U.S. patent number 3,700,096 [Application Number 05/023,776] was granted by the patent office on 1972-10-24 for food packaging tray.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Diamond International Corporation. Invention is credited to Richard F. Reifers.
United States Patent |
3,700,096 |
Reifers |
October 24, 1972 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
FOOD PACKAGING TRAY
Abstract
A tray of molded pulp or the like is provided for the packaging
of meat, poultry and fish in conjunction with an overwrapped
plastic film. The tray is constructed with a corrugated series of
bowed portions projecting convexly toward the interior of the tray
along the edge joining the bottom of the tray to the four side
walls.
Inventors: |
Reifers; Richard F. (New
Canaan, CT) |
Assignee: |
Diamond International
Corporation (New York, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
21817125 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/023,776 |
Filed: |
March 30, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
229/162.4;
220/675; 229/407 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
1/34 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
1/34 (20060101); B65d 065/16 () |
Field of
Search: |
;229/2.5 ;220/72,62
;206/45.33,46F |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Leclair; Joseph R.
Assistant Examiner: Garbe; Stephen P.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In a package comprising a tray and a flexible overwrap wherein
said tray comprises a bottom wall, side walls extending upwardly
and outwardly from said bottom wall, a generally rounded corner
between side wall and said bottom wall, and a peripheral lip
extending outwardly from said side walls, the improvement
comprising:
means to increase the beam strength of said package comprising a
series of smooth bulges extending convexly toward the interior of
said tray a maximum of about 0.060 inch, said bulges being located
along the generally rounded corner between each side wall and the
bottom wall and being spaced from one another by approximately 3/5
to equal the maximum width of each bulge;
each said bulge being of maximum width along said rounded corner
between the side wall and bottom wall and becoming uniformly
increasingly narrower as it extends upwardly and outwardly along
said side wall and inwardly along said bottom wall to define a
generally diamond-shaped pattern when viewed from above;
each said convex bulge being shaped concavely when viewed along a
section passing therethrough perpendicular to the generally rounded
corner between said side wall and bottom wall with the radius of
concavity being 2-3 times the height of the tray;
said bottom wall meeting said bulges in the plane of said bottom
wall in the form of a corrugated configuration when said tray is
viewed from the bottom, each said side wall meeting bulges in the
plane of said side wall in the form of a corrugated configuration
when said tray is viewed from the side;
the bulges terminating along the side walls about half way to the
upper edge thereof and being of length such that each bulge is 3/4
to 1 3/4 times the height of the tray with the maximum width being
approximately 1/2 to equal the length thereof;
the interior of said tray being smooth and free from sharp
indentations due to said bulges; and
said side walls being flexed inwardly toward said product and
upwardly at the center thereof about an axis of gyration extending
in an arc across the bottom wall of said tray to near the center of
said bottom wall when overwrapped with flexible overwrap.
2. A molded tray in accordance with claim 1 wherein said bottom
wall is rectangular, and comprising two said side walls separated
by two end walls with rounded corners between adjacent end and side
walls.
3. A molded tray in accordance with claim 1 wherein said tray is
molded of wood pulp.
4. A tray in accordance with claim 1 wherein said overwrap
comprises transparent plastic.
5. A tray in accordance with claim 4 wherein said plastic is heat
shrink or stretch plastic.
6. A molded tray in accordance with claim 4, wherein said bottom
wall is provided with an inner peripheral edge defining a large
window-like opening, said inner peripheral edge being provided with
an annular upstanding bead.
