Loock; Guido (Hemiksem,
BE), Van Overbeke; Roeland (Hemiksem, BE) |
Assignee: |
S. A. Bekaert-Cockerill
(Hemisken, BE)
|
Family
ID: |
19809747 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/130,627 |
Filed: |
April 2, 1971 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
Current U.S.
Class: |
404/62; 404/74;
404/70 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E01C
11/14 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E01C
11/14 (20060101); E01C 11/02 (20060101); E01c
007/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;94/8,17,18,22 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Byers, Jr.; Nile C.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method for constructing a concrete road with expansion joints
which comprises
placing a support apparatus on a roadbed in general alignment with
the desired location of an expansion joint prior to pouring
concrete for finishing the concrete road,
said support apparatus including a plurality of substantially
parallel-spaced inverted generally U-shaped cross members, each of
said U-shaped cross members including a first leg on one side, a
second leg on the other side and a central element connecting said
legs and being generally oriented in the same direction as the
others of said cross members, and a pair of substantially
parallel-spaced support members disposed substantially
perpendicular to the planes of said U-shaped cross members and
connecting together said cross members, one of said support members
being connected to each of said first legs at a point intermediate
the ends of said first legs and the other of said support members
being connected to said second legs at a point intermediate the
ends of said second legs,
said support members being aligned generally parallel with the
desired expansion joint with one support member being disposed on
one side and the other support member being disposed on the other
side thereof,
securing a self-oiling dowel bar adjacent essentially each U-shaped
cross member, said dowel bars resting on said support members and
being aligned generally with the longitudinal axis of said
road,
pouring concrete for finishing said road to a depth exceeding the
height of said support apparatus, and
cutting a groove in the upper portion of said concrete prior to the
time when said concrete commences substantial shrinking to a depth
sufficient to sever the central elements connecting said legs of
said cross members but not to an extent to contact said dowel
bars.
2. The invention of claim 1 wherein each of said legs at its other
end has an arm connected thereto disposed substantially parallel to
said central element and extending in a direction outwardly from
said central element.
3. The invention of claim 2 including a second pair of
substantially parallel-spaced support members disposed
substantially perpendicular to the planes of said U-shaped cross
members and connecting together said cross members, one of said
second pair of support members being connected to each of the arms
on one side of the cross members and the other of said second pair
of support members being connected to each of the arms on the other
side of the cross members.
4. The invention of claim 1 in which the dimensions of the
construction are selected on the following basis:
1/4 A < H + D < 3/4 A < A - B < C
wherein:
A = the depth of the final concrete layer
H = the height at which the lower edge of the dowel bars are
supported above the roadbed
D = the diameter of the dowel bars
B = the depth of the groove
C = the height of the central elements of the cross members above
the roadbed.
5. In a concrete road having expansion joints, the improvement
which comprises
a support apparatus placed on a roadbed in general alignment with
the location of each expansion joint and embedded in said concrete
road
said support apparatus including a plurality of substantially
parallel-spaced inverted generally U-shaped cross members, each of
said U-shaped cross members including a first leg on one side, a
second leg on the other side and a central element connecting said
legs and being generally oriented in the same direction as the
others of said cross members, and a pair of substantially
parallel-spaced support members disposed substantially
perpendicular to the planes of said U-shaped cross members and
connecting together said cross members, one of said support members
being connected to each of said first legs at a point intermediate
the ends of said first legs and the other of said support members
being connected to said second legs at a point intermediate the
ends of said second legs,
said support members being aligned generally parallel with the
expansion joint with one support member being disposed on one side
and the other support member being disposed on the other side
thereof,
a plurality of self-oiling dowel bars secured adjacent essentially
each U-shaped cross member, said dowel bars resting on said support
members and being aligned generally with the longitudinal axis of
said road, and
a groove cut in the upper portion of said concrete road to a depth
sufficient to sever the central elements connecting said legs of
said cross members but not to an extent to contact said dowel
bars.
6. The invention of claim 5 wherein each of said legs at its other
end has an arm connected thereto disposed substantially parallel to
said central element and extending in a direction outwardly from
said central element.
