U.S. patent number 3,701,895 [Application Number 05/158,280] was granted by the patent office on 1972-10-31 for combined lighting and ventilating fixture.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Thomas Industries. Invention is credited to Donald Arthur Sweetser.
United States Patent |
3,701,895 |
|
October 31, 1972 |
COMBINED LIGHTING AND VENTILATING FIXTURE
Abstract
A luminaire having a housing for mounting in the plenum area
above a ceiling and including a reflector supported generally
within the housing for reflecting light from a light source
supported therein. The housing and reflector establish primary and
secondary air flow paths for removing heat from the light source
and from ballast means and related electrical components supported
by the housing.
Inventors: |
Donald Arthur Sweetser (Sparta,
TN) |
Assignee: |
Thomas Industries (Inc.,
Louisville)
|
Family
ID: |
22567406 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/158,280 |
Filed: |
June 30, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
362/264;
454/294 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F21V
29/505 (20150115); F21V 33/0088 (20130101); F21V
29/83 (20150115); F21S 8/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F21V
29/00 (20060101); F21V 33/00 (20060101); F21V
29/02 (20060101); F21S 8/02 (20060101); F21s ();
F21v 029/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;240/9A,78,47,2V
;98/40DL |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Samuel S. Matthews
Assistant Examiner: Richard L. Moses
Attorney, Agent or Firm: John A. Dienner et al.
Claims
1. A luminaire for a ceiling comprising, in combination, a housing
including a casing supported therein and having inclined opposed
walls, a light reflector supported within said casing having
inclined opposed walls spaced generally parallel to the inclined
walls of the casing and defining a narrow air passage therebetween
and about the reflector, said air passage and interior of the
reflector being vented through the top of the housing, means for
supporting a lighting lamp within the interior of the reflector,
said housing also supporting heat creating electrical components
which are related to the lighting lamp, said components being
located outside of said casing, and the inclined walls of the
reflector having spaced openings adjacent the lower larger end
thereof for admittance of air to said passage from the reflector
interior, air entering the luminaire through the lower larger end
of the reflector thereby flowing upwardly in separate paths on both
sides of the inclined reflector wall and venting through the top of
the luminaire housing in order to remove heat created by the
related electrical components as heat
2. The luminaire of claim 1 including means communicating with the
top of the housing to effect an air pressure differential
therebetween and a space below the housing to establish air flow
upwardly through the housing in said separate paths along both
sides of the inclined reflector wall.
3. The luminaire of claim 2 wherein said means to effect an air
pressure differential includes negative pressure producing means
supported by the luminaire housing in communication with said air
passage and interior of
4. The luminaire of claim 1 wherein the interior of the reflector
is vented by openings adjacent the upper end of the reflector and
above the lighting
5. The luminaire of claim 1 wherein the interior of the reflector
is vented by spaced openings adjacent the upper end of the inclined
reflector wall and the venting of the air passage through the top
of the luminaire
6. The luminaire of claim 1 wherein lens means underlie the lower
larger end of the reflector and means are provided at the periphery
thereof for admittance of air into the interior of the reflector
immediately adjacent the lower end of the reflector inclined wall
and below the spaced openings therein which admit air to the
passage between the inclined walls of the
7. The luminaire of claim 1 wherein a metallic vapor lamp is
supported within the reflector and the heat creating electrical
components include ballast means in the circuit of said lamp.
Description
The present invention relates generally to lighting and ventilating
fixtures of the recessed type, and more particularly to a novel
lighting and ventilating fixture which establishes air flow
upwardly through separate paths to effect cooling of the light
source, ballast and capacitor means, and other related electrical
components.
Lighting fixtures of the "recessed" type are generally known and
extensively used. Such fixtures conventionally employ a housing
adapted to be supported within the plenum area above a ceiling, and
have a light reflector supported within the housing to reflect
light downwardly from a light source to the space below the fixture
through a lens or other suitable light control device supported
generally adjacent the lower edge of the housing. In the case of
fluorescent and metallic vapor lamps, the housing additionally
supports ballast, capacitor means, and other related electrical
components which are connected in the lamp circuit. Both the
ballast and the light source create substantial amounts of heat
energy which must be removed to maintain optimum operating
temperatures and thus high operating efficiency. Recent advances in
lighting fixture designs have incorporated means whereby air from
the room space disposed below a lighting fixture is caused to move
upwardly through the lighting fixture whereupon it is conveyed to
an air recirculating temperature control device or to an exhaust
area removed from the room. An example of a lighting and
ventilating fixture of the aforedescribed type is disclosed in U.