7. In a molded tray adapted to package a product therein in
conjunction with a flexible, transparent overwrap, wherein said
tray comprises a generally rectangular bottom wall, two bowed
opposite end walls and two bowed opposite side walls extending
upwardly and outwardly from said bottom wall, rounded corners
between adjacent side and end walls, a generally rounded corner
between each side and end wall and said bottom wall, and a
peripheral lip extending outwardly from said side and end walls,
the improvement comprising:
a series of smooth bulges extending convexly toward the interior of
said tray a maximum of about 0.100 inch, said bulges being located
along the generally rounded corner between each side wall and the
bottom wall and each bulge being spaced from its adjacent bulge by
approximately 3/5 to equal the maximum width of each said
bulge;
each said bulge being of maximum width along said rounded corner
between the side wall and bottom wall and becoming uniformly
increasingly narrower as it extends upwardly and outwardly along
said side wall and inwardly along said bottom wall to define a
generally diamond-shaped pattern when viewed from above, the length
of each bulge being in the range of 3/4 to 1 3/4 times the height
of the tray and the maximum width being approximately 1/2 to equal
the length thereof;
each said convex bulge being shaped concavely when viewed along a
section passing therethrough perpendicular to the generally rounded
corner between said side wall and bottom wall;
said generally rectangular bottom wall meeting said bulges in the
plane of said bottom wall in the form of a corrugated configuration
when said tray is viewed from the bottom, each said side wall
meeting bulges in the plane of said side wall in the form of a
corrugated configuration when said tray is viewed from the
side;
said bulges being of such size in relation to said tray as to
terminate along the side walls at about half way to the upper edge
thereof, the concave curvature of each bulge having a radius of
approximately 2 to 3 times the height of said tray;
the interior of said tray being smooth and free from sharp
indentations due to said bulges; and
said sidewalls being flexed inwardly toward said food product and
upwardly at the center thereof about an axis of gyration extending
in an arc from the corners of said tray to near the center of said
bottom wall when packaged and overwrapped.
8. A molded tray in accordance with claim 7 wherein said bottom
wall is provided with an inner peripheral edge defining a large
window-like opening, said inner peripheral edge being provided with
an annular upstanding bead.
9. In a molded tray adapted to package a product in conjunction
with a flexible, transparent overwrap wherein said tray comprises a
generally rectangular bottom wall, two bowed opposite end walls and
two bowed opposite side walls extending upwardly and outwardly from
said bottom wall, rounded corners between adjacent side and end
walls, a generally rounded corner between each side and end wall
and said bottom wall, and a peripheral lip extending outwardly from
said side and end walls, the improvement comprising:
a series of smooth bulges extending convexly toward the interior of
said tray, said bulges being located along the generally rounded
corner between each side wall and the bottom wall;
each said bulge being of maximum width along said rounded corner
between the side wall and bottom wall and becoming uniformly
increasingly narrower as it extends upwardly and outwardly along
said side wall and inwardly along said bottom wall to define a
generally diamond-shaped pattern when viewed from above;
each said convex bulge being shaped concavely when viewed along a
section passing therethrough perpendicular to the generally rounded
corner between said side wall and bottom wall;
said generally rectangular bottom wall meeting said bulges in the
plane of said bottom wall in the form of a corrugated configuration
when said tray is viewed from the bottom, each said side wall
meeting bulges in the plane of said side wall in the form of a
corrugated configuration when said tray is viewed from the
side;
said bulges being of such size in relation to said tray as to
terminate along the side walls about half way to the upper edge
thereof;
said tray being formed of molded pulp wherein the density of said
side walls is greater than the density of said bulges, the
thickness of said bulges being greater than the thickness of said
side walls;
the interior of said tray being smooth and free from sharp
indentations due to said bulges; and
said side walls being flexed inwardly toward said food product and
upwardly at the center thereof about an axis of gyration extending
in an arc from the corners of said tray to near the center of said
bottom wall when packaged and overwrapped.
10. A molded tray in accordance with claim 9 wherein said bottom
wall is provided with an inner peripheral edge defining a large
window-like opening, said inner peripheral edge being provided with
an annular upstanding bead.
11. A molded tray in accordance with claim 9, the length of each
bulge being in the range of 3/4 to 1 3/4 times the height of said
tray, the maximum width of each bulge being approximately 1/2 to
equal the length thereof, and each bulge being separate from its
adjacent bulge by approximately 3/5 to equal the maximum width of
each said bulge.
Description
The present invention relates to a package, and more particularly
to a reinforced package for meat or other food including a tray of
improved construction formed of molded pulp, plastic or other
moldable materials together with an overwrap plastic film or
similar material.
