U.S. patent number 3,698,692 [Application Number 05/137,236] was granted by the patent office on 1972-10-17 for modular fence construction.
Invention is credited to Clinton A. Burrows, Jr..
United States Patent |
3,698,692 |
Burrows, Jr. |
October 17, 1972 |
MODULAR FENCE CONSTRUCTION
Abstract
A channel member is C-shaped in cross section and has a length,
width and thickness bearing a predetermined relation with respect
to the width and depth of the elongated slot on one face of the
channel. The slot width and depth is such that the channel can be
used both as fence post and as a fence rail with the post and rail
in interlocking relation. Various orientations of the vertical
fence posts provide L-shaped and T-shaped corners, and by arranging
the horizontal rails so that the slots face in suitable directions
a variety of rail patterns can be formed. Spacers between adjacent
rails afford an open, or corral-type, of fence and, if desired, the
channel members can also be used to form a trim cap along the top
of the fence.
Inventors: |
Burrows, Jr.; Clinton A.
(Sacramento, CA) |
Family
ID: |
22476417 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/137,236 |
Filed: |
April 26, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
256/19;
256/24 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04H
17/168 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E04H
17/16 (20060101); E04h 017/14 () |
Field of
Search: |
;256/19,24,25,26,65,59
;52/589 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,597 |
|
Aug 1927 |
|
AU |
|
585,280 |
|
Oct 1959 |
|
CA |
|
590,047 |
|
Jul 1947 |
|
GB |
|
Primary Examiner: Taylor; Dennis L.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A modular fence construction comprising:
a. a plurality of pairs of vertical channel-shaped post
members;
1. each of said post members extending between opposite ends and
having a predetermined length, each of said post members also
including a front side having an elongated end to end slot formed
therein, a back side, and a pair of opposite side edges, the
transverse width of said slot being in excess of the thickness of
said post member measured between said front side and said back
side by an amount rendering said slot capable of selectively
receiving either of said ends in snug relation;
2.
2. each of said pairs of post members including a first one of said
post members and a second one of said post members, said first one
and said second one of said post members being oriented to face
toward each other in mirror symmetry with said slots in register
and spaced apart a distance substantially equal to said
predetermined length of each of said post members;
3. each of said plurality of pairs of post members being arranged
in a substantially continuous configuration with the intermediate
of said pairs of post members each having one of said post members
in back to back relation with respect to the adjacent one of said
post members in the contiguous one of said pairs of post members;
and,
b. a plurality of horizontal, channel-shaped rail members spanning
the distance between said registering slots in each of said facing
pairs of vertical post members to form a fence panel, each of said
rail members extending between opposite ends and having a length
equal to said predetermined length of said vertical post members,
each of said rail members also including a front side having an
elongated end to end slot formed therein, a back side, and a pair
of opposite side edges, the dimensions of said front side, said
slot, said back side and said side edges of each of said rail
members being equal to the corresponding
dimensions of each of said post members. 2. A modular fence
construction as in claim 1 wherein each of said vertical post
members is installed with one of said ends in the ground a distance
such that the height of the above-ground portion of said post
member is substantially a whole multiple of the width of one of
said rail members measured between said opposite side edges of said
rail member and wherein each of said pairs of vertical post members
is oriented with said slots in facing relation to receive said ends
of said horizontal rail members.
3. A modular fence construction as in claim 1 wherein one of said
vertical post members at one end of a first one of said fence
panels is arranged in back to back relation with another of said
post members at the adjacent end of a second one of said fence
panels contiguous to and in linear alignment with said first one of
said fence panels.
4. A modular fence construction as in claim 1 wherein one of said
vertical post members at one end of a first one of said fence
panels is arranged in a predetermined angular relation with respect
to another of said post members located at the adjacent end of a
second one of said fence panels contiguous to said first one of
said fence panels and in angular orientation with respect thereto
corresponding to said predetermined angular relation.
5. A modular fence construction as in claim 4 wherein said
predetermined angular relation of said one of said post members and
said another of said post members and said angular orientation of
said first one of said fence panels with respect to said second one
of said fence panels, is 90.degree..
6. A modular fence construction as in claim 1 wherein all of said
horizontal rail members in at least one of said fence panels are
arranged so that said elongated slots face in the same
direction.
7. A modular fence construction as in claim 1 wherein said
horizontal rail members in at least one of said fence panels are
arranged with said elongated slots in adjacent rails facing in
alternating opposite directions.
8. A modular fence construction as in claim 1 wherein adjacent ones
of said horizontal rail members are spaced apart to afford a
plurality of horizontal spaced openings.
9. A modular fence construction as in claim 1 wherein one of said
rail members is arranged in horizontal attitude with said slotted
front side facing downwardly in register with the subjacent
horizontal side edge of the underlying one of said horizontal rail
members to form a horizontal cap member covering said underlying
rail member, said ends of said horizontal cap member also overlying
the subjacent upper ends of the adjacent pair of vertical post
members.
Description
The invention relates to improvements in modular fence
constructions.