S. Pat. No. 3,010,378, dated Nov. 28, 1961, and assigned to the
assignee of the present invention. While the lighting and
ventilating fixture of the referenced patent has proven to be
adequate for its intended use, the present invention provides a
more simplified construction which includes means for establishing
air flow upwardly through two separate air paths to more
efficiently remove heat created by the light source, the ballast
and capacitor means, and related electrical components.
One of the primary objects of the present invention is to provide a
novel lighting and ventilating fixture for mounting within the
plenum area above a ceiling, and which effects removal of air from
the room below the fixture and causes the air to move upwardly
through a plurality of air passages to remove heat from the light
source, the ballast, the capacitor and other related electrical
components supported within the fixture housing.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a lighting
and ventilating fixture which includes housing and light reflector
means, the light reflector means having air passage openings
selectively positioned therein to establish primary air flow
passage means interiorly of the reflector, and the light reflector
and housing cooperating to establish secondary air flow passage
means therebetween.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a lighting
and ventilating fixture as described which may be readily adapted
to effect upward passage of air through the fixture by means of
convection or by means of negative pressure established by suction
means.
In carrying out the objects and advantages of the present
invention, I provide a lighting and ventilating fixture which
includes a housing adapted for mounting within the plenum area
above a ceiling. The housing has a generally central downwardly
directed opening which receives a light reflector therein. The
housing supports ballast and capacitor means and other related
electrical components outwardly of the reflector for circuit
connection with one or more light sources supported within the
envelope of the reflector. The reflector has a plurality of
openings adjacent its upper end which communicate with the space
above the housing and establish primary air flow passage means
upwardly within the reflector. The reflector is spaced from the
housing and defines secondary air passage means therebetween, the
reflector having a plurality of circumferentially spaced openings
adjacent its lower edge portion which allow upward air flow into
the secondary air passage means. A light control device and
associated support frame are optionally spaced below the housing
and reflector to allow upward flow of air through the primary air
flow path interiorly of the reflector to remove heat from the light
source. Air also passes upwardly through the secondary passage
means between the reflector and housing for removing heat created
by the ballast and capacitor means and other related electrical
components, the upwardly moving air from both the primary and
secondary passage means passing outwardly of the top of the
fixture. One embodiment of my lighting and ventilating fixture
employs suction duct means to withdraw air from the primary and
secondary air passages by negative pressure, while another
embodiment effects upward flow of air by convection. In the latter
static condition, without negative pressure producing means in the
plenum space, the primary air passage effects removal of heat from
the light source while the secondary air passage effects removal of
heat from the ballast and related electrical components. The
movement of air in the primary air passage generated by convection
from the heat of the light source aids in drawing air through the
secondary air passage means.
Further objects and advantages of my invention, together with the
organization and manner of operation thereof, will become apparent
from the following detailed description of the invention when taken
in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein like
reference numerals designate like parts throughout the several
views.
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view of a lighting and
ventilating fixture in accordance with one embodiment of the
present invention wherein negative pressure means are provided for
effecting upward air flow through the fixture.
FIG. 2 is a foreshortened horizontal sectional view taken
substantially along the line 2--2 of FIG. 1 with the light source
removed; and
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view generally similar
to FIG. 1 but illustrating an alternative embodiment of the
lighting and ventilating fixture wherein upward air flow is
effected by convection.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to the drawings, and in particular to FIGS. 1 and 2,
a lighting and ventilating fixture in accordance with one
embodiment of my invention is indicated generally at 10. The
lighting and ventilating fixture 10 is of the "recessed" type in
that it is adapted to be mounted in the plenum area above a ceiling
wherein substantially all of the fixture except the light lens or
reflector element is hidden from normal view. To this end, the
lighting and ventilating fixture 10 includes housing means,
indicated generally at 12, adapted to be mounted within the plenum
area above a ceiling 14 which is spaced vertically downwardly from
the uppermost construction members of a room or the like. The
ceiling member 14 is conventionally termed a dropped ceiling.