To meet commercial requirements, a food tray must usually be
generally rectangular in order to accommodate the bottom area of
the food product with economy and efficiency; furthermore, because
of the limited space available in the self-service open meat
refrigerators of most modern supermarkets, the meat packaging tray
must be able to contain a maximum quantity of meat for its size
and, consequently, substantially the entire bottom area between the
long side walls must be available for containing the meat
product.
Simple rectangular meat trays formed of molded pulp have served the
industry well for a number of years, but it has been found
desirable to provide improved trays with reinforcing, consistent
with the above objectives, which will hold up in a superior manner
when used in conjunction with an overwrapped and heat-sealed or
stretch plastic film which applies compression urging inward
distortion or even collapse of the side walls of the tray. While
for many years the bowed side wall construction provided by Reifers
U.S. Pat. No. 3,185,371 served to resist such inward collapse with
conventional non-shrinking or non-stretching overwrap film, it has
recently been more difficult to provide satisfactory appearance of
an overwrapped tray as desired -- because of new contracting
plastic films used and tight wrapping techniques requiring stronger
trays -- without cutting down on the available space within the
tray and without causing certain other undesirable effects.
Another fault with the earlier attempts at improving side wall
strength was the failure under "pick-up" compression, resulting
from a person picking up the tray containing meat, because of an
abrupt "fault line" at the sharp rib locations in the side wall of
the tray. This "fault line" defect was accentuated in some prior
constructions because the ribs extended all the way to the top of
the tray. Furthermore, such attempted prior art reinforcing
sometimes resulted in trays having less favorable nesting or
denesting characteristics. On the other hand, some prior designs
provided such small ribs that they were essentially ineffectual to
strengthen the tray.
It is, accordingly, an object of the present invention to overcome
the deficiencies of the prior art, such as indicated above.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a new and
improved packaging tray of greater strength per unit weight than
has heretofore been known when overwrapped with heat shrink,
stretch, or conventional film tightly overwrapped.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a food
package using a tray of improved side wall construction which does
not cause any cutting, bruising or indentations in the food
products packaged therewithin and which has improved side wall
compression strength and excellent nesting and denesting
properties.
It is another object of the present invention to provide superior
food packaging containers which are stronger and/or lighter than
those of the prior art, and which may be less expensive because
less raw material is required for a given side wall strength and
which may be produced more efficiently.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a meat
package using a tray having side walls of higher resultant strength
and rigidity when used in combination with an overwrap plastic film
which results in a much greater resistance to rupture and
distortion caused by the tight overwrap film.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a package
of increased beam strength when overwrapped because of its limited
and controlled inward deflection and its use of inward deflection
to cause a slight increase of wall height that in turn gives new
usable strength along its length.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a meat
packaging tray which, while generally rectangular, has varying
gentle convex curvatures defining an irregular marginal bottom wall
profile enclosing about the same area, and which tray when
overwrapped maintains a relatively large capacity, the internal
irregularity of the marginal profile increasing the strength of the
tray and increasing its manufacturing efficiency thereby reducing
cost.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a meat
packaging tray used in conjunction with a stretch or shrink film
overwrap, the construction of the tray-- being subjected to uneven
tension during wrapping -- preventing overstressing of the tray and
film while the tray is being wrapped and to provide a "shock
absorber effect" during the wrapping operation.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a food
packaging tray of increased strength having fluted indentations of
a particular character which provide a greater external surface
area, thereby providing slightly increased surface area of a
"breathable" tray to preserve freshness of meat or produce and to
provide a greater heat exchange surface area to provide increased
cooling after packaging.
These and other objects and the nature and advantages of the
instant invention will be more apparent from the embodiments
described. Such specific embodiments will so fully reveal the
general nature of the invention that others can, by applying
current knowledge, readily modify such embodiments and/or adapt
them for various applications without departing from the generic
concept and, therefore, such adaptations and modifications should
and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of
equivalents of the invention.
