U.S. patent number 3,700,070 [Application Number 05/164,756] was granted by the patent office on 1972-10-24 for scissors-type linkage.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Concrete Formwork Engineers Pty. Ltd.. Invention is credited to John Calaby King.
United States Patent |
3,700,070 |
King |
October 24, 1972 |
SCISSORS-TYPE LINKAGE
Abstract
The invention relates to a scissors-type linkage mechanism for
raising and lowering working platforms. The invention overcomes the
prior art disadvantage of high initial raising force by providing a
mechanism in which, in the fully collapsed position, the pivot
point between the two lowest links is substantially above the line
of action of a horizontally acting hydraulic cylinder.
Inventors: |
King; John Calaby (North
Balwyn, Victoria, AU) |
Assignee: |
Concrete Formwork Engineers Pty.
Ltd. (Northcote, Victoria, AU)
|
Family
ID: |
22595960 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/164,756 |
Filed: |
July 21, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
182/16; 52/109;
254/122; 187/243; 182/69.5; 108/145; 182/141; 414/495; 187/269 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B66F
11/042 (20130101); E04G 1/22 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E04G
1/22 (20060101); E04G 1/18 (20060101); B66F
11/04 (20060101); E04g 001/22 () |
Field of
Search: |
;182/63,141,148,69
;214/512,514 ;254/122,126 ;187/18 ;52/109 ;248/421 ;108/145 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Machado; Reinaldo P.
Claims
The claims defining the invention are as follows:
1. A scissors-type linkwork comprising a first pair of links, one
end of one of said links being pivotally connected to a fixed
point, the corresponding end of the other of said links being
constrained to slide towards and away from said fixed point, a
pivotal connection between said links at a point more than half the
length of said links from said first mentioned ends, a second pair
of links pivotally connected to the other ends of said first pair
of links at points remote from the ends of said second pair of
links, a pair of tension links each of which is connected between
the end of one of said second pair of links and a point on one of
said first pair of said links between the pivotal connection of the
first pair of links to each other and the first mentioned ends of
said first pair of said links, the other end of one of said second
pair of links being pivotally connected to a fixed point on an
object to be moved by said linkwork and the other end of the other
of said second pair of links being slideable towards and away from
said last mentioned pivotal connection in a guideway in said
object.
2. A scissors-type linkwork as claimed in claim 1 wherein the
pivotal connection between said first pair of links is offset from
the line joining the pivotal connections at the ends of said links
in a direction away from the line along which the end of the second
link of said first pair of links is constrained to slide.
3. An extendable working platform comprising a base frame, two sets
of scissors-type linkwork as claimed in claim 1 mounted one on each
side of said framework, an upper frame supported from the outer
ends of the links of the second pairs of links, and guideways in
said upper frame to constrain the outer end of one of the links of
each of the second pairs of links to move towards and away from the
outer end of the other link of each of said second pairs of
links.
4. An extendable platform as claimed in claim 3 including an
extendable pressure cylinder connected to the slideable ends of the
second mentioned links of the first pairs of links to cause said
ends to move towards the said fixed points to raise said upper
frame and away from said fixed points to lower the upper frame.
5. An extendable platform as claimed in claim 3 wherein said base
frame is mounted on two pairs of wheels, at least one of which is
steerable.
6. An extendable platform as claimed in claim 3 including a
plurality of bracing members extending between the two sets of
linkwork.
7. An extendable working platform as claimed in claim 3 including a
horizontally moveable platform mounted on said upper frame.
Description
This invention relates to an improved scissors-type or lazy
tongs-type linkage and more particularly to a linkage which
overcomes certain disadvantages of the standard form of scissors
linkage. The type of mechanism under consideration is that used in
the lazy tongs principle particularly, but not exclusively, as
applied to the provision of mountings for platforms of adjustable
height.
Examples of such platforms are the extendable platforms used on
vehicles to enable a workman to be raised to a position in which he
can work on overhead equipment, and platforms which are used for
the removal of the concrete formwork used in the construction of
reinforced concrete floors in buildings.