The housing means 12 is illustrated as being generally square or
rectangular in plan configuration and has four upstanding vertical
side wall portions 16 connected at their upper edges to a
horizontal upper end plate 18. The lowermost edge portions of the
vertical side walls 16 are turned outwardly to establish horizontal
flange portions 20 which are coplanar and are secured to a
generally rectangularly shaped mounting bracket or channel 22. The
mounting bracket 22 of the housing means is adapted to be secured
within a correspondingly shaped opening 24 in the ceiling 14, the
mounting bracket having a lower horizontal flange portion 26 which
engages the lowermost surface of the ceiling member 14. The
mounting flange 22 may be secured within the opening 24 of the
ceiling member 14 through any suitable means such as attaching
screws or friction detent means (not shown).
The housing means 12 further includes an inner casing comprising a
truncated pyramidal shaped member 28 open at its lower and upper
ends. The inner casing 28 is suitably secured at its lower edge to
the inner surfaces of the upstanding side walls 16 through an
upwardly directed flange portion 30, and is secured at its upper
edge to a suitable connecting bracket 32 attached to the upper end
plate 18 of the housing. The upper end plate 18 has a generally
square opening 34 centrally therein which provides communication
between the area above the upper plate 18 and the area interiorly
of the inner casing 28.
The lighting and ventilating fixture 10 includes light reflector
means, indicated generally at 36, which is supported within the
recess defined by the inner casing 28 of the housing means 12. The
light reflector means 36 comprises a truncated generally
pyramidal-shaped reflector member having inclined side walls 38.
The light reflector means 36 may be made of a suitable light
weight, light-reflecting material such as aluminum and preferably
has its inner surface polished to maximize light reflection. The
lower edge portions of the inclined side walls 38 terminate in
horizontal flanges 40 which are secured to the mounting brackets 22
in underlying relation to the flange portions 20 of the housing
means 12. In this manner, the reflector extends upwardly within the
housing casing 28 with the inner walls 38 of the reflector being
parallel to and spaced inwardly from the inclined walls of the
inner casing 28.
The upper ends of the inclined walls 38 terminate in a horizontal
upper plate member 44 which has a plurality of suitable air passage
openings 46 therethrough. The openings 46 provide air flow
communication between the interior area of the reflector means 36
and the upper opening 34 in the housing means 12. A plurality of
circumferentially spaced openings 48 are provided in the light
reflector means 36 generally adjacent the lower edge surfaces of
the inclined walls 38 thereof. The openings 48 provide air flow
communication between the interior of the reflector means and the
passage area defined between the inclined walls 38 of the reflector
means and the inner casing 28 of the housing means.
With the upper openings 46 providing air flow communication between
the interior of the reflector means 36 and the upper opening 34 in
the housing means 12, a primary air flow path or passage is
established interiorly of the reflector means 36 whereby air may
flow upwardly from the area below the fixture 10 through the
openings 46 and outwardly of the housing through the upper opening
34 thereof. Spacing the inclined walls 36 of the light reflector
means 36 inwardly from the inclined walls of the inner casing 28 of
the housing means 12 establishes a secondary air flow passage 42
between the inclined walls of the light reflector means and the
inner casing of the housing means such that air may be caused to
flow upwardly from the area below the room through the openings 48
and upwardly through the secondary air flow passage 42 whereupon it
passes outwardly from the housing through the opening 34.
The housing means 12 supports a suitable light source, indicated
generally at 50, which may comprise one or more lighting lamps,
such as metallic vapor lamps, of known construction. The light
source 50 has a socket portion 52 which extends through suitable
aligned openings 54 and 56 provided in the inner casing 28 and the
corresponding light reflector wall 38, respectively, and is secured
in horizontal relation within the reflector element to a suitable
bracket 58 attached to an upstanding side wall 16 of the housing
means. A polished concave reflector 60 of rectangular plan
configuration is secured to the upper horizontal plate 44 of the
light reflector means, as through rivets 62, to overlie the light
source 50 when inserted within its socket 52.
Conventional ballast and capacitor means, indicated generally at
66, are supported within the housing means 12 outwardly of the
reflector means 36 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and are connected in
circuit with the mercury vapor lamp 50 in a known manner to control
the energy input to the mercury vapor lamp during operation.