It is an object of the invention to provide a modular fence
construction which is substantially entirely made up of components
having identical dimensions, and which can, therefore, be produced
very economically.
It is another object of the invention to provide a modular fence
construction in which the components can be cast or molded or
otherwise formed of any suitable material, such as concrete, wood,
"plastic," compressed and fused wood particles, or the like.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a modular fence
which can easily and quickly be built by only two people owing to
the relatively light weight of its components and the uniformity of
size of its components which minimizes measuring.
It is still a further object of the invention to provide a modular
fence construction which eliminates the need for nails, bolts,
struts, wires and other fastenings and bracings.
It is yet a further object of the invention to provide a modular
fence construction which is not only pleasing in appearance but
which is very strong and requires little or no upkeep.
It is another object of the invention to provide a generally
improved modular fence construction.
Other objects, together with the foregoing, are attained in the
embodiment described in the following description and illustrated
in which:
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary perspective view of a typical installation,
with portions broken away to reduce the extent of the figure;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary perspective view of the top of a fence,
showing a fence cap construction;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view, the plane of the section
being indicated by the line 3--3 in FIG. 2; and,
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary, transverse sectional view taken on the
line 4--4 in FIG. 2.
While the modular fence construction of my invention is susceptible
of numerous physical embodiments, depending upon the environment
and requirements of use, substantial numbers of the herein shown
and described embodiment have been made, tested and used, and all
have performed in an eminently satisfactory manner.
The modular fence construction of the invention, generally
designated by the reference numeral 11, is characterized by the
fact that substantially all of its components are almost identical
in size and configuration.
This basic unit comprises an elongated channel member 12 having a
predetermined length, such as 921/2 inches, a predetermined width,
such as 8 inches, and a predetermined thickness, such as 3
inches.
An elongated central slot 13 is formed on the front face 14 of the
channel member 12, and extends from one end 15 to the other end 16,
the slot having a bottom width of, for example, 3 inches. The slot
13 is formed with a slight taper, or draft, during the molding or
casting operation so that the outer width of the slot at the front
face of the channel slightly exceeds the bottom width of 3 inches.
The taper affords easy starting access to a channel member with one
of its side edges 17 or one of its ends 15 or 16 directed toward
the slot preparatory to inserting the channel end or edge into
snugly fitting relation within the slot.
At the left-hand end of FIG. 1, two channel members 12 are placed
vertically with their backs 19 in touching engagement so as to form
a very sturdy terminal post member 20, or anchor, at the end of the
fence. Since the slot 13 in the left-hand post is exposed, the
fence can, if desired, be extended in a left-hand direction at a
future time.
The back to back arrangement of posts 21 and 22 at the left-hand
end of FIG. 1 finds its counterpart in the arrangement of twin
posts 23 and 24 crossing the T-corner in the upper center of FIG.
1.
In order to form a panel 26 between the end or terminal post member
20, comprising the posts 21 and 22, and the intermediate post
member 28, comprising the posts 23 and 24, a plurality of channel
members 12 is placed in horizontal attitude to form horizontal
rails 31. The rails are located one on top of the other, with the
ends of the horizontal rails inserted into the open, or facing
slots 13, of the adjacent vertical posts 22 and 23.
The snug relation of the rail ends in the slots in the vertical
posts affords a very secure interlock, or interconnection, which is
highly resistant to lateral displacement and the cumulative weight
of the rails makes the panel 26 very strong and rigid.
Panel 26, it will be noted, is characterized by having all of the
slots 13 in the horizontal rails facing inwardly. With this
arrangement, the slots afford toe supports enabling the panel to be
climbed readily from the inside. The outside surface, however, is
uninterrupted and the smooth face renders climbing difficult. Such
a construction lends itself especially well to commercial uses,
such as fence walls around a storage yard, and the like.
Panel 36, in alignment with but to the right of panel 26, as seen
in FIG. 1, has all of its horizontal rails arranged so that the
slots 13 face outwardly, for esthetic purposes, for example. Total
security is not desired in the case of panel 36 and, in fact,
alternate rails 31 in panel 36 are replaced by pairs of spacer
blocks 38 and 39 so as to provide an open type of fence such as
would be suitable, for example, in a horse corral. The spacer
blocks 38 and 39 are shorter in length than the channel members 12
but are the same in width and thickness. They may or may not have
slots formed therein. In FIG. 1, the spacer blocks 38 and 39 do not
have slots.
Where a T-shaped corner is necessary, such as that generally
indicated by the reference numeral 41 in FIG. 1, a third channel
member is provided. The third channel 42 is placed vertically, next
to the posts 23 and 24, and as shown, is oriented so that the
vertical slot in post 42 faces at 90.degree. relative to the slots
in the posts 23 and 24 so that the horizontal rails 31 can be
arranged, as desired, to form the panel 44 which forms the leg of
the T-shaped corner.