The food packaging trays of the present invention are characterized
in that they are provided with internally projecting convex-concave
fluted indentations. These fluted indentations or inwardly
projecting bulges are of a particular character as will be
described in more detail below. However, one result from their
provision, in combination with generally bowed side walls, is an
increased stability in the side wall structure of the tray which
improves resistance to and controls inward deflection due to
overwrapping with transparent, opaque or printed packaging film or
other overwrapping material. In fact, one result of the new film
wrapping techniques and new type plastic films is that the film
continues to tighten after wrapping. The combination of the present
invention is capable of withstanding the resultant compression. The
stability results in a maintained resistance to inward deflection
even after the product is overwrapped.
Also, the fluted structure permits the molding of a food tray at a
lighter weight while maintaining better stability; alternatively,
the tray can be molded at conventional weight which will provide
strength which is substantially greater than in any other known
construction and still meet all marketing and functional
requirements. If desired, the increase in side wall strength makes
it possible to reduce the caliper of the side wall in general,
retaining the inward bulges of fluted portions at normal caliper.
This can be accomplished by suitable mold design so as to control
the deposition of the pulp during formation of the tray, or it can
be done in a later step by calendering the inclined side wall
portions to a thinner dimension. In the latter case, the side wall
will have a higher mullen and higher tensile strength, which in
turn results in a much greater resistance to rupture caused by
tensile force, or resistance to cracking of the upper edge of the
tray caused by an inward or outward deflection of the side wall as
it is picked up by the customer.
The increased calendering or reduction in thickness of the flat
side wall surfaces also permits a reduction in nesting interval
that saves shipping costs, storage space and outer container costs.
This economy was not previously possible because of the functional
need of side wall stiffness at the store level, such side wall
stiffness having previously been obtained through increased weight
of the product and thicker caliper, along with the use of high
strength stock, coupled with the improved bowed out wall
construction shown in the Reifers U.S. Pat. No. 3,185,371.
While the aforementioned caliper differential offers a number of
structural and procedural advantages, it is also possible to have a
much superior product than heretofore known if all of the side wall
and bottom areas are of the same caliper, and the trays of the
present invention having a uniform wall thickness will have
substantial advantages over the prior art whether formed of molded
pulp or of clear or foam plastic.
One of the prime advantages and most surprising results of the
present invention involves the increased beam strength resulting
from the combination of the bowed side walls, the fluted
indentations and the overwrap plastic film. By means of this
combination, the side walls deflect inwardly upon wrapping about a
radius of flexure or a radius of gyration of increased length,
i.e., the radius is not along the corner joining the side wall to
the bottom wall as would be expected, but it extends along a
greater length in an arc from the corners of the tray to near the
center of the bottom wall, and this substantially reduces beam
deflection during subsequent handling of the package.
Viewing a tray in accordance with the present invention from the
bottom side, it will be observed that the flat portion of the tray
is bounded by a generally corrugated periphery which is of greater
length than a typical rectangular periphery. It is readily seen
that this marginal profile contains a lesser area than the typical
rectangular profile. The effect of reducing the bottom flat area in
the manufacture and drying cycle of the tray may result in
accelerated drying when a drying form is used since the tray in
contact with the metal drying from means a smaller bottom area to
be dried. If the trays are free dried, which is more usual, the
fluted indentations serve to maintain the bowed-out side walls
during drying and inhibit warpage. Also, because the periphery is
longer, the curvature provided at this periphery over the longer
distance provides for increased strength.
The above-described corrugated periphery of the bottom wall also
gives rise to certain advantages in the tray during its use. Thus,
this factor in conjunction with the fluted indentations expose more
surface of the tray to outside refrigeration and more surface to
external air circulation around the bottom periphery of the tray
when such a tray is placed on top of another tray or in any flat
surface, such as in the refrigerated showcase of a supermarket. It
is known that air circulation is an advantage from the standpoint
of oxygen transmission, and that oxygen supply is necessary to
preserve freshness of the newly cut fresh meat.