A major disadvantage of the scissors-type linkwork used in such
constructions at present is that the force to be applied varies
considerably between the point of initial movement and the point of
full extension. If the linkwork is allowed to collapse completely
in its position of rest, then the theoretical force required to
cause it to commence to extend approaches infinity. The initial
force can be reduced by leaving the linkwork partly extended in its
collapsed condition, but this has the disadvantage that the
apparatus takes up more room than would otherwise be necessary and
may result in it being too high for the available headroom when
used for removal of concrete formwork in buildings.
The major object of the present invention is to improve the
scissors or lazy tongs-type linkage in such manner that the
mechanical advantage in the collapsed condition is increased and
hence the force required for initial movement is reduced.
In the usual mechanism of this type there is provided a first pair
of links pivotally connected at or about their mid-points, the
lower end of one link being connected to a fixed pivot and the
lower end of the other link being slideable in a guideway and
pivotally connected to the outer end of the piston rod of a
horizontally acting hydraulic cylinder. The upper ends of the first
pair of links are pivotally connected to the lower ends of a second
pair of links which are pivotally connected to each other at or
about their mid-points.
The upper end of one of the second pair of links is pivotally
connected to a fixed point on a platform while the upper end of the
other of the second pair of links is slideable in a guideway in a
platform. Extension and retraction of the linkage is controlled by
controlling the supply of hydraulic fluid to the horizontally
acting cylinder.
According to the present invention there is provided a
scissors-type linkwork comprising a first pair of links, one end of
one of said links being pivotally connected to a fixed point, the
corresponding end of the other of said links being constrained to
slide towards and away from said fixed point, a pivotal connection
between said links at a point more than half the length of said
links from said first mentioned ends, a second pair of links
pivotally connected to the other ends of said first pair of links
at points remote from the ends of said second pair of links, a pair
of tension links each of which is connected between the end of one
of said second pair of links and a point on one of said first pair
of said links between the pivotal connection of the first pair of
links to each other and the first mentioned ends of said first pair
of said links, the other end of one of said second pair of links
being pivotally connected to a fixed point on an object to be moved
by said linkwork and the other end of the other of said second pair
of links being slideable towards and away from said last mentioned
pivotal connection in a guideway in said object.
In a preferred form of the invention the pivotal connection between
said first pair of links is offset from the line joining the
pivotal connections at the ends of said links.
In order that the invention may be more readily understood it will
now be described by way of example with reference to a particular
embodiment illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a side view of a stripping trolley of the type used to
remove formwork from beneath a cast concrete floor of a building
and to move it outwardly of the building so that it can be picked
up by a crane and lowered to ground level. The trolley incorporates
the linkage of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partial plan view of the trolley of FIG. 1 taken on
line 2--2 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a partial sectional elevation of the trolley on line 3--3
of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view similar to FIG. 1 and showing the
linkage in its fully extended position.
The trolley has a base frame 10 mounted on two pairs of wheels 12,
14 of which pair 12 is driven and the other pair 14 is steerable.
The whole apparatus is driven by petrol or other motor 16 mounted
on the trolley and driving a hydraulic pump 18 to supply hydraulic
fluid under pressure for driving the driven wheels and for raising
and lowering a platform 20 mounted on the trolley.
The frame 10 is provided with a fixed pivot 22 for the lower end of
one link 24 of the first pair of links 24, 26 and a horizontal
guideway 28 in which the lower end of link 26 may slide. The upper
end of each of the links 24, 26 is provided with a pivot point 29
for connection to a second pair of links 30, 32 in a manner to be
hereinafter described.
Each of the links 24, 26 is made from a metal box-section and is
provided on its upper face with a projecting web 34 in which two
further pivot points 36, 38 are provided. The upper pivot point 36
in each web is located between the mid-point of the link and the
upper end of the link, and the two links are pivoted to each other
by means of these pivot points 36.
The lower pivot point 38 in each web is preferably between the
mid-point and the lower end of each of the links 24, 26 and is for
a purpose which will be hereinafter described.
The linkage has a second pair of links 30, 32 each made from a
metal box-section and having a web 40 projecting downwardly from
its lower face at least in the lower half of the link. The lower
end of each of the second pair of links 30, 32 has a pivot point 42
by means of which it is connected, through a tension link 44, to
the lower pivot point 38 on the web 34 of the adjacent link of the
first pair of links 24, 26.