7. The invention of claim 6 including a second pair of
substantially parallel-spaced support members disposed
substantially perpendicular to the planes of said U-shaped cross
members and connecting together said cross members, one of said
second pair of support members being connected to each of the arms
on one side of the cross members and the other of said second pair
of support members being connected to each of the arms on the other
side of the cross members.
8. The invention of claim 5 in which the dimensions of the concrete
road are selected on the following basis:
1/4 A < H + D < 3/4 A < A - B < C
wherein:
A = the depth of the concrete layer
H = the height at which the lower edge of the dowel bars are
supported above the roadbed
D = the diameter of the dowel bars
B = the depth of the groove
C = the height of the central elements of the cross members above
the roadbed.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for
constructing a concrete road with expansion joints and to the
concrete road so produced.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The basic method for constructing a concrete road with expansion
joints is well-known. Generally self-oiling steel pins or dowel
bars, with the aid of supporting elements, are set up parallel to
each other and to the longitudinal axis of the road within the
space into which the concrete is to be poured and along a line on
which the planned expansion joint is to be formed. After the final
layer of concrete his been poured and before shrinking of the
concrete commences, a groove of sufficient width and depth is made
in the upper part of the concrete layer so that when the concrete
shrinks during the hardening process, the expansion joint will
originate by cracking at the required place corresponding to the
aforesaid groove. The pins or dowel bars which are disposed at
predetermined positions at certain distances from each other in the
concrete sections prevent a mutual sagging of adjacent concrete
sections of the road. The pins are made self-oiling by coating them
with an oil film or similar material such as a bituminous painting
compound.
Heretofore the steel pins or dowel bars have been supported by
several techniques. In one of these prior art techniques the pins
are embedded in a narrow concrete strip with wooden shutterings and
aligned with the position of the desired expansion joint. When the
concrete of this strip is sufficiently hard the wooden shutterings
are taken away and the adjoining part of the concrete road is
poured using vibrators for compacting and spreading the concrete.
This particular technique has several disadvantages. For example,
the placement and removal of the shutterings requires a
considerable amount of labor. Also, the hardening time required for
the concrete strips hinders the general progress of the
construction operations. In addition, the connection between the
concrete strips and the subsequently poured concrete is often
faulty. Further, the concrete strips interfere with the passage of
the vibrating needles of the concrete pouring machine.
In another technique of supporting the steel pins or dowel bars, a
support or wire cradle which consists of wires welded together is
placed along each side of the place where an expansion joint is to
be formed. Thereafter, the pins or dowel bars are placed in the
required positions and at the required distances from each other
above the wire supports. Both supports must be precisely fixed on
the under-layer of the concrete road. A serious disadvantage of
this particular technique is that two wire baskets must be used for
each expansion joint and in addition their placement involves a
considerable amount of time-consuming and precise work.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The support apparatus employed in the present invention for
constructing a concrete road having expansion joints includes a
plurality of like-oriented substantially parallel-spaced inverted
generally U-shaped cross members and at least one pair of
substantially parallel-spaced support members disposed
substantially perpendicular to the planes of the U-shaped cross
members and connecting together the cross members, wherein one of
the support members is connected at a point intermediate the ends
of each of the legs on one side of the cross members and the other
support member is connected at a point intermediate the ends of
each of the legs on the other side of the cross members. The method
of the present invention for constructing a concrete road with
expansion joints includes the steps of placing the aforementioned
support apparatus on a roadbed in general alignment with the
desired location of the expansion joints, prior to pouring concrete
for finishing the concrete road, securing self-oiling dowel bars
adjacent the cross members with the dowel bars resting on the
support members and being aligned generally with the longitudinal
axis of the road, pouring concrete for finishing the road to a
depth exceeding the height of the support apparatus, and cutting a
groove in the upper portion of the concrete prior to the time when
the concrete commences to shrink to a depth sufficient to sever the
central elements connecting the legs of the cross members but not
to a sufficient depth to contact the dowel bars.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a simpler, less
expensive and faster method for constructing concrete roads having
expansion joints.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a
concrete road with expansion joints which is less susceptible to
undesired formation of cracks.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become
apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with
the accompanying drawing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side-elevational view of a preferred embodiment of a
support section of the present invention with its corresponding
dowel bar;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a section
of a support apparatus of the present invention and corresponding
dowel bars;
FIG. 3 is a partial cross section of a concrete road at the
location of an expansion joint embodying a modification of the
support apparatus of FIGS. 1 and 2.