Associated with the above phenomenon is the fact that heat
transmission is also improved to the tray contents in the present
invention due to the greater surface area of the side wall provided
by the fluted indentations and the increased internal air
circulation described above. Thus, the fluted surface acts as a
more effective heat exchange surface when the tray is in a stacked
position in the refrigerated showcase. This is important for rapid
cooling of the meat which is normally cut in a meat room of higher
temperature, normally around 55.degree. F. as compared with the
showcase temperature of approximately 29.degree. F. under ideal
conditions. Increased rate of cooling of the freshly packaged meat
in the refrigerated showcase of the supermarket assists in the
preservation of the freshness of the meat.
One of the primary advantages of the present construction is, as
alluded above, the concept of increased strength, both beam and
compressive. There is a certain amount of pressive force that is
always applied to the tray edges during wrapping process with an
overwrap plastic film. Depending on the various sizes and depth of
the trays and height and weight of the contents, and whether the
tray is hand wrapped or machine wrapped, variable forces will
always cause some inward deflection of the side walls of the tray.
The fluted indentations are provided to maintain the trays's
rigidity and give high resistance to inward (compressive)
deflection to a substantially greater extent than previous
constructions which might, under unfavorable circumstances,
continually yield under the constant force of the stretch or heat
shrinkable film while the package is wrapped and under high
humidity and refrigeration conditions, which could tend to soften
the pulp. And, as indicated above, the beam strength is also
increased after overwrapping.
The objects, nature and advantages of the instant invention will be
more apparent from the following more detailed description of the
invention taken in conjunction with the drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a tray used in the
present invention;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the tray of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a front elevation of the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 4 is a side elevation of the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken on line 6--6 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line 7--7 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 8 is a plan view of the detail shown in FIG. 6;
FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along line 9--9 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a tray used
in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a bottom view of the embodiment of FIG. 10;
FIGS. 12 and 13 are sectional views taken along lines 12--12 and
13--13, respectively, of FIG. 11;
FIG. 14 is a front elevation of a package in accordance with the
present invention using the tray of FIG. 1;
FIG. 15 is a partly sectional view taken along line 15--15 of FIG.
14, and partly in end elevation; and
FIG. 16 is a plan view, partly broken away, of the package of FIGS.
14 and 15.
A molded tray 10, preferably of molded pulp, is shown in FIG. 1 for
the packaging of food in conjunction with a flexible, transparent
overwrap film of plastic, cellophane or the like. In general, the
tray comprises a generally rectangular bottom wall 12 and four
bowed walls 14 (as described in Reifers U.S. Pat. No. 3,185,371)
extending upwardly and outwardly from the bottom wall 12; the end
walls are preferably more bowed than the side walls. Rounded
corners 16 are provided between adjacent side walls 14 and a
generally rounded corner 18 is provided between each side wall 14
and the bottom wall 12. The tray 10 is preferably provided with a
peripheral lip 20, which extends outwardly from the side wall 14
and also, preferably, slightly downwardly as best seen in FIGS. 6
and 7.
The tray 10 of the present invention differs from trays of the
prior art in that it is provided with a series of smooth bulges of
fluted indentations 22 which extend convexly-concavely toward the
interior of the tray 10 a maximum of 0.100 inch as measured along
line A--A of FIG. 6; in most cases it will be desirable that such
bowed wall portions 22 extend toward the interior of the tray only
about 0.060 inch. As is seen from the drawings, the fluted
indentations 22 are generally located along the rounded corner 18
between each side wall 14 and the bottom wall 12.
Careful reference to the drawings will show a number of important
characteristics of such fluted indentations 22. Noting first of
all, FIG. 9, it is seen that the fluted indentations 22 are smooth.
The convex nature of the fluted indentations 22 are also most
apparent from FIG. 9, as well as FIG. 1.
As best seen from FIGS. 1, 2, 8 and 9, each fluted indentation 22
is of maximum width along the line of said rounded corner 18
located between the side wall 14 and the bottom wall 12. The bulges
22 taper in each direction from this maximum width, i.e., each
fluted indentation 22 becomes increasingly narrower as it extends
upwardly and outwardly along the side wall 14 and inwardly along
the bottom wall 12 toward the center of the tray; this
configuration, when viewed from above as shown in FIG. 2, provides
a generally diamond-shaped pattern. These fluted indentations 22
are of relatively uniform size along the side walls 14 of the tray
10.