The web 40 on each of the second pair of links is provided with a
second pivot point 46 which may, in one example, be spaced from the
first mentioned pivot point by a distance equal to approximately
one-third of the length of the links 30, 32 of the second pair. By
means of the second pivot point 46 each link of the second pair is
pivotally connected to the upper end of a link 24 or 26 of the
first pair.
The links 30, 32 of the second pair are crossed but are not
connected to each other. The upper end of one link 32 of the second
pair is pivotally connected to a fixed point on a frame 48 adapted
to support a sliding or rolling platform 20, while the upper end of
the other link 30 of the second pair is constrained to move towards
and away from the upper end of the first mentioned link of the
second pair by means of a guideway 52 in the framework 48.
For the sake of simplicity, the construction has been described as
having two pairs of links but in the practical case these pairs of
links are duplicated on opposite sides of the trolley and an
inter-connecting framework 54 is provided to ensure that both sets
of links move simultaneously.
In the lower part of the frame there is installed a horizontally
acting hydraulic cylinder 56 arranged to operate on the lower end
of the sliding link 26 of the first pair. Preferably this is a two
stage cylinder having a greater available force in the first stage
than in the second stage.
This is best seen in FIG. 3 which shows the hydraulic cylinder 56
with one end connected at 58 to a fixed point on the frame 10 of
the machine and its other end acting against an extension 60 of a
carriage 62 running on rollers 64 in guideway 28. The lower ends of
links 26 are pivotally connected to carriage 62.
FIG. 4 shows the platform 20, in dotted lines, in its fully
retracted position and, in full lines, the linkage in its fully
extended condition with the platform at its maximum height.
FIG. 1 shows the linkage in the condition in which the platform has
been raised a short distance from its fully retracted position.
The arrangement described enables the platform to be moved from its
position of rest and raised with the operation of a lower force
than required in the standard scissors mechanism without any
increase in the height of the mechanism in its fully collapsed
condition.
The reasons for this are as follows:
In a standard scissors-linkage, the links of one pair are at all
times parallel to the links of another pair. With the construction
described hereinabove, that condition does not apply and it is
therefore possible to have the pivot point 36 between the links of
the lower pair spaced a greater distance from the line of action of
the hydraulic cylinder in the collapsed condition. With the
standard scissors-linkage, the distance between the first pivot
point and the line of action of the hydraulic cylinder would be
very small. The line of action of the cylinder in the present
invention is indicated at X in FIG. 4, and it will be observed that
there is a substantial vertical distance between this line and
pivot point 36. This gives the cylinder a large moment arm for its
applied force and automatically results in a reduction of the force
required to effect initial movement.
The avoidance of a pivotal connection between the links 30, 32 of
the second pair and the pivoting of the second pair of links at
points between their ends to the upper ends of the links 24, 26 of
the first pair contributes to this effect.
The provision of the webs on the links of the first and second pair
results in the pivotal connections located between the ends of the
pairs of links being offset from the lines joining the pivotal
connections at the ends of the pairs of links. With this
arrangement, in the collapsed condition, the lines joining the
pivotal connection of the first pair of links to the pivotal
connection at the upper ends of the first pair of links can be
horizontal, and this in turn results in the links of the second
pair being horizontal in the collapsed condition as can be seen in
FIG. 4.
It is thus possible to achieve a greater distance between the
pivotal connection of the first pair of links and the line of
action of the hydraulic cylinder without any increase in the
overall height of the mechanism in the collapsed condition. In a
particular example of the invention with a load of 1 ton (2,240
lbs) on the platform, initial movement can be effected with a ram
force of 9,500 lbs, reducing to 7,300 lbs when the load has been
raised 10 percent of the distance, 6,200 lbs when the load has been
raised 25 percent of the distance, 3,100 lbs when the load has been
raised 50 percent of the distance, and 1,660 lbs with the load
fully raised.
If so desired there may be incorporated one or more pressure relief
valves operated by movement of the piston rod of the hydraulic
cylinder to limit the pressure applied to the cylinder as the load
is raised. This, in conjunction with the lower force available in
the second stage of the ram, enables the platform to be raised at a
velocity which is more nearly constant than would be the case if a
constant pressure were applied.
* * * * *