In lighting fixtures of the type herein described, a light control
device, such as a light diffusing lens, may be desired below the
light source to diffuse light rays which emanate from the light
source. To this end, the lighting and ventilating fixture 10 may
include a light diffusing lens 68 which is supported by the support
bracket 22 through a suitable support frame 70 to underlie the
lower opening of the light reflector means 36. The lens support
frame 70 includes a generally horizontal flange portion 72 which is
supported in downwardly spaced relation from the horizontal flange
40 of the light reflector means 36 such that air may readily flow
upwardly between the lens support frame 70 and the mounting bracket
22 into the spatial interior of the light reflector means.
In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, negative pressure
means, indicated generally at 74, may be secured to the upper
horizontal plate 18 of the housing means 12 to establish an air
pressure differential between the opening 34 in the upper plate 18
and the atmosphere of the room below the lighting and ventilating
fixture 10. The negative pressure means 74 may comprise a casing 75
connected to an air duct 76 which may form a portion of a
ventilating system connected to conventional exhaust fan means (not
shown). Alternatively, the opening 34 in the upper end plate 18 may
be directly open to the plenum area within which the fixture
housing means 12 is mounted. In the latter arrangement the plenum
area is vacuumized to establish a negative pressure within the
upper portion of the housing means 12.
In operation, when the light source 50 is energized to effect
lighting of the room in which the lighting and ventilating fixture
10 is installed, and with the negative pressure means 74
establishing a negative pressure above the opening 34 in the
housing means 12 so that an air pressure differential is created
between the upper opening 34 and the area below the lighting
fixture, air is caused to flow up-wardly between the lens support
frame 70 and the mounting bracket 22 and into the interior of the
light reflector means 36. A portion of the air passing upwardly
from the room below the lighting fixture passes through the primary
air passage interiorly of the light reflector 38 about the light
source 50 and upwardly through the openings 46 in the upper plate
portion 44 of the light reflector means. The air passing upwardly
through the primary air passage within the light reflector means 36
removes heat created by the light source 50 and is thereafter
removed through the opening 34 in the top of the fixture. A portion
of the air passing upwardly from the room below the light fixture
passes through the lower openings 48 in the light reflector walls
38 and into the secondary air passage 42 defined between the light
reflector and the inner casing 28 of the housing means 12. The air
passing upwardly within the secondary air passage 42 removes heat
from the housing means which is created by the ballast and
capacitor means 66 and other electrical components as may be
connected in circuit with the light source 50. The heated air
passing upwardly through the secondary air passage 42 passes
upwardly through the opening 34 in the top of the fixture where it
may be removed through the duct 76. Thus, the lighting and
ventilating fixture 10 illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 establishes two
separate and distinct air flow paths upwardly through the fixture
to simultaneously remove air from the light source 50 and the
ballast and capacitor means 66, the heated air there-after being
removed from the fixture. The heated air so removed may be
recirculated interiorly of the room or exhausted exteriorly.
FIG. 3 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the lighting and
ventilating fixture in accordance with the present invention. For
purposes of description, the elements of the embodiment illustrated
in FIG. 3, which are common to the embodiment illustrated above
with respect to FIGS. 1 and 2, are indicated with a prime notation.
The lighting and ventilating fixture of FIG. 3 is indicated
generally at 80 and is adapted to be mounted within the plenum area
above the ceiling member 14' in similar fashion to the above
described lighting and ventilating fixture 10. The lighting and
ventilating fixture 80 differs from the above described lighting
and ventilating fixture 10 primarily in the positioning of the
light source and slight variations in constructional detail. Also,
the lighting and ventilating fixture of FIG. 3 is not illustrated
as employing a negative pressure means as is described with respect
to the fixture of FIGS. 1 and 2. It will, however, be understood
that in the case of either the lighting and ventilating fixture 10
or the lighting and ventilating fixture 80, a negative pressure
producing means may be used.
The lighting and ventilating fixture 80 includes housing means 12'
having upstanding side wall portions 16' and an upper horizontal
plate 18' which has a generally central square opening 34' therein.
The housing means 12' is supported within an opening 24' within the
ceiling 14' by a mounting bracket 22'. The housing means 12'
supports ballast and capacitor means 66', as well as other related
electrical components as necessary (not shown), between the outer
upstanding walls 16' and a truncated pyramidal-shaped inner casing
28'. The lighting and ventilating fixture 80 further includes light
reflector means 82 which comprises a truncated generally
pyramidal-shaped reflector member having inclined walls 84 secured
at their lower edge portions to the mounting bracket 22'. The upper
edge portions of the walls 84 define an opening 86 which lies in a
plane spaced above the plane of the upper horizontal plate 18'. The
inclined walls 84 of the light reflector means 82 have a plurality
of circumferentially spaced openings 90 therethrough slightly below
the upper edge portions of the walls, the openings 90 providing air
communication between the interior of the light reflector means 82
and the space above the housing means 12'. In this manner, a
primary air passage is established within the interior of the light
reflector means 82 allowing air flow from the area below the light
fixture upwardly through the interior of the light reflector means
and outwardly through the openings 90 into the plenum area above
the light fixture.