As indicated above, each of the bulges or fluted indentations 22
have a generally convex configuration toward the interior of the
tray in the sense that they project inwardly, and particularly as
viewed in section along a line parallel to the side wall carrying
such bulges 22, such as in FIG. 9. However, such bulges 22 are also
shaped concavely when viewed along a section passing through their
longest dimension, and perpendicular to the rounded corner 18
between the side wall 14 and the bottom wall 12, as in FIGS. 6 and
7, such concavity being determined by the radius R which is
approximately 2 to 3 times the height of the tray [although it
should be understood that the precise convex configuration need not
be determined by a single radius but rather by plural radii which
generally approximate a single radius R of 2 to 3 times the height
of the tray; for example, the upper portion of the fluted
indentations may be provided with one radius and a lower portion
with another radius and these may merge near the middle]. As an
example, in a tray having a height of approximately 0.63 inches,
the radius R may be 1.34 inches. The bulges 22, being convex in one
direction, and concave in a direction 90.degree. to the first
direction, thereby generally define saddle-like configurations.
When the tray 10 is viewed from the bottom, as shown in FIG. 5, it
is seen that the bulges 22 meet the generally rectangular bottom
wall 12 in the plane of the bottom wall in the form of a corrugated
configuration. Likewise, each side wall 14 meets the bulges 22 in
the plane of the side wall in the form of a corrugated
configuration when the tray 10 is viewed from the side, as in FIGS.
3 and 4, or from the inside, as in FIG. 9. Noting FIG. 5, it is
seen that the continuous line C, corrugated in the area of the
bulges 22, generally outlines the flat planar portion of the bottom
wall 12. It is readily seen that this marginal profile is
substantially different and encloses less area than would be
enclosed if the tray were produced without the flutes or bulges 22
as indicated by the dotted line D. This results, as indicated
above, in accelerated drying during manufacturing of the tray,
increased strength by reason of the curvature at this periphery
over a longer distance, and increased air circulation and heat
transfer.
The relative size of the bulges 22 is another important
consideration in the present invention. To provide the desired
advantages, such as improved strength, the indentations 22 must not
be too small and, to prevent reduction of interior space, such
indentations 22 must not be too large. Accordingly, the bulges 22
should terminate at their upper ends along the side walls about
half way up the side walls. Optimumly, the length L [see FIG. 8] of
each flute should be in the range of 3/4 to 13/4 times the height
of the tray with the maximum width W of each flute being
approximately 1/2 to equal the length thereof. Additionally, each
flute 22 should be separated by a distance S from its adjacent
flute 22 by approximately 3/5 to equal its maximum width; otherwise
the inward projection of the bulges 22 will be required to be too
great in order to obtain the desired strength. For example, in a
tray having a height of 5/8 inch, a bulge average length L [see
FIG. 8] of 5/8 inch and a width W of 1/2 inch and a separation S of
about 1/2 inch have been found desirable.
Until the present invention, one of the problems in the use of meat
trays has been the prevention of overstressing the tray when
wrapping it with the overwrap plastic film. Because of the indented
flutes 22, the stretch film normally used to overwrap the tray 10
will always be subjected to uneven tension during the wrapping
process because of the differences in distances that it takes to
wrap the film around the tray in the width direction as shown in
FIG. 5 by comparing distances E and F. In one embodiment the
measured differential is 3/32 inch and this differential in
distance around the tray will prevent overstressing the tray with
the plastic film while the tray is being wrapped. It also provides
a "shock absorber effect" during the wrapping operation.
It has been found that with the techniques of wrapping using the
new"soft" overwrap films (e.g., PVC), proportionately more force is
exerted on the tray ends during completion of film wrapping than is
exerted on the side walls. To resist this increased force,
proportionately more bow-out curvature is provided for the end
walls compared to the bow-out for the side walls.
As indicated above, in one form of construction of the present
invention the density of the side and end walls is greater than the
density of the bulged portions, the thickness of the indented
flutes 22 being greater than the thickness of the side walls 14.