FIG. 4 is a schematic top plan view of FIG. 3, but shown on a
reduced scale; and
FIG. 5 is a transverse cross section of FIG. 3, but shown on a
reduced scale, taken along the line of the expansion joint.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Apparatus for constructing a concrete road in accordance with the
present invention, including an expansion joint 1 and an
under-layer or roadbed 2, is illustrated in the drawings (see FIG.
3). The support apparatus 3 of the present invention includes a
plurality of inverted generally U-shaped cross elements 4 which are
welded together with a pair of longitudinal support members 5 and a
pair of longitudinal support members 6. Each U-shaped cross element
4 includes a central or middle part or element 7 and two legs 8
connected at one of their ends to central element 7. The legs 8 are
tapered slightly outwardly from top to bottom. Each of the legs 8
at its other end is connected to an arm 9 disposed substantially
parallel to the central element 7 and extending in a direction
outwardly from central element 7.
The two longitudinal support members 5 reinforce the arms 9 which
are attached to the legs 8. The support members 5 are disposed
horizontal and parallel to each other substantially perpendicular
to the planes of the cross members 4. One of the support members 5
is connected to each of the arms 9 on one side of support apparatus
3 and the other support member 5 is connected to each of the arms 9
on the opposite side of support apparatus 3. The support members 5
may be welded to the undersides of arms 9 as illustrated in FIG. 1
and 2, or to the upper sides as illustrated in FIG. 3.
The other pair of elongated support members 6 are affixed
horizontally and parallel to each other at an equal distance under
the central element 7. The horizontal support members 6 serve to
support the steel pins or dowel bars 10. The pair of support
members 6 are disposed substantially perpendicular to the planes of
the U-shaped cross members 4 with one of the support members 6
being connected to each of the legs 8 on one side of support
apparatus 3 at a point intermediate the ends of the legs 8 and the
other of the pair of the support members 6 being connected to the
legs 8 on the opposite side of the support apparatus 3 at a point
intermediate the ends of these legs 8. The support apparatus 3 thus
includes a plurality of substantially parallel-spaced cross members
4 which are each generally oriented in the same direction as the
others of the cross members 4. The cross elements 4 constructed in
this way facilitate a quick and stable placing of the support
apparatus 3 on the under-layer 2 of the concrete road.
In carefully selecting the spacing between the U-shaped cross
members 4 of support apparatus 3, it is possible to automatically
obtain a constructionally exact placing of the pins or dowel bars
10. The pins or dowel bars 10 can easily and quickly be affixed or
secured on the support apparatus 3 by resting them in the corners
between the cross members 4 and the longitudinal support members 6
and can be fixed in an adjustable manner in these corners, for
example, by means of binding wire. The dowel bars 10 are normally
pre-coated with an oil or grease coating. The longitudinal support
members 6 are affixed at a predetermined distance below the central
element 7 so as to provide a sufficient spacing between central
element 7 and the top of the dowel bars 10 to accomplish the
purposes of the present invention as will be described hereinafter
in further detail.
In carrying out the method of the present invention, the support
apparatus 3 is first placed on the under-layer or roadbed 2 in
general alignment with the desired location of the expansion joint
to be formed, prior to pouring the concrete for finishing the
concrete road. The elongated support members 6 are aligned
generally parallel with the desired expansion joint 1, with one
support member 6 being disposed on one side of the planned
expansion joint 1 and the other support member 6 being disposed on
the other side of the planned expansion joint 1. The pins or dowel
bars 10 are then placed adjacent to each cross member 4 with each
dowel bar resting on the support members 6 and being generally
aligned with the longitudinal axis of the road.