The inclined walls 84 of the light reflector means 82 are parallel
to and spaced inwardly from the inner casing 28' of the housing
means 12' and define secondary air flow passage means 88 between
the light reflector means and the inner casing. A plurality of
suitable air passage openings 48' are disposed in circumferentially
spaced relation about the lower edge portions of the inclined walls
84 of the light reflector means, and provide air communication
between the lower interior of the light reflecting means and the
secondary air passage means 88. In this manner, air flow can be
established from the area below the light fixture upwardly through
the openings 48', through the secondary air passage 88', and
through the opening 34' into the plenum area above the fixture. The
lighting and ventilating fixture 80 includes a light source 50'
which may comprise a metallic vapor lamp, or other suitable light
source which is supported by a socket 52' retained within a lamp
mounting casing 92 mounted on the upper edge portions of the walls
84. The light source 50' is connected in circuit in a known manner
to establish selective energizing of the light source. A light
control device, such as a light diffusing lens 68', may be
supported in spaced relation below the light reflector means 82 to
allow upward air flow between the lens support frame 70' and the
reflector means 82. During operation, heat is created by the light
source 50' and by the ballast means 66' and other related
electrical components. The heat so created increases the
temperature of the air within the lighting and ventilating fixture
80 and establishes upward convection of air from the space below
the ceiling member 14' into the lower end of the light reflector
means 82' between the mounting bracket 22 and the lens support
frame 70'. A portion of the air passing upwardly into the light
reflector means 82 passes upwardly through the primary air flow
passage about the light source 50' and outwardly through the
openings 90 into the plenum space above the housing means 12'. The
air passing upwardly through the primary air passage within the
reflector means 82 removes heat created by the light source 50' and
assists in maintaining the temperature within the light reflecting
means at an optimum for maximum light efficiency.
Simultaneously, a portion of the air passing upwardly into the
light reflector means 82 passes through the openings 48' into the
secondary air passage means 88 between the light reflector means
and the inner casing 28' of the housing means and thereafter passes
outwardly through the opening 34' in the upper plate 18'. As air
passes upwardly through the secondary air passage means 88, it
removes heat created by the ballast and capacitor means 66', as
well as heat from other related electrical components that may be
supported within the housing means. The flow of air passing
upwardly through the primary air flow path within the light
reflector means aids in drawing air through the secondary air
passage 88. The heated air passing upwardly and outwardly of the
light reflector openings 90 and the opening 34' in the upper plate
18' of the housing means may be removed from the plenum area above
the ceiling member 14' by means (not shown) in a known manner
wherein the warmed air may be returned to the room or exhausted as
desired.
Having described two embodiments of my lighting and ventilating
fixture, it can be seen that I have provided within my heating and
lighting and ventilating fixture two paths of air travel, a primary
air path being directly over the light source to remove heat
created thereby, and a secondary air path exterior of the walls of
the light reflecting means to absorb and remove heat created by the
ballast and capacitor means 66'. In this manner, I maintain the
heat within my lighting and ventilating fixture at an optimum for
maximum operating efficiency. It will be understood that the above
described principles of effecting air passage upwardly through the
lighting fixture by means of establishing negative pressure or by
convection may be applied to either of the lighting and ventilating
fixtures described, and further that mounting of the light source
in either horizontal or vertical relation may be accomplished
without departing from the invention in its broader aspects.
Thus, while I have described in detail two embodiments of my
invention, it will be understood to those skilled in the art that
changes and modifications may be made therein without departing
from the invention in its broader aspects. For example, I have
described the inner casing of my lamp housing means and the light
reflecting means as having generally truncated pyramidal
configurations. The present invention is not to be limited to a
pyramidal configuration for the light reflector means and the inner
casing of the housing, but rather, may take on other configurations
without departing from the broad concept of the invention.
* * * * *