This is accomplished by pressing the side and end walls during the
manufacturing procedure to reduce their thickness and increase
their density. This results in the side wall having a higher mullen
and a higher tensile strength, which in turn results in a much
greater resistance to rupture caused by tension; it also results in
a reduction of cracking of the upper edge of the tray, caused by
deflection of the side walls during "pick-up." Furthermore, such an
operation provides a reduction in nesting intervals that saves
shipping costs, storage space and outer container costs, as pointed
out above.
The wrapped package of the present invention, containing meat 28,
is shown in FIGS. 14-16 where the deflecting effects of the
overwrap film are shown in an exaggerated manner. As is seen, best
in FIG. 14, the overwrap plastic film 30 deflects the side walls 14
inwardly in such a manner as to force the peripheral lip 20
upwardly toward the center portion of each side wall. A
corresponding deflection of the center of the bottom wall 12 also
occurs as is seen in FIG. 15. These deflections occur because the
side walls pivot or rotate along the radius of gyration G--G, shown
exaggerated in FIG. 16, as a result of the flutes 22 and the
initially bowed side walls 14. Without flutes 22, the side walls of
comparative trays will rotate along the radius 18 thereby providing
a substantially shorter radius of gyration; of course, increased
length of radius of gyration provides increased beam strength in
accordance with known engineering principles.
The force resistance characteristic of the corrugated configuration
is that of progressively higher resistance to deflection as
external force increases. Initially as force is applied there is a
slight side wall deflection whereas in a fluted tray without
bow-out, distortion would result. As force continues to be applied,
resistance to the force increases and wall curvature stabilizes as
the fluted structure transfers force to the tray bottom. At this
point, a unique characteristic develops in the fluted construction
with the center of the side wall 14 rising, increasing wall
dimensions at the center. In actual measurements made, previous
tray designs with bow-out, exaggerated far beyond that provided in
the fluted tray of the present invention, can exhibit a rise in the
center of the side wall equal to that of the present invention, but
will fail structurally in doing so. Bow-out construction along is
only effective to a point in resisting force -- but fluted
structure bow-out sets the curvature of bow-out to better resist
force.
This increased "beam" strength at center, in conjunction with the
new wall form, is resistant to beam breakage forces as filled
packages are picked up. This characteristic of the overwrapped
package differs from the non-wrapped package and represents a
highly important improvement over prior meat packages, which can be
subject to breakage under such forces. Thus, beam strength of the
present package is increased greatly compared with fluted
indentations of the unwrapped tray 10, or an overwrapped tray
without flutes 22.
Another embodiment of a tray used in the invention is shown in
FIGS. 10--13, wherein a tray 100 is shown constructed similar to
the tray 10 in the provision of four walls 140 separated by rounded
corners 160 and also separated from the bottom wall 120 by a
rounded corner 180, the tray 100 also being provided with a
peripheral lip 200 and a series of fluted wall portions or bulges
220 located along the generally rounded corner 180. The bulges 220
of the tray 100 have the same requirements as the bulges 22 of the
tray 10, described above in detail.
Tray 100 differs from the tray 10 in the provision of a large
opening in the center of the bottom wall 120, such opening being
defined by an inner periphery 122 being provided with an upstanding
bead 124.
The tray 100 of FIGS. 10-13 permits the product packaged in the
tray to be viewed through the window or opening in the bottom and,
thus, if meat is packaged within the tray, both sides of the meat
can be viewed. It is, of course, clear that the tray 100, like the
tray 10, is to be provided with an overwrap plastic film sealing
the product securely therein. Whereas in prior paper-product meat
trays it has not been possible to provide a large opening in the
bottom wall because of the reduced strength resulting from the
elimination of the bottom wall, in the present invention this is
possible because of the substantially greater strength added by
fluted indentations 220. The upstanding bead 124, extending
annularly about the inner periphery 122 also serves to increase the
strength of the tray 100.
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the
embodiment disclosed which is illustratively offered, and that
modifications may be made without departing from the invention.
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