After securing the dowel bars 10 to the support apparatus 3, as
above described, the concrete is poured over the under-layer or
roadbed 2 to the desired height, which as indicated in the drawings
is represented by the reference letter A. After the concrete has
been poured, but before the shrinking of the concrete commences, a
groove 11 of sufficient width and depth B is made or cut into the
concrete in the upper layer of the concrete above the middle, or
approximately, the middle of the pins or dowel bars 10. In making
the groove 11, central element 7 of support apparatus 3 is
transversely severed or cut. In this way when the shrinking of the
concrete occurs during its hardening process, the required
expansion joint 1 originates along the line where support apparatus
3 with pins or dowel bars 10 has been placed. Although it will be
understood that the support apparatus of the present invention may
include more than one pair of longitudinal support members, i.e.,
other than the pair of support members 6, and that the cross
section of cross members 4 may be varied, it is an essential
feature of the present invention that in making the groove 11, the
support apparatus 3 be longitudinally severed along the transverse
axis of the central elements 7 of the cross members 4.
In constructing a concrete road in accordance with the present
invention the following design considerations will be followed.
When the total height of the support apparatus 3 is C and the
diameter of the pins 10 is equal to D and when these pins 10 are
supported by longitudinal support members 6 affixed at height H,
then the condition is
H + D < A - B < C < A.
On account of structural considerations, such as the need to obtain
a satisfactory relationship between the maximum depth A - (H + D)
in which the vibrators can enter into the concrete and the
thickness A of the concrete layer on the one hand and the groove 11
depth B on the other hand the following conditions are
preferred:
1/4 A < H + D <3/4 A < A - B < C < A.
More particularly, the following values are preferred in practice
for a concrete road surface having, for example, a thickness A of
23cm.
Support height C = 19cm Supporting height of pin H = 11cm Pin
diameter D = 2.5cm Pin length = 60cm Diameter of cross element wire
= 6mm Diameter of longitudinal wires = 5mm Distance between the
pins (FIG. 1) = 30cm Thickness of under-layer (2) = 7cm Length
central part (7) = 24cm Length end (9) of cross element = 10cm
Width underside of cross element = 49cm Depth B of groove (11) =
5cm Width of groove (11) = 8cm
As will be appreciated from the foregoing description and the
accompanying drawings, the present invention offers a number of
advantages over prior art designs. More particularly, use of the
present invention increases the speed of construction since only
one support must be arranged in place for each expansion joint. A
further advantage of the present invention is a substantial savings
in construction materials. Thus, in the case of the present
invention there is approximately a fifty percent savings in support
material required as compared with prior art techniques which
utilize two wire baskets. The present invention also permits the
concrete pouring machine with its vibrating needles to pass without
interference over each row of pins to a greater degree than in the
case of certain prior art techniques. Further, in the case of the
present invention, after the central portions 7 of the cross
members 4 are cut or severed, the two support structures reinforce
the concrete against undesired crack formation at the corresponding
ends of the two respective sections. The present structure also
provides connections between the adjacent concrete sections through
pins 10 permitting longitudinal shifting of the two adjacent
concrete sections while preventing mutual sagging of adjacent
concrete sections of the road. In addition the design of the
present invention provides an absolutely accurate and simple
technique for fixing the pins in the support angles formed by the
cross members 4 and the longitudinal support members 6.
The support apparatus 3 as shown in the figures may be stacked and
very easily transported in a compact form. For example, if the
transporting of the support apparatus of the present invention in
stacked arrangement is a major consideration, the longitudinal
support members 6 may be welded to the U-shaped cross members 4 on
the interior side of the U, as contrasted with the design shown in
the figures in which the support members 6 are welded on the
exterior surface of the U-shaped cross members 4. Also, to
facilitate the stacking characteristics of the support apparatus,
spot welds may be made at a higher pressure than normal so that the
wires at the cross over points are compressed completely into one
another and so that the spot weld is not thicker than the wire
diameter.
Inasmuch as the present invention is subject to many modifications,
variations and changes in detail, it is intended that all matter
contained in the foregoing description or shown in the accompanying
drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting
sense.
* * * * *