At the distal end of the panel 44, the channel ends are interlocked
into the vertical slot of the post 46, which, along with a second
post 47, in back to face relation with the post 46, forms another
terminal post member 49. The smooth back surface 19 of the post 47
along with the smooth, coplanar side edges 17 of the posts 46 and
47 affords a finished appearance and one which is resistant to
being climbed.
As appears most clearly and typically in FIG. 1, which discloses a
broken away portion of the ground, the bottoms of the vertical
fence posts, such as the posts 46 and 47, are preferably secured in
a block of concrete 51 poured as cement into a post hole 52 in the
ground 53, with the terminal post member 49 properly positioned
with respect to the required distance from the adjacent post, the
desired depth into the hole and plumbness as to attitude.
At the end of the panel 36 remote from the T-corner 41, the rails
31 are lodged in the slot of the vertical post 56 which, together
with the vertical post 57 forms an L-shaped corner 58. The post 57
is oriented so that its slot faces 90.degree. away from the slot in
post 56, and is therefore able to receive the ends of the
horizontal rails 31 forming panel 61.
Panel 61 is characterized by an alternating arrangement of slots,
with some slots facing inwardly and others facing outwardly. Such a
pattern provides an interesting detail; and, where it is used as a
common boundary wall between neighbors, affords an equality of
treatment acceptable to both.
The terminal member 63 at the distal end of panel 61 resembles an
I-beam in that the first post 66 which holds the adjacent ends of
the rails, corresponds to the central web portion of an I-beam
whereas the posts 67 and 68 correspond to the flanges. This I-beam
construction is very strong and can appropriately be utilized, for
example, in a fence on or about a vehicle parking lot where the
fence might be subjected to buffeting by carelessly handled
vehicles.
As previously explained, all of the bottom ends of all of the
vertical posts are sunk at least a foot or two into the concrete.
This construction, together with the weight of the rails and the
snug interlock between the rails and posts, affords a very strong
and secure fence.
It is sometimes desired, however, in the interests of esthetics as
well as additional security, to mount a horizontal cap structure 71
on top of the fence, as appears most clearly in FIGS. 2-4.
The cap 71 comprises, in the portion shown, two channel members 72
and 73 laid face down so that the elongated slots 13 are in
registry with the upwardly facing side edge 17 of the subjacent
horizontal rail 74. Where a cap is to be used, it is often
preferred to have the upper edge 17 of the top rail 74 protrude
slightly above the upper end of the vertical post, thereby
affording an elongated key 75 extending upwardly somewhat into the
registering elongated slot 13, corresponding to a keyway. Mortar or
a suitable adhesive, such as an epoxy resin, can be used at all
suitable joints and junctions, if desired.
Thus, where the ends of the cap members 72 and 73 overlie the
respective subjacent upper ends of the posts 77 and 78, mortar or
other suitable adhesive can be used. So also, as indicated most
clearly in FIG. 3, mortar or other binding material 79 can be
utilized to affix the spacer plug 81 located on top of the posts 77
and 78 and spanning the gap between the adjacent ends of the cap
members 72 and 73.
As heretofore indicated, the channel members are so dimensioned
that in the customary installation, the portion of the vertical
fence protruding above ground level is a whole multiple of the
channel width. Thus, after the vertical posts are installed and the
concrete has set the horizontal rails can be lowered one at a time
down the track, or groove, formed by the facing slots in adjacent
posts; and when the top rail has been placed in position, the upper
side edge of the rail will be substantially flush with the top end
of the vertical posts. A variation from this, as previously
mentioned, occurs when it is desired to afford a key 75 to fit into
the keyway, or slot, where a cap is to be used, and the additional
strength of a key is desired.
Fences having fence posts on 8-foot centers are widely used and
known. Consequently, by making the channel member, 921/2 inches
long, the addition thereto of two channel's web thicknesses (each
11/2 inches) together with 1/4-inch play, or positive tolerance, in
the depth of each slot, a total of 96 inches or distance of 8 feet
between post centers is attained. The post holes, in other words,
can be dug 8 feet apart, and thus the present modular fence
construction conforms with the spacing widely used in the
construction of fences for many years.
In installing the fence it is customary first to dig the post holes
to proper depth, followed by placing all of the posts loosely in
their corresponding holes. Then, preferably starting at one end of
the fence, the end or terminal post members are placed in the holes
to the desired depth and the cement poured. Depth adjustment and
vertical plumbness is maintained while the bottom rail extending to
the next fence post is properly oriented and inserted both in the
first post and in the slot of the next fence post, 8 feet distant.
The next fence post is thereupon adjusted and concrete poured,
while maintaining proper height and plumb. This cycle is repeated
to the other end of the fence, with T-corners, L-corners and other
excursions attended to along the path of the fence.
After this primary construction has been completed, the concrete is
allowed to set. Thereafter, the second, and final, phase of the
installation is taken care of, namely, the placement of the
horizontal rails and, if desired, of the fence cap.
It can therefore be seen that I have provided a highly versatile
modular fence construction which is not only readily and easily
installed, but which is also strong, durable and esthetically
pleasing.
* * * * *